Copper-Mediated Cross Coupling Reactions and Their Applications: An Overview | Chapter 2 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 9

 

Copper (Cu) is a promising catalytic metal for C–C bond construction through coupling transformations. Coupling strategies of a range of organo-metallic reagents, with aromatic, heteroaromatic, and alkyl halides, can be carried out by Cu-catalysts with high efficiency, demonstrating the adaptability of Cu supported catalytic methods in carrying out these transformations. Conversely, the parallel palladium-catalysed cross-coupling methods are frequently complementary to the scope and selectivity of copper-assisted methods. Furthermore, Cu-catalysts are displaying a distinct pattern of reactivity that permits ligand-less coupling for the formation of aromatic–heteroaromatic and heteroaromatic–heteroaromatic bonds, a transformation that typically calls for unique, specially created ligands with Pd-catalysts. Early findings in the field of Cu-mediated couplings to generate C-C bonds are summarised in this chapter.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Gadamani Suresh Babu
Department of Humanities & Sciences, Brilliant Institute of Engineering & Technology, Abdullapur (V), Abdullapurmet (M), R.R District-501505, India.

 

Kiran Kumar Tatapudi
Discovery Analytical R&D Department, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

 

Surinderpal Singh
Department of Chemistry (H&S), CMR Engineering College, Kandlakoya (V), Medchal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana 501401, India.

 

Tiruveedhula Somasekhar
Department of Humanities & Sciences, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Aziz Nagar Gate, Chilkur Balaji Road, Himayat Sagar Rd, Hyderabad, Telangana 500075, India.

 

Hemambika SadasivuniDepartment of Freshmen Engineering, St. Martin’s Engineering College, Dhulapally, Hyderabad, Telangana-500100, India.

 

S. Ratna Kumari
Department of Chemistry, Basic Science & Humanities, Vignan's Nirula Institute of Technology and Science for Women, Guntur, A.P., India.

 

S N Murthy Boddapati
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh-534007, India.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v9/6761

Channel Angular Pressing of Annular Billets Made from Non-ferrous Metals | Chapter 5 | Current Approaches in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 5

The purpose of the study is to implement the channel angular pressing (CAP) method developed based on the invention. The diagram, general view, and details of the device produced based on the invention are presented. Examples of cold CAP of annular billets made from technical copper M4 and aluminum are given. Annular billets were subjected to CAP at room temperature with a device with the outlet and inlet channels diameters ratio D / d @ 1.14. Annular billets were loaded with a tubular punch by an Instron-1195 testing machine. Diagrams of the loading of annular billets are presented. The results on the mechanical properties under axial compression of annular samples made of metals in the initial state and after CAP are presented. Mechanical tests for axial compression of annular samples were carried out with an Instron-1195 testing machine at a constant loading rate of » 0.83·10-5 ms-1. An increase in the strength of metals as a result of CAP at room temperature was found.

 

Author(s) Details

Afanasiy M. Ivanov

Yakutsk Science Center Federal Research Center, V.P. Larionov Institute of Physical and Technical Problems of the North, 677980 Yakutsk, Russia.

Semen S. Vaschenko

Yakutsk Science Center Federal Research Center, V.P. Larionov Institute of Physical and Technical Problems of the North, 677980 Yakutsk, Russia

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/caert/v5/646

Analyzing Copper Dependent Growth Behaviors in Anabaena azollae Strasburger, an Autochthonous Cyanobacterial Species of Assam | Chapter 4 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

Copper (Cu) is considered as an essential micronutrient that is required in minute quantity for proper functioning of physiochemical reactions in the body of an organism. This microelement plays a significant role during growth and development in plants through different cellular processes. Although, if present in higher quantities can result in toxic effects. Current study was undertaken to view the effect of different ppm concentrations of Cu (II) ions upon the growth and biochemical parameters of Anabaena azollae. Results have disclosed that exposure to a high concentration of Cu causes an evidential effect in growth and biochemical parameters in the test organism.

Author(s) Details:

Nilamjyoti Kalita,
Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Bishmita Boruah,
Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Shaswatee Bhattacharjee,
Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Himamani Kalita,
Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Garima Bora,
Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Partha Pratim Baruah,
Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMAB-V1/article/view/13762

Three Harendong Plants from West Java as a Model for Phytoremediation | Chapter 5 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 7

 In Indonesia harendong are more usually known as Melastoma, ultimate widely known variety is M. malabathricum and M. affine D. Don. Several studies utilizing harendong as subjects frequently called M. malabathricum and M. affine D. Clothe as two different types, but in additional studies referred to it as a synonym. In an work to make harendong as phytoremediation powers, taxonomy question becomes very main, because the plant structure and metabolism of each different type of plant will be various. This research aims to study the morphological alternative and cytogenetic of three harendong plant samples from some places in West Hot beverage made from beans of a tree. The study was conducted on the semantic analysis of flowers, leaves, and ancestries. Observations were carried out during the whole of the flower petals covering the course of rotation, the construction of flower parts. Genetic reasoning was performed by counting the number of chromosomes from root samples utilizing squash accompanying Aceto-carmine staining methods. Based on semantic and cytogenetic study, M. malabathricum is suitable for phytoremediation power. In order to carry out a preliminary showing on the potential of this plant as a phytoremediation power, M. malabathricum L. were grown hydroponically in a mineral solution accompanying different concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu). The plant’s skill to accumulate those weighty metals in root, stem and leaves were also persistent. Fourty eight stems were divided into ten groups contain control group, treatment groups that was administered with PbCl2 (25, 50, 75 μM), CdCl2 (20, 100, 200 μM), CuCl2 (10, 45, 130 μM). The tumor of plant were observed formerly every three era for a month. The remark include measurement of plant climax, root length, and amount of leaves that were produced. The amount of Pb, Cd, and Cu that were accumulated in plant fabric was also calculated at the end of research. Based on cytogenetic reasoning three harendong samples are three different class which are Melastoma malabathricum L., M. affine D. Clothe, dan Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don The study also illustrated that M. malabathricum L. showed undisturbed tumor with 25, 50 and 75 μM PbCl2 situation. The accumulation study result indicate that M. malabathricum is the Pb hoarder plant. This finding may help the development concerning this plant for remediation of Pb-contaminated lands.

Author(s) Details:

R. Yuniati,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

A. Salamah,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

P. A. Miranda,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

R. Oktarina,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

Y. Astrini,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

W. Handayani,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V7/article/view/12898

Zinc, Copper, Magnesium and Glycated Haemoglobin Levels in Obese Individuals | Chapter 3 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 Background: Obesity is a key risk determinant for a variety of weighty disorders linked to minor element metabolism. Zinc, copper, and magnesium all play catalytic, fundamental, and regulatory duties in the body. Obesity can impair their bioavailability.Aim: It is fault-finding to understand united states of america of these elements in obesity in consideration of recognize their connection in obesity difficulties.Materials and Methods: The study included 86 corpulent people and 50 control persons. A abstaining venous sample of 5ml was taken, accompanying 3ml dispensed into a simple container and the remaining 2ml sink a lithium heparin container for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) calculation. The clotted sample was spun, and the antitoxin was extracted for minor element analysis. HbA1c was premeditated using the Karunamnayake and Chandrasekharan method. The Mann and Yoe method was working to estimate magnesium, whereas AAS was utilized to measure policeman and zinc.Results: The mean metallic mineral level of controls was higher than that of corpulent people (p = 0.017). The mean level of corpulence in Class 111 was lower than in Class 1 but not in Class 11 (p = 0.05). Copper's profit decreased in a non-significant habit when BMI increased. Magnesium levels shortened (p = 0.043) as BMI increased. Similarly, as BMI raised, so did HbA1c aggregation (p = 0.019).Conclusion: Obese people have zinc, policeman, and magnesium deficiencies, signifying the necessity to judge trace element concentrations for fear that deficient states and following health consequences.q

Author(s) Details:

I. S. I. Ogbu,
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V4/article/view/10706

Role of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain in Neurotoxic Action of Heavy Metals: Comparison of Cd2+, Hg2+ and Cu2+| Chapter 11 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 2

 The aim of the work was to elucidate the duty of mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) in neurotoxicity of severe metals, such as Cd2+, Hg2+ and Cu2+. In particular, the effects of these bivalent harmonized ions on cell being, intracellular reactive oxygen species era, respiration and mitochondrial sheet potential of rat neuron-like PC12 cell line were intentional in the absence and in the demeanor of various antioxidants and mitochondrial function modulators. As revealed, the metals substitute caused, even though in a different way, dose- and opportunity-dependent changes of all earlier parameters. Noteworthy, beginning from 10 µM and once at short incubation period (3 h), Cd2+ significantly inhibited rates of maximally uncoupled container respiration. In addition, nearly complete suppression of cellular breathing was achieved following in position or time 3 h of incubation with 50 µM Hg2+ or 500 µM Cd2+, inasmuch as even after 48 h of exposure to 500 µM Cu2+, only 50% abolition of respiration accepted place. It has been established that not only differing antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine, butylhydroxytoluene, mannitol, vitamin E, tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) and inhibitors of mitochondrial permeability change (MPT) pores (cyclosporin A, bongkrekic acid, ruthenium red), but also specific mtETC modulators as FCCP (a widely used pretended uncoupler) and stigmatellin (a complex III inhibitor), partially look after from cell damage presented by Cd2+. However, all used mtETC modulators did not look after against Hg2+- or Cu2+-induced container injury. Importantly, stigmatellin was shown expected one of the most powerful protectors against Cd2+-induced container damage, producing a 15-20% increase in container viability. Molecular mechanisms of the difficulty of mtETC in heavy metal-inferred mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and cell cessation are discussed. As a result, the friendship between mtETC and MPT pore has become more transparent.

Author(s) Details:

Elena A. Belyaeva,
Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez pr. 44, 194223, St.-Petersburg, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V2/article/view/8893

Thermo Catalytic Decomposition of Methane over Cu - Al2O3 and 5 - 20wt% Ni - Cu - Al2O3 Catalysts to Produce Hydrogen and Carbon Nanofibers: Experimental Investigation | Chapter 4 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 4

 Hydrogen is an environmentally beneficial fuel with the potential to reduce the use of fossil fuels greatly; yet, it faces numerous important difficulties before it can be widely adopted. TCD (thermo catalytic decomposition of methane) is one of the most useful strategies for fulfilling future demand and, as a result, an appealing approach for COx-free hydrogen synthesis, which is necessary in fuel cells. The combustion of fossil fuels produces a large amount of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulphur oxides. We attempted to create hydrogen utilising Cu-Al2O3 and 5, 10, 15, and 20% wt% Ni modified Ni/Cu-Al2O3 catalysts in this study. Cu-Al2O3 catalysts with 5 wt percent Ni/Cu-Al2O3 catalysts with 20 wt percent Ni/Cu-Al2O3 catalysts with 15 wt percent Ni/Cu-Al2O3 catalysts with 10 wt percent Ni/Cu-Al2O3 catalysts with 10 wt percent Ni/Cu-Al2O3 catalysts with 10 wt percent Ni/Cu-Al2O3 catalysts with 10 It has been discovered that increasing the nickel loadings in Ni/Cu-Al2O3 improves the efficiency of thermo catalytic methane breakdown. The 10wt% Ni/Cu-Al2O3 catalyst has the best catalytic activity of the five produced catalysts. Carbon nanofibers are seen in SEM pictures of catalysts after methane thermocatalytic breakdown. Cu-Al2O3 and 5,10,15, and 20% Ni/Cu-Al2O3 catalysts' XRD patterns exhibited highly crystalline peaks, which could explain the improved catalytic life and production of carbon nanofibers. With a 10wt% Ni/Cu-Al2O3 catalyst, a 70 percent hydrogen production rate was recorded, and hydrogen carbon fibres were discovered, which can be employed as catalyst support.

Author(S) Details

K. Srilatha
ACE Engineering College, Ankushapur, Ghatkesar, Medchal - Malkajgiri District, Hyderabad-501301, Telangana, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V4/article/view/4796

Investigating the Copper Phytotoxicity on in-vitro Culture of Musa acuminata cv. ‘Bantala’ | Chapter 3 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 13

The goal of this study was to see how different copper concentrations affected the growth and development of MUSA ACUMINATA cv. Bantala cultivated in vitro. Because it may exist in different oxidation states in vitro, copper (Cu) is a crucial transition metal that is involved in many physiological processes in plants. When compared to the control (0.1 M copper), the results demonstrated that 1.0 M copper promoted root induction, elongation, and shoot growth. Furthermore, greater levels of copper (100 M) have a toxic effect on banana leaves, causing stunted growth, curling leaves, and full root suppression. At 100 mM copper, copper treatment enhanced photosynthetic pigment content while decreasing carbohydrate and protein levels. This research will aid in the estimation of copper-tolerant plants for the phyoremediation effort.

Author (S) Details

Bandita Deo
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Preetam Kumar Nayak
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V13/article/view/3814

Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging in Late-Onset Wilson’s Disease: Clinical Features and Review of Literature | Chapter 13 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 Wilson's illness is a hereditary ailment that causes copper buildup in numerous tissues all over the world. Wilson's disease is now divided into early-onset and late-onset Wilson's disease based on the start of symptoms. The “Face of a Giant Panda” sign on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed the distinctive bilateral putamena and midbrain tegmental T2 hyperintensity, which are trustworthy imaging findings of Wilson's illness. This chapter's goal was to go over the clinical and magnetic resonance brain imaging alterations in late-onset Wilson's illness.

Author (S) Details

Noha Abdelfattah Ahmed Madkour
Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kasr Alainy hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V4/article/view/2892

Determination of Thermal Diffusive Properties of Silver and Copper | Chapter 15 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 2

 Copper is used extensively in electrical power transmission, plumbing, cookware, and other applications because it is the most abundant and least expensive of the noble and precious metals, such as copper (Cu) island on silver (Ag) with good electrical and thermal conductivity. Silver's chemical stability and strong electrical conductivity are two of its most essential characteristics. Bulk Ag has supplanted less expensive non-noble metals like aluminium as a common material for high-quality reflectors of electromagnetic radiation in the visual range. Diffusion is carried out at three different temperatures: 300, 500, and 700 K. For Ag, the lattice parameter was estimated and compared to experimental results. It has been discovered that as the temperature rises, so does the rate of diffusion. 5.24 10112/s is the diffusion prefactor. The effective energy barrier and diffusion coefficient have Arrhenius plot offers the effective energy barrier value of 143.56 meV and diffusion prefactor value of 5.24 10112/s for 10-atom island, according to previous experimental and theoretical studies. In terms of the theoretical and practical work done so far, the diffusion coefficient and effective energy barrier values are in the same range as for the other islands. Near the island, cracks and dislocations have been discovered at 300 K. These conclusions, on the other hand, are consistent with recent discoveries based on ab-initio electron structure calculations.

Author (S) Details

Zulfiqar Ali Shah
Department of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.

Nimra Arshad
Department of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.

Sidra Sabir
Department of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V2/article/view/2916

Analysing the Heavy Metal Profile in Bottled Water and Sachet Water Samples from Various Markets in Lagos, Nigeria | Chapter 10 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 2

 Water is an essential component of the body's metabolic activities. The World Health Organization has established criteria for drinking water. Water is a life-sustaining beverage that is required for all species to survive. A major public health priority is the provision of safe drinking water. The intake of polluted water causes the majority of ailments in impoverished countries. Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, the amounts of six heavy metals and six trace metals in sachet water samples and bottled water samples collected in Lagos markets, Nigeria, were measured (AAS). Except in the Bevap sachet water, Osan bottled water, Christo bottled water, and Cway bottled water samples, lead contents were below the maximum permitted values. Except for Pringad bottled water, Sunar bottled water, and Cway bottle water samples, as well as Nimbus satchet water, cadmium was not discovered in majority of the water samples. These levels were higher than the WHO's maximum allowed limits. Chromium was detected in trace quantities in all of the water samples tested. All of the other heavy metals tested were below the maximum allowable values. Iron, manganese, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium were also found at non-toxic quantities in the water samples. Heavy metals were found in five sachet water tests and seven bottle water samples, as well as concentrations of lead and cadmium in three satchet water samples and three bottled water samples. This could be hazardous if the population consumes it over an extended period of time.

Author (S) Details

O. E. Bolawa
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.

O. S. Adelusi
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V2/article/view/2659

Research on Separation of Heavy Metals by Utilizing Biomass for Environmental Remediation and 3R | Chapter 4 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 4

 The creation of a recycling-oriented society that follows the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) has become a global necessity. To achieve the 3Rs, contamination must be reduced; specifically, material reuse is unsafe unless it is contaminated to a low level. Soil contaminated with heavy metals, for example, cannot be used as a base material for plant growth because the contamination level exceeds the standard value. Heavy metal-injected wood was once used in buildings due to its resistance to termite attack. It has degraded into construction waste in this day and age. If not treated, the disposal of this wood may endanger the environment. In this study, we first used rice husk charcoal to reduce the mercury content in mine soil and then confirmed its impact on plants. The chromium was then adsorbed and separated from an elution model solution of wood containing chromium-copper-arsenic food using carbonized grape peel as an adsorbent. The copper was then separated using a biopolymer made by saponifying the peel of a mandarin orange. Finally, arsenic was absorbed by a biopolymer derived from chemically modifying zirconia. This study discovered that using biomass charcoal (rice husks) to fix the amount of mercury in the soil has little effect on plants. Furthermore, the use of biomass charcoal (sulfuric acid heat treatment of grape peels), saponified biomass polymers (orange skins), and chemical modifications (zirconium) assisted in the separation of chromium, copper, and arsenic in the chromate copper arsenate-treated wood leachate.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Gusmini
Department of Soil Science, University of Andalas, Padang, Indonesia.

Endar Hidayat
Department of Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Japan.

Hiroyuki Harada
Department of Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Japan.

Katsutoshi Inoue
Department of Applied Chemistry, Saga University, Japan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CIEES-V4/article/view/1623

Research on Phytotherapy and Physiotherapy in Multiple Sclerosis | Chapter 3 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-term autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Its cause is uncertain, however it appears to be linked to axon demyelination in the brain and spinal cord. Multiple sclerosis is an incurable condition in the twenty-first century, despite medical improvements. To halt the progression of MS, we should focus our efforts on reversing the demyelination process and enhancing nerve impulse transmission along the CNS.

In patients with MS, the effects of a daily intake of an alcohol extract of snowdrop or a snowdrop-derived medicine containing nivaline and other biological active substances (BAS) and an alcohol extract of Atropa belladonna or an Atropa belladonna-derived medicine combined with regular electro-magnetic physiotherapeutic procedures were studied.

Results: The use of nivaline and atropine on a daily basis in combination with frequent electromagnetic physiotherapeutic operations appeared to have the ability to reverse the course of MS, resulting in clinical remission in MS patients.

Conclusion: Our findings imply that the treatment regimen presented here has the ability to block the demyelination process in the CNS and activate the remyelination process in MS patients, resulting in clinical remission. Existing medical theories and practises, as well as phytotherapy and physiotherapeutic schemes, have been successfully utilised as a scientific way for treating MS in a single and/or combination manner.

Author(s) Details

V. L. Kaniskov
Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski and the National Academy of Arts, Sofia, Bulgaria and St. Petersburg Society of Phytotherapy, Russian Federation, Russia.

I. E. Iliev
Department of General and Vascular Surgery, General Surgery Resident, Steyr Regional Hospital, Upper Austria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMR-V7/article/view/1050