Standardization of An Efficient Micropropagation Protocol for Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell | Chapter 1 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 6

 

Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, commonly known as “Brahmi,” is a medicinally important plant widely used in Ayurveda for its neuroprotective and memory-enhancing properties. Despite its high medicinal value, large-scale cultivation of B. monnieri using conventional methods is limited by low seed viability, seasonal growth constraints, and habitat degradation. Micropropagation plays an important role in providing a practical solution by enabling the rapid production of disease-free, genetically uniform plantlets in a relatively short period. The present study aimed to standardise an efficient in vitro micropropagation protocol by optimising explant type, surface sterilisation, hormone concentration, and sucrose level. Nodal and leaf segments were selected as explants, sourced from the medicinal garden at the Onattukara Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kayamkulam. Effective surface sterilisation was achieved using 0.1% Bavistin for 30 minutes followed by 0.05% HgCl₂ for 4 minutes, which eliminated contamination while preserving viability. Shoot initiation occurred within 5–8 days, with the highest frequency of multiple shoots observed on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BA or 2 mg/L BA + 1 mg/L. Callus induction was most successful from leaf explants cultured on MS + 2 mg/L 2,4-D + 1 mg/L kinetin, forming friable and regenerative calli within 30–35 days. For rooting, IBA at 3 mg/L promoted direct multiple shoot and root formation, while MS + BAP (5.5 mg/L) + NAA (0.2 mg/L) supported both elongation and rooting. Optimal growth was obtained at pH 5.8 and 3% sucrose, which enhanced shoot number and explant vigour. The present study successfully developed an in vitro micropropagation protocol for Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell is using nodal and leaf explants. The developed protocol is fast, reliable, and reproducible, providing a basis for large-scale clonal propagation, conservation of germplasm, and potential metabolite enhancement in B. monnieri.

 

Author(s) Details

Jyothilekshmi S

Onattukara Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kayamkulam, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, India.

 

Sandra Krishnan
Onattukara Regional Agricultural Research Station, Kayamkulam, Kerala Agricultural University, Kerala, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v6/6606

Developing an Efficient Micropropagation Technique for Citrus aurantifolia: Enhancing Mass Production and Germplasm Conservation |Chapter 8 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 1

 

This study presents an efficient and straightforward method for the micropropagation of Citrus aurantifolia, suitable for mass propagation. The optimal medium for shoot induction was found to be supplemented with 1.5 mg. l-1 of BAP and 1.5 mg. l-1 of KN, yielding a 79.57% response rate and an average of 8.23 shoots per explant. NAA was more effective than IAA for root induction, with a maximum response of 83.52% and an average of 3.24 roots per shoot in medium supplemented with 1.5 mg. l-1 NAA.

 

Author (s) Details

Naorem Bela Devi
College of Community Science, Central Agriculture University, Tura, Meghalaya, 794005, India.

 

Soibam Purnima Devi
College of Community Science, Central Agriculture University, Tura, Meghalaya, 794005, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v1/1995

Asparagus Tissue Culture, Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Improvement: A Review | Chapter 8 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 1

About 200 species are included in the asparagus family, Asparagus officinalis is an economically important worldwide cultivated species consumed as human food and some other species are used as medicinal plants. After a general introduction about the importance and uses of these species, botanical and genetic characteristics, information about the origin of cultivated varieties, world production and breeding problems, this chapter reviews the different studies developed in the wild and cultivated species of Asparagus genera until 2025. We included the tissue culture works such as the different methods of micropropagation in vitro: in vitro seed germination, direct organogenesis, indirect organogenesis, and somatic embryogenesis, (with an overview in two tables, Table 1 presenting the methods developed in micropropagation in A. officinalis, and Table 2 the micropropagation works developed in wild asparagus species). The studies of somaclonal variation has also been reviewed, studies in germplasm preservation (in vitro germplasm banks, in vitro slow growth preservation, and cryopreservation; information about the status of Genetic transformation and genetic edition, about the application of Molecular markers in asparagus breeding; works of Generation of new varieties and Elite genotypes with better agronomical parameters and increased resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. The Manipulation of ploidy in Asparagus sp. such as Polyploidization, Development of “all-male” asparagus genotypes through anther culture, Protoplast culture, Genetic manipulation: Protoplast fusion, Genetic transformation and genome editing, Interspecific hybrid recovery through in vitro rescue of immature embryos. We reviewed the studies about Biotechnological applications: Bioactive compounds; and finally the Future prospects and Conclusions.

We need to conclude that some lines of research (Polyploidization, Protoplast fusion, Genetic transformation, Genome editing, Interspecific hybrid recovery through in vitro rescue of immature embryos,…) need to be completed and extended to other species of asparagus genera to elucidate the problems (climate change, tolerance to pest and diseases, spear growth regulation, the asparagus decline syndrome, etc.) still remaining in the Asparagus genera together with the complementary support of new and emerging technologies.

 

Author (s) Details

Encina C.L.
Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture (IHSM) “La Mayora” (UMA-CSIC) Malaga, Spain.

 

Regalado J.J.
Department of Biology and Geology, Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v1/4840

Ameliorate and Standardization of the In vitro Micropropagation of Night-blooming Jasmine (Cestrum nocturnum L.) | Chapter 11 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

 Night-Blooming Jasmine is individual of the most main ornamental plants all over the experience. But, inadequate duplication rate and disease transmittance hamper it’s education to adjoin the demand of excellence planting material for monetary production. Therefore, an efficient artificial micropropagation protocol is thought-out as one of highest in rank options to overcome this problem. The present study was completed activity to evaluate the micropropagation of Cestrum nocturnum utilizing single nodes and dash tips extracted from compassionate cuttings utilizing MS nutrient media, 30.5 gl-1 Sucrose, 7.5 gl-1 agar and differing concentrations of phyto-hormones in culture medium. The judgments revealed that the using of mercuric chloride (0.05%, HgCl2) for 10 minutes was very effective in blocking contamination and present the highest survival allotment (99%). Maximum response (100%) was worked out at initiation stage from sideways bud explants on MS nutrient medium supplemented accompanying 1.75 mgl-1 of BA with most NAA aggregation. Significant difference in duplication stage was observed between sideways buds & terminal buds, since sideways buds assembled large number of more recent shoots & leaves in addition to more protracted new shoots. At the rooting stage, the situation with 1 mgl-1 IBA gave the capital percentage (%) of ingraining (100%), the highest amount of roots (14.1 root/explants) and the extended roots (8.48 cm) in-particular, on half substance MS medium. Finally plantlets were transferred into containers and acclimatized with 95% success. The key function of the present study on plant fabric and cell sophistication of C. nocturnum in meeting the growing needs and necessities of human beings in the fields of agriculture, silviculture, horticulture and medicine is very powerful.

Author(s) Details:

Md. Ekhlas Uddin,
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka-1344, Bangladesh and Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.

Md. Anwar Hossain,
Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.

Zinia Afrin,
Environmental and Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia-7003, Bangladesh.

Md. Mosharraf Hossen,
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.

Sukalyan Kumar Kundu,
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh.

Md. Fuad Hossain,
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gono Bishwabidyalay, Savar, Dhaka-1344, Bangladesh.

Mohammad Mehedi Hasan Khan,
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Dean, Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V2/article/view/10049

Insight into the In vitro Olive Response to Boron Stress | Chapter 10 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2

 The present research was administered to investigate the reaction of two in vitro increasing olive cultivars to imperfection and toxicity of B in the culture medium. The artificial evaluation plan is a quick method for studying plant response to stress environments; it ensures regularity of methodology and the believeableness of the results obtained. Boron (B) is a minor element element that is to say required for sane plant growth. To date, nothing is popular about the response of artificial growing brownish shoots to B deficiency and toxicity. The current research was completed activity at tissue breeding laboratory of Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt. Olive shoots of ‘Aggezi Shami’ and ‘Picual’ cultivars were mature on Rugini Olive Media (ROM) supplemented accompanying five B concentrations (0, 12.6 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1 of boric acid). Our results indicated that B inadequacy and toxicity had a negative effect on in vitro growing brownish shoots of both cultivars. Control and 50 mg L-1 of B presented higher principles of olive dash growth limits. Olive shoots exhibited a moderate chlorotic presence and high shoots death with 0 and 150 mg L-1 B. By growing B concentration of the breeding medium B contents in explant raised as well as chlorophyll essences declined in answer to increased B aggregation in the culture medium. Shoots grown on boron-free medium more showed a important reduction when distinguished to control treatments. To boron, the 'Aggezi Shami' cv. was more stress easygoing than the 'Picual' cv.

Author(s) Details:

Abdou M. Abdallatif,
Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

Ibrahim Hmmam,
Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V2/article/view/10048

Production of Synthetic Seed from Encapsulated Nodal Segments of Giloe (Tinospora cordifolia Willd.)| Chapter 11 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 2

Tinospora cordifolia (Cordifolia Tinospora) (Willd.) Miers, also known as giloe, is a plant that belongs to the Menispermaceae family and is used for medicinal purposes, mainly in Ayurveda to treat various ailments.

Standardization of encapsulation matrix and hardening solution concentrations impacting the frequency of germination of Tinospora cordifolia synthetic seeds recorded by efficient plantlet regeneration

Plant Tissue Culture & Genetic Transformation Laboratory, Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India, conducted the current study from 2017 to 2020.

Encapsulation of nodal segments of Tinospora cordifolia removed from 18-month-old in vitro generated plants for short-term conservation and future propagation was acknowledged as a method. For a steady supply to meet ever-increasing needs and sustainable resource exploitation, conservation techniques must be employed. To maximise amalgamation and create homogeneous beads, several concentrations and combinations of the gelling matrix, sodium alginate, and the complexing agent, calcium chloride, were used.

2.5 percent sodium alginate and 100 mM calcium chloride were found to be the optimal gelling composition. Murashiage and Skoog's medium, supplemented with 2.0 mgl-1 BAP and 0.2 mgl-1 NAA, yielded the highest conversion rate of encapsulated beads. Hardened, acclimatised, and established regenerants were hardened, acclimatised, and established in net house conditions before being monitored in the field.

The process for producing syn seeds in giloe (Tinospora cordifolia) was standardised in this study. Through artificial seed production, the current technology offers a viable tactic for multiplication, conservation, and germplasm exchange.

Author(s) Details:

Sonali Singh,
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002, M.P., India.

M. K. Tripathi,
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002, M.P., India.


Sushma Tiwari,
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002, M.P., India.

Niraj Tripathi,
Directorate of Research Services, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, M. P., India.

G. Tejovathi,
VISM Group of Studies, Gwalior, 474002 M.P., India.

Ashok Ahuja,
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, RVS Agricultural University, Gwalior, 474002, M.P., India.

Sharad Tiwari,
Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, M.P., India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V2/article/view/6697

Investigating the Copper Phytotoxicity on in-vitro Culture of Musa acuminata cv. ‘Bantala’ | Chapter 3 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 13

The goal of this study was to see how different copper concentrations affected the growth and development of MUSA ACUMINATA cv. Bantala cultivated in vitro. Because it may exist in different oxidation states in vitro, copper (Cu) is a crucial transition metal that is involved in many physiological processes in plants. When compared to the control (0.1 M copper), the results demonstrated that 1.0 M copper promoted root induction, elongation, and shoot growth. Furthermore, greater levels of copper (100 M) have a toxic effect on banana leaves, causing stunted growth, curling leaves, and full root suppression. At 100 mM copper, copper treatment enhanced photosynthetic pigment content while decreasing carbohydrate and protein levels. This research will aid in the estimation of copper-tolerant plants for the phyoremediation effort.

Author (S) Details

Bandita Deo
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Preetam Kumar Nayak
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Regional Plant Resource Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V13/article/view/3814