Synthesis and Leaching of Zirconium-rich Alkali-resistant Glasses Containing Heavy Metals Present in Fly Ashes Incineration |Chapter 4 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 6

 

Glasses containing zirconium are used to produce glass fibres due to their alkali-resistant nature. The presence of zirconium slows the deterioration of the glasses. This study developed a process for producing alkali-resistant zirconium-containing glasses for use as a heavy metal retention matrix contained in fly ashes. These alkali-resistant zirconium-containing glasses were synthesised to undergo leaching tests. To synthesize these alkali-resistant glasses, 5 glass compositions were developed: two alkali-resistant model glasses type CEMFIL, V1 (with zirconium and without heavy metals) and V2 (with zirconium and heavy metals) and three glasses of fly ashes V3 (without zirconium and with heavy metals), V4 (with 30 % of V3, zirconium and heavy metals) and V5 (with 60% of V3, zirconium and heavy metals). V4 and V5 were obtained using V3 as raw material and supplementing with SiO2, ZrO2 and Na2O to give them alkali-resistant properties. Chemical composition of the various glasses was determined by a micro-analyser with an ion probe or electron microprobe of brand CAMECA SX50 with a potential difference of about 10 kV at Paris VI University. Differential thermal analyses, structural analyses, as well as the observation of the surface of the glasses were carried out at the CNRS/CEMHTI laboratory in Orléans. Differential thermal analysis showed a glass transition temperature Tg of 656°C for V1, 616°C for V2, 615°C for V3, 641°C for V4 and 664°C for V5. Extremely small peaks of alumina have been observed on the V1, V2 and V3 glasses and peaks of ZrO2 only on the V5 glass. Surface analysis of glasses showed that they were essentially homogeneous, although we noted the presence of some heterogeneities: V1 and V2 with small crystals of ZrO2, V3 had a slight crystallisation of Fe chromite spinel (CrO4), and V5 contained large crystals rich in zirconium. Glasses leaching in basic medium led to the development of hydrated film on the glass surface characterised by hydrogen enrichment and sodium depletion irrespective of the glass. After static leaching tests in a basic medium, SEM and electron microprobe analyses revealed that all glasses were covered with a weathering film. These weathering films were enriched in zirconium (V1, V2, V4, and V5) and depleted in Na. Glasses V4 and V5 had the most zirconium-enriched alteration films and also appeared to be the least affected.

 

Author(s) Details

K.M. Mbemba
Université Paris-Est Marne-la Vallée, 5 Boulevard Descartes 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France, Université Marien NGOUABI, Unité de Chimie du Végétal et de la Vie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, B.P. 69, Brazzaville, République du Congo and Centre de Recherche et d’innovation des Projets de Technologie (CRIPT), Cité Scientifique, Avenue de Gascogne, Brazzaville, République du Congo.

 

S. Djanarthany
Université Paris-Est Marne-la Vallée, 5 Boulevard Descartes 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France.

 

G. Matzen
Université d’Orléans, CNRS/CEMHTI, 1D Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France.

 

Please see the book here :-https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v6/6751

 

Nano-Biocatalysts for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater and Sustainability | Chapter 3 | Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 4

Biochemical and Physicochemical technology in water and wastewater treatment engineering is essential in the field of water treatment. Water is the source of life. Almost 70% of an adult's weight is composed of water 20% of the loss of water is life threatening. In our daily lives, about 2500 mL of water would be discharged. through breathing, sweating, and other vital activities. Wastewater is rich in heavy metals from the electroplating industry. A microbial fuel cell is a technique for producing electricity while treating wastewater. Eliminating heavy metals and other pollutants from wastewater has grown to be a major global issue. To address this issue, numerous technologies have been developed. Because of the exceptional qualities that come with nanotechnology, heavy metals may now be removed from contaminated water. As a result, several Nanomaterials have been developed to address this issue. The current chapter focuses on innovative Nanomaterials, such as those based on carbon, zero-valet metals, metal-oxide bases, and nanocomposites, and how these can be used to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater. The combined efforts of chemists, engineers, and material scientists are required to address these issues. In recent years, as Nanomaterials have gained popularity worldwide in the field of water and wastewater purification, nanotechnology, Biochemical and physic-chemical Technology have also brought modernity to the treatment of wastewater and water. This chapter mainly focuses on different ways to remove heavy metals, and the mechanisms responsible for their removal and environmental Sustainability.

 

Author(s) Details

P. Sateesh

Department of Physics, St Peter’s Engineering College, Hyderabad-500100, India.

K. Gopinath

Department of Chemistry, St Peter’s Engineering College, Hyderabad-500100, India.

A. Rajesh

Department of Physics, St Peter’s Engineering College, Hyderabad-500100, India.

N. Maramu

Department of Physical Science, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science Warangal-506015, India.

N. Hemanth

Department of Physics, St Peter’s Engineering College, Hyderabad-500100, India.

V. Sunilkumar

Department of Physical Science, Kakatiya Institute of Technology and Science Warangal-506015, India.

P. Sivakumar

Department of Physics, St Peter’s Engineering College, Hyderabad-500100, India.

S. Rajyalakshmi

Department of Chemistry, St Peter’s Engineering College, Hyderabad-500100, India.

M. Rajesh

Department of Physics, St Peter’s Engineering College, Hyderabad-500100, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v4/887

A Study on Heavy Metal Soil Contamination in Cocoa Plantations in South West Region, Cameroon | Chapter 3 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 10

In Cameroon, like in many other developing countries, agricultural practices rely heavily on agrochemicals to prevent and/or control the crops threatening diseases. The status of heavy metal contamination of surface soils in two cocoa plantations of approximately 30 years in Cameroon was evaluated. The study area is located to the West of the Mungo River, where significant limestone and isolated basaltic rocks are exposed, while in the north (around Ediki) isolated shaley units are exposed. Limestone and recent alluvium occur closer to the banks of the Mungo River. Two farms, referred to henceforth as Farm A and B, were included in the study. The bioavailable fractions of Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr were used to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination using a selection of contamination indices. In addition, other physicochemical properties including organic matter, particle size, CEC and pH were also assessed. One of the farms was dominated by sand (64.56% - 73.46% sand) in contrast to the other (2.56% to 37.51%) and the latter had a higher clay content. The order of abundance of heavy metals, as expressed by the mean values, is as follows Fe > Cu > Zn > Cr > Cd in soils from the two areas. The contamination Factors of Cu-, Zn- and Cd are considerable for clay-dominated soil. The potential ecological risk of the metals in both soils was low with the exception of Cd in the clayey soil. Results for hazard assessment showed Cu levels were within the low ISQC sediment criteria in the clay-dominated soil; possibly linked to the long-term application of Cu-fungicide. This suggests that Cu, Zn and Cr inputs to the soils may be attributable to anthropogenic activities, specifically agriculture. In conclusion, among the elements, Cu levels are within the low ISQC sediment criteria in soil B. Its concentration is associated with the long-term application of Cu-fungicide. Cd levels in soil B, are of high ecological risk following the Er index.

 

Author (s) Details

Veronica Ebot Manga
Department of Environmental Science, University of Buea, Cameroon.

 

Bridget Ngeminy Fru
Department of Environmental Science, University of Buea, Cameroon.

 

Godwin Yinda Sendze
Department Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v10/5080

Removal of Cadmium (II) from Aqueous Solution through Adsorption using Wood Biochar: Kinetics and Isotherms Studies | Chapter 7 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 8

Removal of cadmium ions through adsorption has been investigated by locally available wood biochar. The motivations of the present study were to investigate the application of this wood biochar in the field of environmental problems, so that wood biochar would be more valuable for the community. Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Redlich-Peterson, Sips, Flory-Huggins, Fowler-Guggenheim, and Harkin-Jura isotherms were used to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. Similarly, pseudo-first-order, Pseudo-second order, Intra-particle diffusion, and liquid film diffusion models were used to study the kinetics of adsorption. The sorption process is favorable with a monolayer formation and predominantly physical adsorption when the equilibrium is attained. The negative value of Gibbs free energy (ΔGo) indicates that the adsorption process is thermodynamically spontaneous and feasible. The presence of repulsion between the adsorbed molecules was also confirmed. The maximum adsorption capacity (q_max) was 28.57 mg/g. The kinetics of the adsorption process follows Pseudo-second order and is also controlled by diffusion through the liquid film. It also confirms the existence of boundary layer influence by Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion. From these studies, the wood biochar could be used as an adsorbent for the efficient treatment of Cd (II) from an aqueous solution.

 

Author (s) Details

 

H. Lalhruaitluanga
Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.

 

Lalremruata Hauhnar
Department of Zoology, Government Champhai College, Champhai, Mizoram, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v8/2944

Chromium: Path from Economic Development to Environmental Toxicity | Chapter 7 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 1

This article described the role of metals and metalloids, particularly chromium (Cr), in India's scientific and industrial development. It highlights the significant economic contribution of industries such as tanneries, which predominantly utilize Cr, especially in the regions like Kanpur, West Bengal, and Vellore district of Tamil Nadu, contributing significant revenue during the period 2022-2023. These are mostly operated by small and medium scale industries, and crucial for India's economic growth. However, their operations raise environmental and health concerns due to the discharge of Cr-containing effluents into ecosystems, adversely affecting soil health, crop yield, and posing carcinogenic risks. The article underscores the paradox of industrial development in India, a country with a rapidly growing population projected to reach 1.66 billion by 2050, necessitating 400 million tonnes of food grain. While, industrial growth has improved living standards, it also introduces pollution challenges. The tannery industry, a significant employer, exemplifies this issue with its Cr-laden waste impacting both human health through food chain contamination and agricultural productivity. This work examines the dual impact of Cr on India's economy and environment. It discusses the urgent need for balanced agricultural and industrial development to support each other while minimizing ecosystem deterioration. The focus is on the urgent requirement for effective management strategies to handle the large volumes of industrial waste, particularly from the tannery industry. The article also explores modern and traditional methods to minimize, reduce, or immobilize Cr in soil, aiming to mitigate its uptake by food crops and address the associated health risks. In essence, it provides a comprehensive analysis of Cr's economic importance, environmental challenges, and potential remediation strategies in the context of India's developmental trajectory.

Author(s) Details:

M. L. Dotaniya,
ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur-321303, India.

M. D. Meena,
ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur-321303, India.

M. K. Meena,
ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur-321303, India.

R. L. Choudhary,
ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur-321303, India.

R. K. Doutaniya,
Department of Agronomy, SKN College of Agriculture, Jobner-303329, India.

K. Kumar,
ICAR Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota-324002, India.

C. K. Dotaniya,
Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, SKRAU, Bikaner-334006, India.

H. M. Meena,
ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur-342 003, India.

D. K. Yadav,
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal-462038, India.

Anita Meena,
ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner-334006, India.

R. S. Jat,
ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur-321303, India.

P. K. Rai,
ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur-321303, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAEGES-V1/article/view/14122

Analyzing Copper Dependent Growth Behaviors in Anabaena azollae Strasburger, an Autochthonous Cyanobacterial Species of Assam | Chapter 4 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

Copper (Cu) is considered as an essential micronutrient that is required in minute quantity for proper functioning of physiochemical reactions in the body of an organism. This microelement plays a significant role during growth and development in plants through different cellular processes. Although, if present in higher quantities can result in toxic effects. Current study was undertaken to view the effect of different ppm concentrations of Cu (II) ions upon the growth and biochemical parameters of Anabaena azollae. Results have disclosed that exposure to a high concentration of Cu causes an evidential effect in growth and biochemical parameters in the test organism.

Author(s) Details:

Nilamjyoti Kalita,
Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Bishmita Boruah,
Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Shaswatee Bhattacharjee,
Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Himamani Kalita,
Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Garima Bora,
Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Partha Pratim Baruah,
Plant Ecology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMAB-V1/article/view/13762

Three Harendong Plants from West Java as a Model for Phytoremediation | Chapter 5 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 7

 In Indonesia harendong are more usually known as Melastoma, ultimate widely known variety is M. malabathricum and M. affine D. Don. Several studies utilizing harendong as subjects frequently called M. malabathricum and M. affine D. Clothe as two different types, but in additional studies referred to it as a synonym. In an work to make harendong as phytoremediation powers, taxonomy question becomes very main, because the plant structure and metabolism of each different type of plant will be various. This research aims to study the morphological alternative and cytogenetic of three harendong plant samples from some places in West Hot beverage made from beans of a tree. The study was conducted on the semantic analysis of flowers, leaves, and ancestries. Observations were carried out during the whole of the flower petals covering the course of rotation, the construction of flower parts. Genetic reasoning was performed by counting the number of chromosomes from root samples utilizing squash accompanying Aceto-carmine staining methods. Based on semantic and cytogenetic study, M. malabathricum is suitable for phytoremediation power. In order to carry out a preliminary showing on the potential of this plant as a phytoremediation power, M. malabathricum L. were grown hydroponically in a mineral solution accompanying different concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu). The plant’s skill to accumulate those weighty metals in root, stem and leaves were also persistent. Fourty eight stems were divided into ten groups contain control group, treatment groups that was administered with PbCl2 (25, 50, 75 μM), CdCl2 (20, 100, 200 μM), CuCl2 (10, 45, 130 μM). The tumor of plant were observed formerly every three era for a month. The remark include measurement of plant climax, root length, and amount of leaves that were produced. The amount of Pb, Cd, and Cu that were accumulated in plant fabric was also calculated at the end of research. Based on cytogenetic reasoning three harendong samples are three different class which are Melastoma malabathricum L., M. affine D. Clothe, dan Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don The study also illustrated that M. malabathricum L. showed undisturbed tumor with 25, 50 and 75 μM PbCl2 situation. The accumulation study result indicate that M. malabathricum is the Pb hoarder plant. This finding may help the development concerning this plant for remediation of Pb-contaminated lands.

Author(s) Details:

R. Yuniati,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

A. Salamah,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

P. A. Miranda,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

R. Oktarina,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

Y. Astrini,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

W. Handayani,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V7/article/view/12898

Analysis of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistant Microbiome from Hospital Wastewater Effluent in Aizawl, Mizoram | Chapter 2 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 

Effluents from hospital wastewater are recognized as important sources of antibiotic and heavy metal resistant bacteria and might play a role in the removal and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. The release of resistant bacteria to the receiving environment can pose public health impact. The microbiome analysis was carrying out from wastewater soils of hospitals in Aizawl city, Mizoram, India. According to 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing, the isolated bacteria from the wastewater soils were found to be mainly of Morganella morganii and Bacillus cereus. These isolated bacteria were found to be highly resistant to a wide range of antibiotics and heavy metals. The antibiotic resistance profiles of these isolated bacteria were analyzed. The strains HC and HR possessed a high level of resistance to different antibiotics, and both grew remarkably well even at 200 mg/ml of ampicillin, 100 μg/ml of kanamycin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin even at a concentration of 50 mg/ml could not inhibit the growth of the HC strains. The level of resistance was also remarkably high when compared to earlier reports of antibiotic resistance observed in the corresponding bacteria. Our results suggested that the high level of resistance is probably conferred by the continued exposure to antibiotics from hospital effluent leading to a selected population of highly antibiotics resistant bacteria. The heavy metal resistance profile of the isolated species was studied. The HC and the HR strains show high resistance to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) compared to the control (DH5α).

Author(s) Details:

Lalremruata Hauhnar,
Department of Zoology, Govt. Champhai College, Champhai, Mizoram, India.

Lallianmawii Pachuau,
Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.

H. Lalhruaitluanga,
Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V4/article/view/10128

State-of-the-art Technology to Stabilize Heavy Metal in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash Using Natural Zeolite | Chapter 1 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 Stabilizing difficult metals in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) fly ruins by using open zeolite is one of the state-of-the-skill technologies. The current study attracted on the sorption process of heavy metals by requesting mordenite, an inexpensive open zeolite adsorbent, and assessing the productiveness of the treatment of fly ruins. Batch experiments were conducted to review the effects of the powerful parameters, to a degree the initial ore ion concentration, the liquid-to-solid (L/S) percentage, the dosage of the adsorbent, and the evenness concentration of the mineral, on the immobilization of Pb2+ and Zn2+. Heavy metal counterweight efficiency increased accompanying increasing the portion of drug or other consumable of mordenite, influenced for one media-distinguishing surface area. Heavy metal adsorption is from various adsorption processes and ion exchange mechanisms. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were examined using the adsorption dossier. The adsorption process is better in the Freundlich isotherm model with a extreme determination cooperative (R2), especially for the adsorption of Pb2+. The effects raise hopes for the use of mordenite as a low-cost substance to treat MSWI flee ash. The verdicts indicate that harmonized (Pb2+ and Zn2+) immobilization by mordenite is technically doable and seems expected very effective. Furthermore, treated flee ash can be secondhand as a construction material.

Author(s) Details:

Mitali Nag,
Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Amirhomayoun Saffarzadeh,
Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Takayuki Shimaoka,
Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V6/article/view/10098

Removal of NI (II) Ion using Low Cost Carbonaceous Sorption - A Descriptive Study | Chapter 7 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 3

Water contamination has been a major issue in recent decades as a result of heavy metal ions prevalent in water bodies. Nickel (II) is widely found in industrial effluent from many forms of heavy metal. In our environment, NI (II) has a number of negative consequences. It endangers not just the ecology but also humans. Activated carbon is extensively utilised as an adsorbent in heavy metal removal via adsorption studies. The use of activated carbon in the water treatment process is expensive. However, heavy metals must be eliminated from industrial water. The researchers like the idea of using a low-cost adsorbent instead of commercially available activated carbon compounds. The purpose of this study is to aid in the hunt for lower-cost adsorbents. Experiments on Nickel removal by adsorption on Corn Ash (CA) and Straw Ash (SA) are compared in this study (SA). These adsorbents are low-cost, non-conventional materials that may be used to clean water and waste water by adsorption. The activation process was developed to increase the material's high surface area and adsorption capability. The goal of this project is to give data for the development of a cost-effective waste water treatment facility for wastewater discharged by various companies. The degree of heavy metal adsorption is said to be determined by experimental factors such as contact duration, adsorbent dose, and solution PH. The effect of these factors on the amount of NI (II) ions extracted from CA and SA by adsorption has been studied. Various operating circumstances have a substantial influence on metal removal, according to the metal removal experiments.

Author(s) Details:

K. Thara,
R&D Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India and SSM Institute of Engineering &Technology, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.

A. Jansi Priya,
G. T. N Arts College, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.

M. S. Dheenadayalan,
Department of Chemistry, G. T. N Arts College, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V3/article/view/7064

Analysis and Toxicity of Some Heavy Metals and Organic Acids in Ficus carica (Common Fig) in Sulaimani / Kurdistan-Iraq | Chapter 4 | Emerging Challenges in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 1

 Serpentine soil is made up of minerals high in magnesium, such as chrysotile, lizardite, and antigorite. The fig tree (Ficus carica) is a globally important plant. It is a nutritive food that is also employed in industrial processes. The distribution of heavy metal concentrations such as Nickel, Cobalt, Zinc, and Manganese in different portions of this plant, such as its leaves, stems, and fruits, is investigated in this study. The organic acid content, which included citric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid, was also calculated. The researched location is Kunjirin, a village in Mawat town located in the northwest extension of the Zagros-fold-thrust belt. Kurdistan Region of Iraq, north-east of Sulaimani Province. Except for zinc, the results demonstrate that there are considerable disparities in heavy metal levels among plant organs. The fruits have the lowest concentration of heavy metals, whereas the leaves have the highest concentration. Furthermore, the organic acids were distributed unevenly throughout the plant organs. The stem, on the other hand, had the lowest level of organic acid, whilst the fruit region of the plant had the highest concentration of organic acids. The results of this study show that the levels of heavy metals in the fruit are within legally permissible limits. This means that both humans and animals are capable of eating such fruits.

Author (S) Details

Othman Abdulrahman Mohammed
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Technical College of Applied Science in Halabja, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq and Research Center, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq.

Mohammed Rawf Hussain
Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq.

Osama Hamid Shareef
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Technical College of Applied Science in Halabja, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq and Research Center, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq.

Abdullah Ahmed Hama
Research Center, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq and Department of Medical Laboratory, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq and Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, University of Human Development, Kurdistan, Iraq.

Sardar Mohammed Weli
Research Center, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq and Department of Nursing, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq.

Fatimah Mohammed Ali
Research Center, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq and Department of Nursing, Sulaimani Technical Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq.

Sabiha Sharif Salih
Research Center, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq and Department of Medical Laboratory, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kurdistan, Iraq.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECAFS-V1/article/view/3097

Bark of Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica) as Bioindicator for Deposition of Heavy Metals around Katsina Steel Rolling Company in Katsina Township | Chapter 2 | Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 3

 In this study, the bark of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is used as a bio-indicator to monitor heavy metal pollution in Katsina township. Heavy metals can be absorbed by plants through their roots from the soil and water, as well as through their leaves from the atmosphere. Heavy metal uptake, accumulation, and translocation Metal concentrations in plants may differ between species due to anatomical and physiological differences. Yells are taken from four different locations in Katsina township, including; Katsina Steel Rolling Company is a steel rolling company in Katsina, Nigeria. Kofar Kwaya Round-about (Site A), Kofar Yandaka Round-about (Site B), and Kofar Yandaka Round-about (Site C). Plantation of neem trees adjacent to the Nigeria Army Barracks in Natsinta (Site D). The samples are tested for Iron, Manganese, Copper, Lead, Cobalt, Chromium, Nickel and Zinc using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results obtained reveal heavy metal levels (µgg– 1) ranging from 52.50 – 196.25 (Fe), 19.50 – 34.25 (Mn), 2.41 – 8.43(Zn), <0.01 – 18.75(Cr), 3.01 – 11.50(Co), <0.01 – 3.50 (Pb), 1.00 – 4.25(Ni) and 0.13 – 2.75(Cu) across the four sites. The results also show the Iron concentrations correlate significantly with distance from the Steel Rolling Company, which also serves as a source of contamination. The heavy metal burdens from site A are the highest, while those from site D are the lowest, indicating a slight relationship between heavy metal loads and site distance from the contamination point, with the concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn being the only exception. Among the heavy metals examined, Fe has the highest concentration, while Cu has the lowest. It is concluded that neem bark is an effective bio-monitor for measuring air quality.

 Author(s) Details

A. Fowotade Sulayman
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Nigeria.

Hamisu Abdu
Department of Polymer Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Nigeria.

A. Abdullah Saidu
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Nigeria.

Fadhila Ahmad
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Nigeria.

J. Zainab Suleiman
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Nigeria.

Saleh, Isyaku
Department of Polymer Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V3/article/view/1407

Assessment of the Occurrence and Concentration of Heavy Metals in Spring Waters | Chapter 6 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 4

 The goal of this study was to determine the presence and amounts of heavy metals in spring waters and whether they were safe to drink. There were eight (8) heavy metals recorded (Mn, Cu, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Ni). Manganese, chromium, lead, iron, and cadmium levels were found to be beyond permitted levels, which might be attributable to a geogenic source aggravated by seasonal and human factors. The concentrations of some of these metals were significant, posing a major health danger to spring water consumers. As a result, while spring waters are not acceptable for drinking, they can be used for other household purposes.

Author(s) Details

Anyanwu, Emeka Donald
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture,Umudike, Nigeria.

Adetunji, Onyinyechi Gladys
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-4/article/view/1055