Trends of Neonatal Infections in Libya after a Decade: Common Bacteria and Treatment Strategies | Chapter 1 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 7

Neonatal infections represent a prevalent issue impacting newborns during their initial days, resulting in escalated mortality rates, particularly evident in less developed nations. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze various aspects related to neonatal infections, including the incidence of deaths among newborns at different times in the same hospitals, the policy of antibiotics used for treatment in neonatal intensive care rooms in Libyan hospitals, and a comparison of the types of microbes present during different years. A total of 112 patients (61 males and 51 females) in 2003 and 120 patients (65 males and 55 females) in 2013, all aged between one day and twenty-eight days, were selected from the neonatal intensive care units of two separate hospitals, Tripoli Medical Centre (TMC) and Al-Jalaa Paediatric Hospital, Tripoli, Libya. Two studies examined the microbes responsible for the beginning of infections in newborns and compared different treatment modalities. Predominant infectious manifestations included septicemia, meningitis, septic arthritis, and pneumonia. A descriptive analysis was performed with SPSS version 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Gram-negative Klebsiella and Staphylococcus emerged as the prevalent bacterial strains responsible for neonatal infections. The antibiotic regimens commonly employed in medical facilities in Libya comprised ampicillin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, amoxicillin, meropenem, amikacin, tazocin, and cloxacillin. Gender disparities were observed in the incidence rates of septicemia and meningitis, with the former being more recurrent in females. The collective fatality rate stood at 5–10% among the entire neonatal cohort. Further research and surveillance efforts are warranted to address evolving bacterial resistance patterns and refine therapeutic approaches in this vulnerable population.

 

Author (s) Details

H. Abushwereb
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Libya.

 

R. Ibrahim
Al-Jalaa Pediatric Hospital, Libya.

 

F. Ennafathi
Tripoli Medical Centre, Libya.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v7/1187

Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of DHFR Gene Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum from Southern Côte d’Ivoire: Implications for Antimalarial Drug Resistance | Chapter 1 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 7

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the Asn-108 marker in Southern Côte d'Ivoire. Malaria remains a major public health issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene in Plasmodium falciparum plays a critical role in the parasite’s resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), a widely used antimalarial drug. Mutations in pfdhfr and pfdhps genes confer resistance to pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine respectively, with an in vitro decrease in P. falciparum sensitivity related to the number of mutations in each gene. In fact, since 2005, Côte d'Ivoire has adopted new strategies for malaria management including free provision of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) to children less than five years of age and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) for pregnant women. However, the introduction of ATCs raises concerns about the extensive use of cheap SP which could increase Plasmodium falciparum resistance level to SP. After obtaining consent, blood samples were collected in Anonkoua-kouté, Port-Bouët, and Ayamé sites from 180 patients over 2 years of age and having simple P. falciparum malaria. P. falciparum genomic DNA extracted from these samples was amplified by nested-PCR with pfdhfr specific primers. The amplification products were revealed by electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel and then sequenced according to the Sanger method. After sequencing, the prevalence of mutation points associated with P. falciparum resistance to pyrimethamine was determined. For the three study sites, 180 DNA fragments, of which 165 (165/180 or 91.66%) were successfully sequenced. A high prevalence of triple-mutant P. falciparum parasites reduces the efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as an intermittent preventive treatment against malaria in infants and children. Analysis of the 165 sequences indicated a prevalence of 61.29% (76/124) of the Asn-108 mutant allele versus 17.41% (27/155) of the wild-type Ser-108 allele. Results also indicated that the prevalence of Ser-108-Asn mutation was 69.07, 69.04 and 82.75% for Anonkoua- Kouté, Port-Bouët and Ayamé, respectively. More than a decade after the adoption of SP as IPT for pregnant women, the prevalence of the marker Asn-108 was relatively high in Anonkoua-kouté, Port- bouët and Ayamé. The study revealed an increase in potentially pyrimethamine-resistant isolates despite the withdrawal of SP as a first-line antimalarial treatment. These high proportions of known mutations in the pfdhfr gene could be in favour of a decrease in the SP efficacy in Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Author (s) Details

Dagnogo Oléfongo
UFR Biosciences, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, BP V 34 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire and Institute Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Ako Aristide Berenger
Institute Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Bla Kouakou Brice
UFR Biosciences, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, BP V 34 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Dago Dougba Noel
UFR Sciences Biologiques, Péléforo Gon Coulibaly University, BP1328 Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Coulibaly N'golo David
Institute Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Coulibaly Baba
Institute Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Touré Offianan André
Institute Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.

Djaman Allico Joseph
UFR Biosciences, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, BP V 34 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire and Institute Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v7/2518

Cognitive Dissonance in Technology Adoption: Exploring Resistance and Acceptance among University of Cape Coast Students | Chapter 4 | Language, Literature and Education: Research Updates Vol. 3

The rapid advancement of information technology (IT) has revolutionized educational systems worldwide, providing tools that enhance teaching and learning processes. This study investigates the role of cognitive dissonance in influencing technology adoption behaviors among undergraduate students at the University of Cape Coast. As educational institutions increasingly rely on technology to enhance learning, understanding the psychological and social factors that affect students’ willingness to adopt technology is critical. Cognitive dissonance—an internal conflict that arises when individuals hold contradictory beliefs or experience discomfort from conflicting information—is examined concerning technology acceptance, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and resistance among students. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys and focus group discussions with undergraduate students across various academic disciplines. Many students experienced cognitive dissonance when their beliefs about technology’s value for academic and career success clashed with their actual experiences, such as difficulties in usage, inadequate training, and limited access. Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU) were major contributors to cognitive dissonance. Quantitative analysis, employing structural equation modeling (SEM), revealed that cognitive dissonance significantly affects students’ perceptions of technology’s usefulness and ease of use, which are key determinants in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Thematic analysis of qualitative data further highlighted the role of peer support and positive social influences in mitigating dissonance, enhancing acceptance. Students surrounded by peers who embraced technology often felt more confident, while those facing skepticism from their social circles were more likely to resist technology use. The study identifies critical barriers to effective technology adoption, including high perceived complexity and lack of confidence in using digital tools. To address these challenges, it recommends that institutions focus on reducing cognitive dissonance by providing tailored support and training, designing user-friendly interfaces, and fostering a positive technology culture. The implications for the literature are significant, as this study highlights the need to integrate cognitive dissonance into existing technology acceptance models to better predict user behavior and adoption rates. In conclusion, cognitive dissonance plays a vital role in shaping students’ attitudes toward technology, suggesting that targeted interventions addressing both psychological and social dimensions are essential to enhance technology acceptance and integration in academic settings. By exploring cognitive dissonance within the TAM framework, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of technology adoption in higher education and provides actionable insights for improving student engagement with digital tools.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rudolf Anyoka Nyaaba
Department of Science, St. John Bosco College of Education, Ghana.

 

Sayibu Abdul – Gafaar
Directorate of ICT Services, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.

Robert Anechana
Department of Science, St. John Bosco College of Education, Ghana.

 

Daniel Kweku Anhwere
Department of Business and Social Science Education, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/lleru/v3/4460

Antimicrobial Properties of Homo Fermenting Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Isolated from Kunu-Zaki (A Spontaneously Fermenting Nigerian Cereal Beverage) | Chapter 8 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 3

 Aim: The present study aimed to determine the antibiotic reaction and adhesion

pattern of antimicrobial homo-fermenting LAB strains in the fermenting slurries of

kunu-zaki, Nigeria.

Background: Lactic acid bacteria are usually found in decomposing plants and

lactic products. Lactic acid is the major metabolic end-product of the carbohydrate

fermentation. LAB is a large group of fermentative, anaerobe aero-tolerant

microorganisms that are usually present in the gut of humans and other animals,

raw vegetables, meat and meat products, and cereal.

Study Design: Samples were obtained directly from the 72-hour fermenting mash

of the kun-uzaki made from each cereal type. The Pour plate technique was used

to isolate the organisms. The pure colonies isolates were examined according to

their colony morphology, catalase reaction and gram reaction. Inhibition of

indicator lawn used ≥10mm inhibition as antibiotic susceptible. Adhesion was

measured by staining and quantifying grains of Digitariaexilis (acha), Sorghum

bicolour (sorghum) and Pennisetum americanum (millet) in composite and non

composite proportions. LAB isolates were obtained on MRS agar. Homo

fermenting isolates were identified at species level using the API 50 CHL test kit.

Antibiotic sensitivity testing on the identified isolates followed the modified

standard Kirby-Bauer procedure on MRS agar (pH 7.4) using the disc diffusion

technique with selected antibiotics. For quality control of the antibiotics, sensitive

reference strains S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 obtained from

the Nigeria Institute of Medical Research were used. Adhesion properties were

determined by differential staining of the bacterial cells that bound to intestinal

epithelial cells as observed under light and phase contrast microscopy. 

Results: Antimicrobial substances produced by the eight LAB isolates inhibited

the growth of four selected human pathogens in vitro. All eight LAB isolates were

resistant to amoxicillin, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. L. plantarum126, L.

paracasei sub sp paracasei339 and Pediococcus damnosus32 were resistant to

erythromycin whilst all others were susceptible. L. plantarum126 and L.

paracaseisubspparacasei339 were resistant to all antibiotics tested. All LAB

isolates demonstrated high in-vitro intestinal epithelial cell adhesion potential. The

result of this study documents findings on the antibiotic resistance pattern of these

eight homo-fermenting lactic acid bacteria present in ready to drink kunu-zaki. If

these homo-fermenting strains are to be used in kunu-zaki as starter cultures, it is

important that they should be further carefully examined for inability to transfer

antibiotic resistance genes to food pathogens.

Conclusion: When used in conjunction with these antibiotic treatments, kunuzaki

may not have an impact on the antibacterial activity of LAB. To ensure that these

LAB strains cannot pass antibiotic resistance genes to food pathogens, they must

be thoroughly screened if they are to be used as kunu-zaki starter cultures.

 

Author (s) Details

S. O. Oluwajoba

Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria and Department of Biological Science, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.

F. A. Akinyosoye

Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

V. O. Oyetayo

Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.

Please see the link - https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v3/211

Determining the Role of Inorganic Inhibitors on the Strength and Corrosion Resistive Properties of Quarry Dust Concrete | Chapter 4 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 6

This episode highlights the role of not organic inhibitors on the strength and disintegration resistive properties of goal dust concrete. Concrete plays a very main role in the construction manufacturing. It is widely used in the general due to its staying power, versatility and cheap. Now a days the utilization and devouring of natural aggregates and cement as best concrete component is rapidly and uniformly increasing in the result of concrete. Quarry dust is in high demand for actual production because natural sand is more and more scarce and high-priced. Experimental work has been carried out accompanying Calcium Nitrite, Calcium Nitrate and Sodium Nitrate as corrosion inhibitors at the portion of drug or other consumable of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% by weight of cement. The effectiveness of these not organic inhibitors was studied utilizing various electrochemical techniques to a degree Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT), Accelerated corrosion test, A.C. resistance measurement and Gravimetric weight misfortune measurement. Quarry dust actual can perform better by including not organic corrosion inhibitors, that can help to alleviate this problem. Several benefits can be earned by incorporating inorganic disintegration inhibitors into the concrete combination or by coating the surface of the hardened hardened with ruling class. In addition to water absorption, mechanical limits such as compressive substance, flexural strength, spilt stiffness, and bond strength were examined, and the optimum percentage adding of each inhibitor was recognized. The results show that replacing sand accompanying quarry dust increases the substance of the concrete; with the adding of an inhibitor, it offers lower permeability and more bulk, allowing it to give revised corrosion fighting and endurance in harsh surroundings.

Author(s) Details:

M. Devi,
Vivekanandha College of Technology for Women, Namakkal-637205, Tamilnadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V6/article/view/11716

Pneumonia amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Report | Chapter 2 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 Nocardiosis is an contamination with raised morbidity and mortality and has the skill to cause localized or integral suppurative disease in persons and animals. Pulmonary nocardiosis is a subacute or never-ending necrotizing pneumonia caused by aerobic actinomycetes of the genus nocardia and infrequent in immune-able patients. Clinical disease of pulmonary nocardiosis is difficult owing to the correspondence of its performance with different respiratory pathogens that contain actinomycetes members and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The trouble in diagnosing human nocardiosis in the lab stands from the fact that most labs do not adhere to the lengthy process of early development times necessary for isolation of a Nocardia spp. sophistication.  The lack of clinical, workshop and epidemiological data on the incidence of nocardiosis in persons undermines allure significance as a potential bacterium. Here, we present a case of pulmonary nocardiosis in an older fellow who initially presented symptoms related to those in Covid 19 but was later diagnosed accompanying the condition.  The patient has a past history of diabetes and myasthenia gravis on mycophenolate mofetil. Despite the fact that nocardiosis is widespread in immunocompromised things, the difficulties we faced were in detecting a case with corresponding radiological findings to Covid 19 pneumonia and the dissimilarities in therapy options 'tween the two.

Author(s) Details:

Arushi Mohan,
Department of Emergency Medicine, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore, India.

Abhinaya Shekhar,
Department of Internal Medicine, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore, India.

M. S. Brunda,
Department of Internal Medicine, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore, India.

Prakash Doraiswamy,
Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Aster CMI Hospital, Bangalore, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V5/article/view/10858

Analysis of Temperature and Irradiation Effect on P-V Characteristics of Solar Cell | Chapter 1 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 3

 A semiconductor diode called a photovoltaic cell uses light to create electricity (DC). The electromagnetic spectrum, from infrared (IR) to ultraviolet (UV), can be converted into direct current by any PV cell (DC). In solar power systems, elements like photovoltaic cells are used. The focus of research on photovoltaic (PV) features and PV systems as a whole is on the effective usage of PVs. Photovoltaic cells have nonlinear power-voltage characteristics. Keeping an eye on the MPP of the PV array is essential for maximising energy production (MPP). Utilizing solar cells has become significantly more challenging in recent years. More time and money are being invested in updating the technology to increase module efficiency. In this study, a solar cell model is constructed in MATLAB/Simulink from scratch using common equations for electric current. Current-voltage and power-voltage curves for solar cells can be used to demonstrate the effects of different settings.

Author(s) Details:

Radhey Shyam Meena,
eMasters in Power Sector Regulation, Economics and Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.

L. Rajesh,
Department of ECE, East Point College of Engineering and Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

V. Dankan Gowda,
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

C. Ramesh,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT- Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641402, India.

Lipika Mandal,
Asansol Engineering College, Dept. of AEIE, Vivekananda Sarani, Asansol,Paschim Bardhaman, West Bengal-713305, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V3/article/view/8160

Study on Resistance and Inductance of Solid Conductors | Chapter 04 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 2

 Because of faulty nomenclature, erroneous definitions, and the fact that resistance and inductance are values that define constituents of ideal electrical circuits as well as real solid conductors, they are filled with misconceptions and inaccuracies. This has a negative impact not just on the subject of electrical engineering theory, but also on resistance and inductance computation. In the study, the current density, resistance, and inductance of two coaxial solid tube conductors are calculated using the results of a brief theoretical examination of the state of the art. Except for the solitary conductor, these conductors are the simplest feasible configuration.

Author(S) Details

Oldrich Coufal
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technick´a 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V2/article/view/6840

Determination of Bacteriological Profile of Nosocomial Infections in Visceral Surgery at CNHU-HKM, Republic of Benin | Chapter 12 |Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol.4

 The goal of this study is to identify the bacteria that cause these suppurations, investigate their antibiotic resistance profiles, and assess the role of the nurses who care for these patients. The production and buildup of pus in the soft tissue of a wound is known as wound suppuration. In most cases, the normal inflammatory reaction subsides after three to five days, and the wound heals, causing pus to accumulate, slowing the healing process and potentially leading to significant repercussions. From May 15 to June 21, 2013, the research was carried out at the Menontin zone hospital. Fifty-one patients of all ages and genders with surgical and traumatic discharge wounds were sampled, as well as 30 hand samples from nurses' hands before and after dressing. 76 microorganisms were detected from the results, comprising 35 cocci and 41 bacilli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 29% of the microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus in 28%, Escherichia coli in 14%, and miscellaneous bacteria in 14%. 10 bacteria were identified from hand samples, including 4 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 3 Staphylococcus DNase-negative. 1 Staphylococcus aureus and 2 Klebsiella spp. The isolates were highly resistant to the antibiotics tested, particularly -lactamβ, Gentamycin, Erythromycin, and Colistin. Ciprofloxacin and Fosfomycin sensitivity is high in the majority of strains. It was determined that patients and nurses should be aware of the presence of these germs, take proper antibiotics, ideally after an antibiotic test, wash their hands often, and use sterile materials before and after any dressing.

Author(s) Details:

Aïkou Nicolas,
Department of Human Biology, National University of Sciences, Engineering and Mathematics, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Microbiology, Benin.

A. Ahoyo Theodora,
Abomey Calavi University, General Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene Abomey Calavi Politechnical School, Human Biology Engineering, Benin.

Degbe Sah Cyriaque,
Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah, Benin.

Coulibaly Founzégué Amadou,
Pasteur Institute Abidjan, Cote-d’ivoire.


Sezan Alphonse,
FAST/UAC, Benin.


Edorh A. Patrick,
FAST/UAC, Benin.


R. A. Lapo,
Inter-State School of Science and Veterinary Medicine, Dakar, Senegal.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V4/article/view/6267

Assessment of Mapping Insecticide Resistance of Dengue Vectors in Northern Viet Nam From 2010-2021| Chapter 11 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol.10

  The study used WHO standard methods bioassay for mosquito sensitivity to insecticides to investigate the susceptibility and resistance of mosquito populations from 189 sites in 12 provinces/cities in Northern Vietnam. From 2010 to 2021, the widespread pesticide resistance status of dengue vectors in Northern Vietnam was mapped. The data was collected in the provinces of Ha Noi, Quang Ninh, Vinh Phuc, Bac Ninh, Cao Bang, Lang Son, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Hai Phong, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, and Ha Tinh, and represents an update of documentation on the distribution and insecticide resistance status of dengue vectors in Northern Vietnam, particularly pyrethroid resistance status. The majority of Aedes aegypti populations in Ha Noi were resistant to alphacypermethrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, etofenprox, lambdacyhalothrin, permethrin, and DDT, but vulnerable to malathion; most populations in other parts of the North are tolerant.

The majority of Aedes albopictus populations in most of the 12 Northern Vietnamese provinces tested were resistant to DDT but vulnerable to alphacypermethrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, and Malathion, with a few populations tolerating it. This document is aimed at policymakers, national programme managers, and other partners involved in the fight against dengue fever in Vietnam.

Author(s) Details:

Tran Thanh Duong,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.


Nguyen Quang Thieu,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.


Bui Le Duy,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.


Vu Duc Chinh,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.

Nguyen Van Tuan,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.


Nguyen Tran Bich Diep,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.

Ho Dinh Trung,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.


Nguyen Van Dung,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V10/article/view/5990

A Key Step in the Direction of TB Elimination from the World: Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection | Chapter 11 | Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

 The organism's infection Because a healthy person's immune system avoids disease, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) may not produce clinical disease in the majority of people. However, the bacteria can still be found in the body in a form known as Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI), which can cause disease if the immune system is compromised owing to causes such as diabetes, chronic use of steroids, HIV, and other factors. This article tries to concentrate on the diagnosis and treatment of LTBI. Due to infection rates as high as 40% of the population in places like India, treating all afflicted with LTBI may not be practical. However, in high-risk scenarios, focused therapy of LTBI is a viable alternative. The drug(s) used in LTBI therapy has changed dramatically, as will be discussed in this chapter.

Author(S) Details

S. Amit
National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, India.

A. Puneet
National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, India.

S. Prabhpreet
National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ETDHR-V3/article/view/5886

Studies on Organoclay-Based Additive for Paintwork Materials | Chapter 15 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 4

An organo-mineral additive based on clay with a high concentration of montmorillonite is described in detail. Given the scarcity of bentonite clay, organic additions on multimineral clays with a high montmorillonite content have been employed. The fluctuation in surface tension of the plasticizer solution determines the plasticizer concentration. The use of organoclay in the composition of polystyrene paint is demonstrated. The qualities of organoclay-modified polystyrene paints and coatings based on them are compared.

 

Author (S) Details

V. I. Loganina
The Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, 440028, Penza, Street Herman Titov, 28, Russia.

N. A. Petukhova
The Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, 440028, Penza, Street Herman Titov, 28, Russia.

Y. P. Skachkov
The Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, 440028, Penza, Street Herman Titov, 28, Russia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVST-V4/article/view/4004

Expanded Form - Concept of Child Care in Ayurveda | Chapter 8 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 Adulthood is determined by one's childhood. After maturing in the mother's womb, a foetus is born as a newborn infant and grows into a man. Childhood is a time in life when anatomical and physiological development are yet incomplete. The children's resistance is also lacking. Even they are unable to distinguish between useful and dangerous objects. They also want to play with the deadly snake. To summarise, a child is prone to disease, injury, and other forms of harm due to inadequate resistance, inability to distinguish between good and harmful substances, and other factors. Healthy children will lead to a healthy society, according to the nation. As a result, children have received special attention in the past, with a focus on disease, injury, and other hazards. Interestingly, the ancient Ayurvedic classics, like the present time, have detailed discussions on topics such as healthy conception, pregnancy, delivery, and child care.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Dilip Kumar Goswami
Department of Agada Tantra and Vidhi Ayurveda, Govt. Ayurvedic College, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V9/article/view/2521

Plant Bio-chemicals against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner): A Study in Tomato |Chapter 11 | Cutting-edge Research in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10

 The mechanism of host plant resistance in tomato varieties was evaluated and compared to the attack of the tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), in the Solan district, known as the “Tomato Bowl of Himachal Pradesh.” Understanding the mechanisms of induced resistance allows us to predict which pests will be affected by induced responses. Induced response elicitors can be sprayed on crop plants to strengthen the natural defense system against herbivore damage. Three self pollinating indeterminate varieties developed by selection (Solan Lalima, Solan Vajar, and Palam Pink) and four hybrids (Naveen 2000+, Heem Sohna, and Palam Pink) were used in the experiment. Researchers extracted various macro and micronutrients from the foliage of these varieties, as well as estimating the chemical composition of tomato fruits, such as total phenols, titrable acidity, reducing sugars, and total sugars, to compare for different levels of resistance to Helicoverpa armigera. Fruit infestation was found to be inversely related to phenol and sugar content in tomato fruits, as measured by correlation coefficient values (r= -0.895) and (r= -0.650), respectively, indicating that less susceptible varieties were high in phenols and sugars, protecting them from pest attack. Nitrogen (r= 0.660), potassium (r=0.679), magnesium (r=0.698), and iron (r= 0.547) are all related. Phosphorus (r= -0.857) and zinc (r= -0.801) content were found to be positively correlated with percent fruit infestation, whereas manganese (r=0.546) content was found to be negatively correlated with percent fruit infestation. This resistance can be used to create crop cultivars that rapidly produce the inducible response in the face of a mild infestation, and it can be used as an important component of integrated pest management alongside other techniques such as biological, cultural, and chemical control.

Author (s) Details

Priyanka Thakur
Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni – 173230, HP, India.

R. S. Rana
Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni – 173230, HP, India.

K. C. Sharma
Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni – 173230, HP, India.

Nalini Challa
Department of Entomology, Dr Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni – 173230, HP, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRAS-V10/article/view/1568

Molecular Diagnostic Techniques for the Characterisation of Escherichia coli | Chapter 11 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 Escherichia coli isolated from Creek Road/Bonny Estuary using molecular techniques was described by this research. For the presence of E, one hundred and twenty (120) water samples were examined. Coli at Bonny Estuary/Creek Lane. For the isolation and detection of E, the Most Probable Number (MPN) process, the Eijkman test and molecular techniques were used. From coli. The research was performed on a daily basis (morning and evening) and seasonally (end of rainy season (November), beginning of rainy season (April) and mid rainy season (July) respectively). All of E. In the E pathotypes, coli isolates were screened for resistance genes. The Polymerase chain reaction technique uses coli (EHEC, EPEC, EAEC, ETEC and EIEC), including Sulfhydryl Variable (SHV), CTX-M, Temoniera (TEM) and MCR genes. The findings showed that 100% of the water samples were positive for coliforms and that E was harbouring all the water samples. From coli. In the morning of April (48 MPN/100 ml), the highest total count of coliforms recorded was The distribution of in the E of individual genes. SHV (5.0), CTX-M (5.8), TEM (4.2), MCR (0.0 percent), stx1 and stx2 (4.2), esV and bfA (1.7), aaiC (4.2), elt (3.3), and invE are coli isolates: (2.5). Of all the resistance genes, CTX-M was the most frequently detected. The presence of bacteria in the water body may have led to the location of waste dumps, the discharge of sewage and the construction of toilets, and the use of human and animal excreta as manure.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Constancy Prisca Aleru
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Prof. Kinikanwo Confidence Wachukwu

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, P.M.B. 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/359

The Role of Adjunctive Psychosocial Interventions in Augmenting Clozapine Response in Patients with Clozapine Resistant Schizophrenia: A Review and Illustrative Patient Histories | Chapter 11 | Research Trends and Challenges in Medical Science Vol.3

A large proportion of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia continue to have persistent symptoms and psychosocial impairment despite adequate treatment with clozapine. This group of patients with clozapine resistant schizophrenia (CRS) constitutes about 40%-70% of those with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. These patients represent the most severely ill among those with schizophrenia with higher levels of symptom severity and disability, and greater socioeconomic burden. A large body of evidence has shown that when clozapine fails, augmentation of its response with antipsychotics or other medications is of little or no benefit for these patients. Augmentation with electroconvulsive therapy seems to hold some promise, but the evidence is limited. The benefits of psychosocial interventions in augmenting clozapine response in these situations has not been explored fully. A few trials of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) have been undertaken, and their results do not seem to support the effectiveness of adjunctive psychosocial therapies in augmenting the efficacy of clozapine in these patients. Nevertheless, this chapter attempts to re-evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in CRS, by conducting a brief review of the area followed by illustrative histories of patients with CRS who benefitted from adjunctive psychosocial therapies. The results suggest that adjunctive psychosocial treatments could still have a role in potentiating clozapine response in CRS. However, psychosocial treatment modules that combine CBT with other treatment strategies such as individual support, stress management, and family interventions are more likely to be successful in augmenting clozapine response in CRS than CBT alone. Therefore, there is much scope for further research in this area

Author(s) Details

Subho Chakrabarti
Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.

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Assessment of Resistance Status of the Major Storage Insect Pests of Cocoa to Deltamethrin in Ghana: Descriptive Research | Chapter 11 | New Perspectives in Agriculture and Crop Science Vol. 2

Due to the versatility of insects, many of them quickly and easily develop resistance to insecticides they have been subjected to for long periods. Should resistance strains arise in a population, its control with same and at times with similar, insecticides becomes more difficult. Possible development of resistance in the major insect pests of stored cocoa bean to deltamethrin was studied at the Entomology laboratory of the Research Department of Quality Control Company of Ghana COCOBOD at Tema. Samples of Ephestia cautella, Tribolium castaneum and Cryptolestes ferrugineus were collected from two sites with different insecticide use history and exposed to different concentrations of deltamethrin. The results showed that the response of the two populations of the insects followed a similar trend. Ephestia cautella was the most susceptible insect to deltamethrin, where 100% mortality was attained at 10 x 104 ppm concentration in both populations. Generally, the 35 x 104 ppm concentration achieved 90% mortality in the Tribolium castaneum and Cryptolestes ferrugineus populations studied. Therefore all the three storage beetles tested for resistance to deltamethrin had not developed resistance to the insecticide

Author (s) Details
Dr. W. Azalekor 
Department of Quality Control Company, Ghana Cocoa Board, Box Co 247, Tema, Ghana.

Prof. J. V. K. Afun 
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

Prof. E. A. Osekre 
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

Dr. E. A. Oyewo 
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

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