Inhaled Mica Flakes and Vitamin B12 Intercalated Clay Particles Trigger Multiple Sclerosis | Chapter 9 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

The present study highlights about inhaled mica flakes and vitamin B12 intercalated clay particles trigger multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the commonest devastating neurodegenerative disease in young adults in high lattitudes Soil dust containing both weathered mica particles and vitamin B12 containing clay particles (“transformation smectite“ particles) can activate myelin specific CD4+ T cells in lung. CD4+ central memory type T cell (resting phenotype) receptor is activated by soluble MHC II when it is anchored on mica particle surface and T cell adheres also on the same mica surface. Further prerequisite is that at the same time smectite clay particle intercalated with vitamin B 12 is endocytosed into the same T cell. Vitamin B12 (B12) plays a cell-autonomous role in reprogramming lymphoblasts (in this case memory B-cells and central memory T-cells). B12 affects in vivo reprogramming lymphoblasts through one carbon metabolism enhancing H3K36me3 histone methylation. T cell activation requires 1) T cell receptor activation and 2) T cell metabolic changes from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. In classical activation model co-receptor B 28 activation changes T cell metabolism to oxidative glycolysis. In this case at the wrong time dosed vitamin B 12 changes T cell metabolism to oxidative glycolysis using anaplerotic feeding of TCA-cycle, permitting T cell activation to effector phenotype pathologic T cell. The hypothesis is based on new findings in immunobiology and on epidemiological observations.

Author(s) Details:

S. K. Junnila,
Health Centre of The Town of Haapajärvi, 85800 Haapajärvi, Finland.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVMMS-V1/article/view/13658

Vitamin D and Environmental Factors in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review | Chapter 13 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 1

An autoimmune disease with an unknown cause and poor treatment outcomes, multiple sclerosis (MS) has a high societal cost. It only makes sense that we look into the various factors (genetic, hormonal, and environmental) that play a role in the autoimmune process in order to better control the immune system's dysregulation given that the myelin destruction model, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic response potential in MS are all linked. Results from epidemiological and clinical investigations strongly imply that variations in vitamin D blood concentrations are connected to the degree of MS risk, the phases of remission and relapse, and gender differences in vitamin D metabolism. To achieve proper calcium metabolism, the blood vitamin D concentration should range from 50 to 80 nmol/l. The application of vitamin D in an ideally effective and safe dosage, a subset of MS patients who are suitable for vitamin D treatment, and the optimal vitamin D blood concentration necessary to regulate the aberrant immune response in MS patients are all discussed. Despite the fact that 17 years is a very short period of time to infer that the population's gene pool has altered, the MS prevalence rate in Bulgaria has doubled in that time. More investigation into potential connections between diverse environmental elements and their role in the development of illnesses is therefore both appropriate and necessary.

Author (s) Details:

Georgi S. Slavov,
Department of Neurology, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V1/article/view/7435

Evidence Mercury May Be an Etiological Factor in Multiple Sclerosis | Chapter 2 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol.8

 

 Mercury is one of the most hazardous metals, with the potential to cause a wide range of health problems. The researchers wanted to see if mercury was the cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) by comparing 88 MS-related features to mercury levels. All but five factors were found to be associated to mercury, with the remaining five factors having insufficient evidence to be linked to mercury in some way.

MS is characterised by nerve demyelination, and mercury is known to cause nerve demyelination. The basal ganglia, Bell's palsy, brain atrophy and shrinkage, brain scarring, dysmetria, myelin basic protein, myelin oliodendrocytes, glycoprotein, oligoclonal bands, oligodendrocytes, ciliary neutrophil factor, white matter, axon and myelin damage, electroencephlography, and brainstem auditory evoked potentials are all involved in Autoimmunity, cytokine alterations, gamma globulins, Epstein Barr virus, T cells, herpes virus, and urinary infections are all examples of immune system abnormalities.

Hormones and biochemistry such myelin basic protein, myelin oliodendrocytes, glycoprotein, estriol, free radicals, glial cells, glucosteroids, female hormones, and inrerferon undergo similar changes.

Mercury exposure was revealed to be responsible for all 32 physical symptoms of MS, as well as all 7 mental health symptoms and all 11 ocular symptoms, according to the study.

The researchers hypothesised that people living in southern latitudes are more exposed to the sun, and that the higher levels of vitamin D, an anti-inflammatory, may assist to mitigate mercury-induced inflammation.

According to studies, there is a link between MS and dental caries and dental amalgams. Dental amalgams are the most prevalent source of mercury, according to the WHO. According to the study, mercury is most likely an etiological factor in multiple sclerosis.

Author(s) Details:

Robert Siblerud,
Rocky Mountain Research Institute, USA.


Joachim Mutter,
Environmental Medicine, 784467 Konstance Germany.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V8/article/view/6281

Multiple Sclerosis: The Hidden Symptoms | Chapter 25 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a difficult disease to treat because of its wide range of central and peripheral nervous system symptoms. When unexpected and uncommon symptoms coexist with common symptoms in patients with MS, the situation becomes much more complicated. The frequency and intensity of these uncommon symptoms fluctuate over time, raising the possibility of another neurological disorder. Any of these symptoms could be a sign of an active disease at any time. A decent comprehension of these odd symptoms by both the patient and the healthcare team could aid in taking the necessary steps to better treat MS. These unseen or uncommon symptoms are experienced differently by these MS patients, therefore recording these symptoms is another technique to manage MS more efficiently.

Author(S) Details

Ansh Chaudhary
Department of Medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Bhupendra Chaudhary
Department of Neurology, Jaswant Rai Super Speciality Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V9/article/view/5860

Plant Bioactive Constituents Play a Potential Role in the Treatment of Spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review | Chapter 9 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 14

 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating central nervous system (CNS) illness that attacks in early adulthood. Despite various FDA-approved drugs in the United States, multiple sclerosis therapy choices are limited. The study's major focus was on plant bioactive components, which have an essential role in the treatment of spasticity in people with Multiple Sclerosis. Many patients with MS seek out herbal therapies to assist them manage their symptoms and control their disease. According to research, 70-80% of persons with MS have tried plant products or bioactive chemicals to help them with their symptoms. Patients with MS who utilise herbal medications may provide additional study opportunities. The most often used phytotherapies are diet, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants. In both relapsing and progressive types of MS, bioactive plant chemicals such as flavonoids, vitamin C, lipoic acid, and vitamin D supplementation were found to be the most promising anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents. Polyphenols, terpenes, alkaloids, anthocyanidine glycosides, plant amines, volatile oils, and other natural substances will all have a part in the future therapy of multiple sclerosis.

Author(S) Details

G. Neelamma
Srikrupa Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siddipet, Telangana, India.

B. Nagarani
Srikrupa Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siddipet, Telangana, India.

K. Mangamma
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies JNTU, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V14/article/view/4988

Research on Phytotherapy and Physiotherapy in Multiple Sclerosis | Chapter 3 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-term autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Its cause is uncertain, however it appears to be linked to axon demyelination in the brain and spinal cord. Multiple sclerosis is an incurable condition in the twenty-first century, despite medical improvements. To halt the progression of MS, we should focus our efforts on reversing the demyelination process and enhancing nerve impulse transmission along the CNS.

In patients with MS, the effects of a daily intake of an alcohol extract of snowdrop or a snowdrop-derived medicine containing nivaline and other biological active substances (BAS) and an alcohol extract of Atropa belladonna or an Atropa belladonna-derived medicine combined with regular electro-magnetic physiotherapeutic procedures were studied.

Results: The use of nivaline and atropine on a daily basis in combination with frequent electromagnetic physiotherapeutic operations appeared to have the ability to reverse the course of MS, resulting in clinical remission in MS patients.

Conclusion: Our findings imply that the treatment regimen presented here has the ability to block the demyelination process in the CNS and activate the remyelination process in MS patients, resulting in clinical remission. Existing medical theories and practises, as well as phytotherapy and physiotherapeutic schemes, have been successfully utilised as a scientific way for treating MS in a single and/or combination manner.

Author(s) Details

V. L. Kaniskov
Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski and the National Academy of Arts, Sofia, Bulgaria and St. Petersburg Society of Phytotherapy, Russian Federation, Russia.

I. E. Iliev
Department of General and Vascular Surgery, General Surgery Resident, Steyr Regional Hospital, Upper Austria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V7/article/view/1050

Experiment on the Effectiveness of an Aerobic Exercise Program on Patients with Multiple Sclerosis with Decreased Walking Ability Secondary to Fatigue | Chapter 10 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol.4

 Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of aerobic exercises program in
patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with main compliant of decreasing walking ability secondary to fatigue.

Study Design: Prospective non-randomized case study.

Place and Duration of the Study: This study conducted at Physical Therapy Department gem, Ahfad

University for Women, Omdurman, Sudan 2016, between August 2016 till February 2017.

Methodology: Three patients with MS, their age ranges from 30-50 years were included in this study.

They were evaluated by Six Minutes’ Walk test and Fatigue assessment scale before and after 12

sessions of the treatment program. The aerobic exercise program was walking, its intensity and

duration was individually adjusted according to each patient with warm up period of 10 minutes and

15 minutes cool down.

Results: The results showed a clinically meaningful improvement in walking speed of those patients

without increasing in their fatigue. (Six Minutes’ Walk test p = 0.34), (Fatigue assessment scale P =

0.38).

Conclusion: Aerobic exercises (walking) have greater impact on patients with multiple sclerosis

which they work as an alternative strategy for the management of disease complications.

 

Author (s) Details

Omnia E. Abd-Elghani

Department of Physiotherapy, Ahfad University for Women of Health Sciences, Omdurman, Sudan.

Sujood O. Mohammed

Department of Physiotherapy, Ahfad University for Women of Health Sciences, Omdurman, Sudan.

Rufida S. T. Kamal Eldeen

Department of Physiotherapy, Ahfad University for Women of Health Sciences, Omdurman, Sudan.

Suliman Alfadil

Department of Physiotherapy, Ahfad University for Women of Health Sciences, Omdurman, Sudan.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/248

Cross-talk between Glial Cells and Relationship in Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview | Chapter 10 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 In medicine, the search for the cause of a disease has been critical to understanding the nature of the disorder and an important step towards the discovery of effective therapies and prevention. The search for a cause is more difficult than it may seem at first. For example, even if we find the mechanism by which the disease progresses, the questions would be: What started the process; then, if we have found the factors that initiated the process that will lead to questions as to what happened to this person, and at this very moment. The answer to research questions often raises more questions and that is how research progresses. Communication between the immune system and the Central nervous system (CNS), essential for maintaining homeostasis, is exemplified by cross-talk between glia and neurons. While actively microglia cells are modulated by neurons in the healthy brain, little is known about the cross-talk between oligodendrocytes and neurons. Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells in the CNS, are essential for the propagation of potentials action along axons, and additionally they serve to support neurons by neurotropic factors. In demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, oligodendrocytes are thought to be the victims. Also they have strong immune functions, express a wide variety of innate immune receptors, produce and respond to the chemokines and cytokines and modulate immune responses. In Addition, they elicit responses that cause progressive neurodegeneration. Under certain circumstances cells cross the blood brain barrier and reach the parenchyma, activating a cascade of events culminating in an inflammatory lesion and demyelization. The main participants of these attacks are the CD4+T cells, antigen presenting glia (microglia and astrocytes), macrophages and B cells. On the other hand further evidence support that the beginning of autoimmune response is initiated within the CNS; we should consider other theories to explain not only multiple sclerosis as an autoimmune disease, and that starts outside the central nervous system. There is an intimate relationship that we must pay more attention in our research: The dialogue neuron-glia; the cross-talk between oligodendroglia, microglia and neuron help us to uncover novel pathways in the brain. 

Author (s) Details

Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico and Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

Fermín P. Pacheco-Moisés,
Department of Chemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

Blanca M. Torres-Mendoza,
Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico and Division of Neurosciences, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

Luis Javier Flores-Alvarado
Department of Biochemistry, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

Mario A. Mireles- Ramírez
Department of Neurology, High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

Daniela L. Delgado-Lara
Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Center of Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/195