Antimicrobial Resistance and Phenotypic Detection of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase in Entero bacteriaceae Isolated from Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 

Introduction: Urinary tract infections can affect all individuals, regardless of gender and age, occupying a prominent place in nephrological pathology. The major issue is that pathology with a wide range of antibiotics and other hygiene measures that can remedy it remains so frequent with sometimes serious complications that can compromise the vital prognosis. Extended-spectrum \(\beta\)-lactamases (ESBLs) are a group of diverse, complex, and rapidly evolving plasmid-mediated enzymes that today pose a major therapeutic challenge in the treatment of hospitalized and community patients.

 

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to determine the antibiogram profile of enterobacteria in urinary infections. This study assesses the beta-lactam resistance and detects extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections.

 

Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study with an analytical aim of enterobacteria isolated from urinary infections from samples from patients of all ages from January 1, 2020, to October 21, 2022. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for all enterobacteria was done using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines.

 

Results: The isolated enterobacteria strains presented high rates of resistance, i.e. 92.61% for Ampicillin, 47.94% for cefadroxil, 45.14% for cefuroxime, and 46.46% for cefotaxime, 72.86% for amoxicillin and 40.44% for amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. Qualitative detection of extended-spectrum Beta-Lactamase was generally evaluated at 24.8% with peaks for Citrobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., and E coli. For the latter, cross-resistance to quinolones was evaluated in proportions ranging from 49.45% to 85.51%.

 

Conclusion: This situation poses a significant public health challenge and highlights the urgent need to improve sanitation and implement antibiotic stewardship in developing countries. This study shows that the level of resistance of enterobacteria to beta-lactams is very high. We have observed co-resistance between beta-lactams and quinolones, antibiotics commonly used against Gram-negative bacteria. This observation requires an improvement in the antibiotic management policy.

 

Author(s) Details

Kasamba Ilunga Éric
Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, DR Congo.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v5/1400

Significance of Heat Treatment in Reduction of Antibiotic Residues from Livestock Food Products| Chapter 1 | Current Perspectives in Agriculture and Food Science Vol. 9

The primary objective of every country is to guarantee the availability of safe food resources for its consumers. However, more recently increase in the occurrences of antibiotic drug residues in livestock products has posed a major public health issue around the globe particularly in developing countries. The use of antibiotic drugs in livestock production cannot be avoided. It is being used as a therapeutic, prophylactic and even as growth promoters. However, the irrational use of antibiotics in livestock has led to the accumulation of its residues in animal tissues and their products. The deposition of residues in food originating from livestock animals is a critical problem in many countries and the problem is more serious in developing countries around the world, due to their potential health hazards. Generally, the residues are more procedurally estimated on uncooked meat, but meat food undergoes a varying degree of heat treatment during the cooking process, therefore information on the heat stability of antibiotics is an important area of research to give a more accurate estimate of consumer’s exposure to these antibiotic compounds and their metabolites. The reduction of antibiotic residues in meat and meat products is influenced by the dual effect of time and temperature during heat treatment. Cooking methods cannot totally eliminate antibiotic residues from food, but they can possibly decrease the concentration of residues. Therefore to enhance food safety, drug withdrawal periods should be strictly followed and residue limits should be strictly enforced, at the same time use of drugs with shorter withdrawal periods should be encouraged.

 

 

Author (s) Details

Kuleswan Pame
Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agriculture University, North Lakhimpur, India.

 

S.K. Laskar
Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agriculture University, North Lakhimpur, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpafs/v9/1547

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of the Leaf and Seed Extracts of Moringa oleifera on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Chapter 4 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 7

The aim of the study was to ascertain the antimicrobial activities of the extract of Moringa oliferea leaf and seed, to compare the size of the inhibition zone on bacteria isolates, and to ascertain the different concentration of Moringa oleifera seed and leaf that shows inhibition. For thousands of years, ancient people depended mostly on flowers, barks, leaves and fruits of plants for medicine. Only recently have synthetic drugs, most of which are similar to compounds identified in plants, come into use. Information on the activities and curative actions of medicinal plants was obtained from the introduction of the European scientific method. Specifically, this study focused on the antimicrobial activity of alcohol (ethanol) and aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera seed and leaf on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plant material of Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds used in this study was collected from Dilomat Farms and Service Limited in Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu–Oroworuwku, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of the seed and leaf at a concentration of 10g/100ml and the diluted ethanol and aqueous extracts at concentrations of 0.1g/ml, 0.2g/ml, 0.4g/ml, 0.6g/ml and 0.8g/ml were impregnated into sterilized filter paper discs. Also, ethanol alone was impregnated into sterilized filter paper discs and used as a control. The agar disc diffusion method was adopted to obtain zones of inhibition. The zones of inhibition obtained for ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera seed for Staphylococcus aureus was 12 mm, Escherichia coli was 13 mm and Pseudomonas aerucginora was 10 mm. The ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf gave an inhibitory zone of 11 mm for Staphylococcus aureus, 10mm for Escherichia coli, and 9mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Different degrees of inhibition were observed for the diluted ethanol extracts of Moringa oleifera seed. The diluted ethanol extracts of Moringa oleifera leaf were resistant to the test organisms at concentrations of 0.1g/ml, and 0.6g/ml but were sensitive at concentrations of 0.8g/ml. The aqueous and diluted aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera seed and leaf were resistant to the test organisms. The zones of inhibition obtained for ethanol alone on the test organisms ranged between 8mm and 10mm. The degree of the zone of inhibition differs, however, the ethanol extracts exhibited the highest inhibitory effect than the aqueous extracts. This study revealed that Moringa oleifera seed and leaf extracts are potential antimicrobial agents. It should be used successfully for treating food poisoning, wound, diarrhea, dysentery, boil, sexually transmitted diseases and arthritis caused by the test organisms. The addition of Moringa oleifera to meals is highly recommended. Additionally, there is a need for detailed scientific study of traditional medical practices to ensure that valuable therapeutic knowledge of some plants is preserved and to provide scientific evidence for their efficacies.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Mbata Christian A
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Adegoke O. Adebayo
Madonna University Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria.

 

Nwagu Chinyere
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.

 

Dimkpa Cecilia
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v7/2470

Effect of Moringa Leaf (Moringa oleifera) Meal as Natural Feed Additives on the Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken: An Investigation | Chapter 12 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 9

 Moringa oleifera (Moringa oleifera) belongs to the single genus monogeneric family Moringaceae and is well distributed in Africa and Asia. Apart from being a good source of vitamins and amino acids, it has medicinal uses. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary moringa leaf meal (MLM) as a natural alternative to antibiotics on the growth performance, meat quality, and carcass yield of broiler chicken. This study was conducted at the broiler experimental shed, Poultry Research Center of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute Savar, Dhaka.  A total of 270-day-old broiler chicks were randomly weighed and assigned to six dietary treatments having 45 birds in each. Each dietary treatment had three replicates of 15 birds and was reared in floor pens. Chicks were distributed in 4 different inclusion levels of MLM in diets; 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% with 2 control diets negative and positive. The birds were fed the experimental diets and water was provided without restriction throughout the experimental period. The results showed a significant (P<0.05) effect on final body weight and weight gain in dietary supplementation of 1.5% MLM as compared to that of the control group. Better feed conversion (1.53) was observed in the 1.5% MLM group. Different levels of MLM exhibit significant influence on the meat yield performance of broilers. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) observed among the average live weight, thigh meat, wing meat, drumstick meat, gizzard, and abdominal fat of broilers. Breast meat, heart, liver, large intestine, and dressing percentages showed significant differences. Lower mortality was found on a diet supplemented with MLM. Adding moringa leaf meal did not affect (≥0.05)0.05) internal organ development but improved dressing parameters and dressing yield.  It can be concluded that 1.5% MLM in broiler diets might be used as a natural feed additive for enhancing growth performance, organ development, meat yield, and serum cholesterol of broilers as well as an alternative feed ingredient to oxytetracycline.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Md. Sazedul Karim Sarker
Poultry Research Center (PRC), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

 

Farhana Sharmin
Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan and SSO, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

 

Md. Masud Rana
Poultry Research Center (PRC), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

 

Shakila Faruque
Poultry Research Center (PRC), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

 

Halima Khatun
Poultry Research Center (PRC), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

 

Nathu Ram Sarker
Poultry Research Center (PRC), Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

 

Sadman Sakib Zihan
SPRD Project, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

 

Md. Nazrul Islam
Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka-1341, Bangladesh.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v9/1837

Determining the Effect of Natural Antibiotics on Selected Clinical Isolates from Minna General Hospital, Niger State, Nigeria | Chapter 4 | Pharmaceutical Research - Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 2

 

The present study highlights the effect of Redeemer's Natural antibiotics on selected clinical isolates from Minna General Hospital, Niger State, Nigeria. The knowledge of herbal medicine has grown. In modern times, a wide range of herbs have been sought for their healing effects and are used more and more, while the resort to black magic has been in steady decline. The antimicrobial activity of Redeemer’s Natural antibiotic was tested against five clinical isolates from Minna General Hospital, Niger State (Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans), using tube dilution techniques. It was found that Salmonella typhi was markedly affected by the herbal drug at a concentration of 2mg/ml, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were also affected at a concentration of 3mg/ml, all three organisms were inhibited with a zone of inhibition ranging from 5.0mm-14.0mm, while the herbal drug showed no effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The study further stated that the ethanol leaf and root extract of aloe vera gel has the intended effect of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and as well as Gram-negative bacteria. This investigation further assures that the plant extracts could be used for the treatment of microbial infections.  The inactivity of the herbal drug on Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans can be due to drug resistance development. There is a promising future for “Redeemer’s Natural Antibiotic” as there are about half a million plants around the world, and most of them are not investigated yet for their medical activities and their hidden potential medical activities could be decisive in the treatment of present and future studies.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Erena Nuhu Bako
Niger State College of Education Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v2/547

Antimicrobial Resistance: A Global Challenge | Chapter7 | Advancement and New Understanding in Medical Science Vol. 7

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious global health threats of our time. It causes huge obstacles in controlling infectious diseases. The world health organization explains the major problem is that it creates bacteria with high rates of resistance that can’t be fought easily to overcome common infections. Antimicrobial abuse has resulted in rapid emergence of AMR. It has become progressively serious as certain microbes have reached at a verge of no reasonable antimicrobial which brings about them not having the option to be dealt with. This shows the importance of further research required in the field of antimicrobial resistance as it poses a threat to global health.

Author(s) Details:

Farzeen Tanwir,
Department of Periodontology, Bahria University Health Sciences Campus Karachi (BUHSC), Pakistan.

Syeda Natasha Zaidi,
Department of Periodontology, Bahria University Health Sciences Campus Karachi (BUHSC), Pakistan.

Nabeel Hafeez,
Surg Lt Cdr PNS Shifa Hospital, Department of Oral Surgery, Karachi, Pakistan.

Tauqeer Bibi,
Department of Periodontology, Bahria University Health Sciences Campus Karachi (BUHSC), Pakistan.

Ahmed Bin Khalid Khan,
Department of Periodontology, Bahria University Health Sciences Campus Karachi (BUHSC), Pakistan.

Bushra Ijaz,
Department of Periodontology, Bahria University Health Sciences Campus Karachi (BUHSC), Pakistan.

Amna Waseem Satti,
Bahria University Health Sciences Campus Karachi (BUHSC), Pakistan.

Zia Batool,
Bahria University Health Sciences Campus Karachi (BUHSC), Pakistan.

Syed Hasnain Ali,
Bahria University Health Sciences Campus Karachi (BUHSC), Pakistan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ANUMS-V7/article/view/13423

Analysis of Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistant Microbiome from Hospital Wastewater Effluent in Aizawl, Mizoram | Chapter 2 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 

Effluents from hospital wastewater are recognized as important sources of antibiotic and heavy metal resistant bacteria and might play a role in the removal and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the environment. The release of resistant bacteria to the receiving environment can pose public health impact. The microbiome analysis was carrying out from wastewater soils of hospitals in Aizawl city, Mizoram, India. According to 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing, the isolated bacteria from the wastewater soils were found to be mainly of Morganella morganii and Bacillus cereus. These isolated bacteria were found to be highly resistant to a wide range of antibiotics and heavy metals. The antibiotic resistance profiles of these isolated bacteria were analyzed. The strains HC and HR possessed a high level of resistance to different antibiotics, and both grew remarkably well even at 200 mg/ml of ampicillin, 100 μg/ml of kanamycin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin even at a concentration of 50 mg/ml could not inhibit the growth of the HC strains. The level of resistance was also remarkably high when compared to earlier reports of antibiotic resistance observed in the corresponding bacteria. Our results suggested that the high level of resistance is probably conferred by the continued exposure to antibiotics from hospital effluent leading to a selected population of highly antibiotics resistant bacteria. The heavy metal resistance profile of the isolated species was studied. The HC and the HR strains show high resistance to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) compared to the control (DH5α).

Author(s) Details:

Lalremruata Hauhnar,
Department of Zoology, Govt. Champhai College, Champhai, Mizoram, India.

Lallianmawii Pachuau,
Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.

H. Lalhruaitluanga,
Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V4/article/view/10128

Why Biologics are Ultimaely a Failed Therapy for Crohns Disease| Chapter 8 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 Since allure introduction in 2003, a drug has prevailed as the drug of choice in the treatment of Crohn’s affliction. Its dominance for ancient times two decades is poorly supported by allure limited therapeutic efficiency. In 2001, Infectious Diseases Incorporated entered a crucial alliance accompanying the University of Florida which ultimately met on the potential threat that Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) authorizes for animal and human health. What has existed established is that Crohn’s disease is an invulnerable-mediated affliction whose effector is preservation of a flawed proinflammatory response directed against MAP and whose affecter is the extensive presence of MAP in the provisions of industrialized countries with its own government. The efficacy of biologics is secondary to their minor disruption of the cytokine answer to MAP. Biologics fail cause they lack the ability to destroy the MAP invulnerable template and therefore require persisted, costly administration that does not completely preclude the growth of bowel penetration and fistula inference. This IDI Perspective presents its combining as to why biologics show a failed medicine for Crohn’s disease.

Author(s) Details:

Gilles R G Monif,
Infectious Diseases Incorporated, United States.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V8/article/view/9032

The Impact of Educational Intervention on Rational Prescribing at Public Health Facilities in Selected Rivers State Local Government Area, Nigeria | Chapter 12 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 7

 The purpose of this study is to see how effective an educational intervention on rational prescription is among prescribers in a few local government areas in Rivers State, Nigeria. According to the World Health Organization, half of all drugs are prescribed, delivered, and sold incorrectly, and patients do not utilise them correctly. This was a quasi-experimental study that used cluster sampling with randomization to determine the effect of educational intervention on rational drug prescribing among prescribers in public health facilities in two selected Local Government Areas (LGA) in Rivers State: Ikwerre LGA (KELGA) as the control and Port Harcourt LGA (PHALGA) as the intervention. To analyse paired data, McNemar's Chi-square test and the paired t-test were employed. P 0.05 was used as the significant level. The statistical software EPI-INFO version 7.02 was used in this investigation. Nurse/midwives were found to be the most common prescribers in both the intervention and control LGAs, accounting for 48.61 percent and 44.4 percent, respectively. Respondents in the intervention LGA's facilities increased their knowledge and attitude one month and three months after the intervention (P0.05). The interventions group had a lower average number of medicines per encounter (ANDPE), a lower proportion of encounters with an antibiotic (PEA), and a lower percentage of encounters with an injection (PEI) than the control group (P0.05). The intervention group had a higher percentage of generic drug prescriptions (PGD) than the control group (P=0.001). The state's educational intervention proven to be a successful and long-term method for improving rational prescription. Update courses and continuing medical education on rational drug use should be organised on a regular basis for health care professionals by the State and National Primary Health Care Development Agency, as well as other relevant stakeholders.

Author(S) Details

Golden Owhonda
Department of Public Health and Disease Control Services, Rivers State Ministry of Health, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Felix Emeka Anyiam
Centre for Health and Development, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V7/article/view/6599

Determination of Bacteriological Profile of Nosocomial Infections in Visceral Surgery at CNHU-HKM, Republic of Benin | Chapter 12 |Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol.4

 The goal of this study is to identify the bacteria that cause these suppurations, investigate their antibiotic resistance profiles, and assess the role of the nurses who care for these patients. The production and buildup of pus in the soft tissue of a wound is known as wound suppuration. In most cases, the normal inflammatory reaction subsides after three to five days, and the wound heals, causing pus to accumulate, slowing the healing process and potentially leading to significant repercussions. From May 15 to June 21, 2013, the research was carried out at the Menontin zone hospital. Fifty-one patients of all ages and genders with surgical and traumatic discharge wounds were sampled, as well as 30 hand samples from nurses' hands before and after dressing. 76 microorganisms were detected from the results, comprising 35 cocci and 41 bacilli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 29% of the microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus in 28%, Escherichia coli in 14%, and miscellaneous bacteria in 14%. 10 bacteria were identified from hand samples, including 4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 3 Staphylococcus DNase-negative. 1 Staphylococcus aureus and 2 Klebsiella spp. The isolates were highly resistant to the antibiotics tested, particularly -lactamβ, Gentamycin, Erythromycin, and Colistin. Ciprofloxacin and Fosfomycin sensitivity is high in the majority of strains. It was determined that patients and nurses should be aware of the presence of these germs, take proper antibiotics, ideally after an antibiotic test, wash their hands often, and use sterile materials before and after any dressing.

Author(s) Details:

Aïkou Nicolas,
Department of Human Biology, National University of Sciences, Engineering and Mathematics, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Microbiology, Benin.

A. Ahoyo Theodora,
Abomey Calavi University, General Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene Abomey Calavi Politechnical School, Human Biology Engineering, Benin.

Degbe Sah Cyriaque,
Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah, Benin.

Coulibaly Founzégué Amadou,
Pasteur Institute Abidjan, Cote-d’ivoire.


Sezan Alphonse,
FAST/UAC, Benin.


Edorh A. Patrick,
FAST/UAC, Benin.


R. A. Lapo,
Inter-State School of Science and Veterinary Medicine, Dakar, Senegal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V4/article/view/6267

Blood Stream Infections and Its Antimicrobial Sensitivity in Tertiary Care Hospital, India | Chapter 02 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 The goal of this study was to describe the aerobic bacteriological profile and its antibiotic sensitivity pattern in blood culture specimens from a tertiary care setting in order to help clinicians start empiric antibiotic therapy and create antibiotic strategy. The isolation of a bacterium from a patient's blood is useful for three reasons: first, it indicates the need for antibacterial therapy immediately, second, it identifies the species of bacterial agent against which therapy should be directed, and third, it provides a culture for in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing. From July 2015 to March 2016, the research was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at People's Medical College and Research Centre in Bhopal. The study comprised a total of 647 blood samples taken from clinical instances of bacteremia between July and December 2015. 106 (16.38 percent) of the 647 blood culture samples were positive. 47 (44.34 percent) of the 106 positive cultures were gram-positive, whereas 59 (55.66 percent) were gram-negative. Bloodstream infection is a difficult problem that can sometimes be fatal; consequently, one of the most important functions of a diagnostic microbiology laboratory is the rapid detection, identification, and antibiotic susceptibility testing of blood-borne pathogens.

Author(S) Details

Mamta Sarwariya
Chirayu Medical College & Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Kalpana Sadawarte
Peoples Medical College & Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Atul R. Rukadikar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Tukaram Prabhu
Peoples Medical College & Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V9/article/view/5837

Bacteriology and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Isolates from Suya Samples in Khana Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria | Chapter 8 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

 This study centred on the assessment of Suya's ready-to - eat (RTE) bacteriology and antibiotic susceptibility profile. Samples were bought randomly from manufacturing sources and vendors, and a number of putative bacterial pathogens were isolated according to traditional microbiological protocols. Roasted and sold Suya aerobic plate counts (APCs) ranged from 2.4x104-1.39x105 CFUg-1 while total coliform counts (TCCs) ranged from 1.5x104-6.2x104 CFU / g. Ten (10) bacterial species, including six (6) Gram-positive and four (4) Gram-negative bacteria, were described in total. Staphylococcus aureus (20%), Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus (16%), respectively, were the most commonly isolated bacteria. Results of the antibiotic susceptibility test showed that Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin had the highest inhibition zones ranging from 21-41 mm (among others) for Gram positive and negative bacteria with high sensitivity and broad spectrum levels. Action. Action In comparison, Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited high resistance to both Ampiclox and Erythromycin. The high occurrence of bacterial contamination in Suya suggests that foodborne pathogens are potential reservoirs for future outbreaks. Therefore, good personal hygienic practises, aseptic packaging, environmental sanitation and processing facilities, as well as hazard analysis critical control point ( HACCP) will ensure food safety through the presence of bacteria of public health significance in Suya. In addition, patient treatment with proven antibiotics(s) should be administered in cases of ingestion of infected Suya.

Author (s) Details

Lawrence O. Amadi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, P.M.B. 5080, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria and Department of Microbiology, School of Applied Science, Ken Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, P.M.B. 20, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Faith O. Singabele
Department of Microbiology, School of Applied Science, Ken Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, P.M.B. 20, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Ruth Elechi
Department of Microbiology, School of Applied Science, Ken Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, P.M.B. 20, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Nathaniel N. Ngerebara
Department of Microbiology, School of Applied Science, Ken Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, P.M.B. 20, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/278