Comparative Models of Newcomer Integration for Organisational Adoption| Chapter 1 | Mathematics and Computer Science: Research Updates Vol. 8

 

Strategies that address the needs of both the newcomer and the organisation can ease this transition and facilitate a smooth assimilation process. Welcoming and integrating newcomers is a critical challenge for organisations seeking to maintain a cohesive and productive workforce. This study utilises a comparative study to explore and contrast various models for newcomer integration within organisational contexts. This study aims to provide valuable insights into the comparative effectiveness of different integration models and offer practical recommendations for organisations seeking to improve their onboarding processes. The authors employ a comparative study methodology by conducting a systematic literature review. This approach allows for in-depth insights into the effectiveness of each onboarding model. The research identifies key components, outcomes, and challenges associated with each model. Through a detailed comparative analysis of models such as the Developers Joining Model, Onion Model, Identity Socialisation Model, Four C's Model, the characterisation framework, the onboarding types, and Traditional Onboarding Process, the study evaluates their performance across critical factors, including onboarding plans, mentorship, feedback, cultural fit, flexibility, and role clarity.

 

The findings reveal distinct strengths and limitations for each model, highlighting their varied effectiveness in promoting employee engagement and retention. The Identity Socialisation Model and Four C's Model, for instance, excel in fostering long-term engagement, while the Traditional Model supports initial integration but may limit personal identity expression. The study also addresses potential drawbacks, such as resource intensity or context-specificity, proposing mitigation strategies like phased implementation and role development.

 

Ultimately, this research provides actionable insights for organisations aiming to enhance their newcomer integration strategies, offering practical recommendations such as adopting diverse onboarding models and implementing flexibility, focusing on mentorship and feedback, prioritising cultural fit and integration, tailored to diverse organisational needs. The authors suggest further research through surveys with newcomers to validate their findings. Managers may struggle to move away from the old traditional practices and fully support newcomers' personal strengths. Provide appropriate training for managers to help them understand and implement the principles of this model effectively.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Eman Hussein Ali
Department of Computer Science, Libyan Academy School of Basic Science, Libya.

 

Samia Abdalhamid
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Libya.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mcsru/v8/6347

Sustainable Investment Approaches Enhancing the Decentralization of Corporate Governance across Worldwide Communities |Chapter 2 | Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 6

 

The manuscript delves into sustainable investment approaches enhancing the decentralization of corporate governance across worldwide communities. The worldwide network of economies and societies is still growing as a result of the digital industrial revolution. However, challenges related to sustainability, like disruption and climate change, have gotten worse. The involvement of multiple stakeholders is essential in addressing challenges related to sustainability in international communities. It is anticipated that multi-stakeholder cooperative and competitive schemes will be used to build sustainable communities. Sustainable global communities must reform centralized economies with top-down systems and must move toward decentralized mechanisms known as bottom-up societies. Sustainable investment strategies to support the environment, society and governance (ESG) presumably improve social welfare. This article describes that multi-stakeholders can introduce a decentralized incentive scheme into global economies and can provide mathematical expressions of sustainable investment strategies. The decentralized formulation described herein is used to evaluate the improvement of ESG initiatives by the decrease of social welfare losses. The formulation states mathematically relative relations among the investment strategies. This mathematical model explores the social welfare effects of initiatives to enhance standards, regulations, and legislation. Empirically, one finds that integration strategies have grown remarkably as a core part of social institutional reform for sustainability. It has been concluded that efforts to enhance social evaluation by those left out of market transactions significantly reduce losses to social welfare. These results may encourage efforts to lessen the disruption challenges that local communities encounter. The results presented herein are expected to be applicable for various global crises. Initiatives by which ESG can solve global crises consistently will be pursued in further research in this field.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Hiroshige Tanaka

Institute of Economic Research, Chuo University, Japan.

Chiharu Tanaka

Trading Division, Mitsubishi UFJ Asset Management Co., Ltd., Japan.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crbme/v6/3763G

 

Integration in Medical Education through Harden’s Ladder | Chapter 3 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 11

The new curriculum of Medical Education prescribed by NMC in India differs from the older one, which was used for many years, by being more learner and patient-centric, outcome-based, aligned and integrated with an emphasis on skill development. Ethics, communication and affective domains shall be addressed explicitly here. Newer additions like foundation courses, early clinical exposure and self-directed learning are being made [1]. Emphasis is made on making the curriculum aligned and integrated to provide a holistic approach to the learners. The curriculum implementation support programme is making tremendous efforts to inculcate the new curriculum into day-to-day teaching. Hence, a thorough understanding of alignment and integration by these members is very essential.

 

Author (s) Details

Hamsaveena
Department of Biochemistry, Siddaganga Medical College and Research Institute, Tumkur, India.

 

Rashmi. M.V
Department of Pathology, Siddaganga Medical College and Research Institute, Tumkur, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v11/2563

 

Cognitive Dissonance in Technology Adoption: Exploring Resistance and Acceptance among University of Cape Coast Students | Chapter 4 | Language, Literature and Education: Research Updates Vol. 3

The rapid advancement of information technology (IT) has revolutionized educational systems worldwide, providing tools that enhance teaching and learning processes. This study investigates the role of cognitive dissonance in influencing technology adoption behaviors among undergraduate students at the University of Cape Coast. As educational institutions increasingly rely on technology to enhance learning, understanding the psychological and social factors that affect students’ willingness to adopt technology is critical. Cognitive dissonance—an internal conflict that arises when individuals hold contradictory beliefs or experience discomfort from conflicting information—is examined concerning technology acceptance, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and resistance among students. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through surveys and focus group discussions with undergraduate students across various academic disciplines. Many students experienced cognitive dissonance when their beliefs about technology’s value for academic and career success clashed with their actual experiences, such as difficulties in usage, inadequate training, and limited access. Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU) were major contributors to cognitive dissonance. Quantitative analysis, employing structural equation modeling (SEM), revealed that cognitive dissonance significantly affects students’ perceptions of technology’s usefulness and ease of use, which are key determinants in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Thematic analysis of qualitative data further highlighted the role of peer support and positive social influences in mitigating dissonance, enhancing acceptance. Students surrounded by peers who embraced technology often felt more confident, while those facing skepticism from their social circles were more likely to resist technology use. The study identifies critical barriers to effective technology adoption, including high perceived complexity and lack of confidence in using digital tools. To address these challenges, it recommends that institutions focus on reducing cognitive dissonance by providing tailored support and training, designing user-friendly interfaces, and fostering a positive technology culture. The implications for the literature are significant, as this study highlights the need to integrate cognitive dissonance into existing technology acceptance models to better predict user behavior and adoption rates. In conclusion, cognitive dissonance plays a vital role in shaping students’ attitudes toward technology, suggesting that targeted interventions addressing both psychological and social dimensions are essential to enhance technology acceptance and integration in academic settings. By exploring cognitive dissonance within the TAM framework, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of technology adoption in higher education and provides actionable insights for improving student engagement with digital tools.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rudolf Anyoka Nyaaba
Department of Science, St. John Bosco College of Education, Ghana.

 

Sayibu Abdul – Gafaar
Directorate of ICT Services, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.

Robert Anechana
Department of Science, St. John Bosco College of Education, Ghana.

 

Daniel Kweku Anhwere
Department of Business and Social Science Education, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/lleru/v3/4460

Influence of Social Media Engagements on Satisfaction, Attitude, and Academic Expression: Exploring Behavior Patterns among Pre-Service Teachers | Chapter 4 | An Overview of Literature, Language and Education Research Vol. 2

This study focuses on the impact of social media use on pre-service teachers' satisfaction, attitude, and academic expression. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with 10 participants. A random sample of 264 participants, stratified by sex, year level, and social media use, revealed high usage rates for platforms like Facebook, Messenger, and TikTok. While average satisfaction levels were similar across genders, year levels displayed variations in attitudes towards social media engagement. Interestingly, no significant differences were found in how pre-service teachers utilized social media for academic purposes throughout their program. Individuals spending more time on social media reported higher satisfaction, and positive correlations emerged between all three variables – satisfaction, attitude, and academic expression. The thematic analysis also highlighted mixed feelings towards the pre-service teacher program, with many expressing the value of social media as a tool for communication, accessing resources, and staying motivated. The study recommends that integrating social media into pre-service teacher programs requires a unique approach, addressing concerns about information reliability and distractions while harnessing its potential to enhance educational environments.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Noli B. Ballara
Education Department, College of Education, Northern Iloilo State University, Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines.

 

Jomar Von R. Laforteza
Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Northern Iloilo State University, Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aoller/v2/1028

Social Intelligence and Consumer Feedback Loops in the Innovation Cycle of Electronics | Chapter 4 | Science and Technology: Developments and Applications Vol. 4

The integration of social intelligence and consumer feedback loops has transformed the innovation cycle in the electronics industry, allowing for more agile and customer-focused product development. This research explores how social media platforms, online communities, and other digital feedback mechanisms serve as rich sources of real-time consumer insights, helping brands stay competitive in a rapidly evolving market. The research also emphasizes the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in automating the collection and analysis of vast amounts of social media data. These technologies allow businesses to track trends, forecast customer needs, and implement product adjustments more efficiently. By integrating AI-driven insights into their innovation cycles, electronics manufacturers can not only enhance product quality but also improve customer engagement and loyalty.

This paper examines the role of social intelligence and consumer feedback loops in the innovation cycle of electronic devices. In this study, data were collected from Social Media Platforms through Surveys and Interviews. Text mining tools were used to perform sentiment analysis on social media data to determine public perception of products. By analysing feedback on platforms like Twitter, Reddit, and Facebook, companies can gauge customer sentiment on key features such as battery life, software performance, and durability.

The study results revealed that companies can improve by being more responsive to feedback and making customers feel that their feedback is acknowledged and acted upon. This study demonstrates the value of embedding social intelligence within the feedback loops of electronics innovation. As consumer expectations continue to rise, the ability to swiftly and effectively respond to feedback will become a critical competitive advantage for brands. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how consumer data can be leveraged to fuel a customer-centric innovation model, highlighting the significance of feedback loops in driving continuous improvement in product design and development.

The rapid pace of technological advancements requires electronics manufacturers to stay agile, continuously monitoring consumer preferences and behaviours. Social intelligence, driven by data from social media and online platforms, offers a way to understand these evolving preferences. By integrating social intelligence with structured consumer feedback loops, companies can create more user-centred innovations and better adapt to market trends. The study analyses how these mechanisms have reshaped product development, including key challenges and opportunities.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Deepshikha Aggarwal
Department of Information Technology, Jagan Institute of Management Studies, Delhi, India.

 

Archana B. Saxen
Department of Information Technology, Jagan Institute of Management Studies, Delhi, India.

 

Deepti Sharma
Department of Information Technology, Jagan Institute of Management Studies, Delhi, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/stda/v4/3968

Sustainable Investment Approaches Enhancing the Decentralization of Corporate Governance across Worldwide Communities | Chapter 2 | Contemporary Research in Business, Management and Economics Vol. 6

 

The manuscript delves into sustainable investment approaches enhancing the decentralization of corporate governance across worldwide communities. The worldwide network of economies and societies is still growing as a result of the digital industrial revolution. However, challenges related to sustainability, like disruption and climate change, have gotten worse. The involvement of multiple stakeholders is essential in addressing challenges related to sustainability in international communities. It is anticipated that multi-stakeholder cooperative and competitive schemes will be used to build sustainable communities. Sustainable global communities must reform centralized economies with top-down systems and must move toward decentralized mechanisms known as bottom-up societies. Sustainable investment strategies to support the environment, society and governance (ESG) presumably improve social welfare. This article describes that multi-stakeholders can introduce a decentralized incentive scheme into global economies and can provide mathematical expressions of sustainable investment strategies. The decentralized formulation described herein is used to evaluate the improvement of ESG initiatives by the decrease of social welfare losses. The formulation states mathematically relative relations among the investment strategies. This mathematical model explores the social welfare effects of initiatives to enhance standards, regulations, and legislation. Empirically, one finds that integration strategies have grown remarkably as a core part of social institutional reform for sustainability. It has been concluded that efforts to enhance social evaluation by those left out of market transactions significantly reduce losses to social welfare. These results may encourage efforts to lessen the disruption challenges that local communities encounter. The results presented herein are expected to be applicable for various global crises. Initiatives by which ESG can solve global crises consistently will be pursued in further research in this field.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Hiroshige Tanaka,
Institute of Economic Research, Chuo University, Japan

Chiharu Tanaka
Trading Division, Mitsubishi UFJ Asset Management Co., Ltd., Japan.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CRBME-V6/article/view/14350

Introduction of Teachers Perspective on Instructional Strategies: Implemented at Early Childhood Years | Chapter 7 | Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research Vol. 8

The study demonstrated the potentials that exist for the use of instructional strategies to complement the teachers" attempt to create constructive learning environments in early childhood settings. Instructional strategies contribute to effective teaching and learning in early childhood classrooms, which in turn, impacts children’s development in diverse ways. Even though previous research points to the significance of early childhood teachers’ practices that take into consideration the nature of children and how they learn, there is limited research regarding how instructional strategies impact children’s development in diverse ways. A multi-case-qualitative study approach was used in this study because there is a need to establish the differences regarding teachers" practices in Tata School and Kariba School sited in different socio-economic settings. One research question guided the study, namely, which instructional strategies do teachers use in a kindergarten classroom? Data used were semi-structured individual interviews pair-based interviews and field notes of classroom observations. Both within and across case interpretative analysis, as was used. The findings of this study revealed these teachers believed that instructional strategies impacted children’s development in different ways; they pointed to play-based instruction and integration as well as specific strategies such as picture-walk and think-pair-share that they believed to promote effective teaching and learning in kindergarten classrooms which in turn, enhanced and promoted children’s multiple intelligences in terms of socio-emotional, physical, cognitive and language development. The study established that insights of pre-service early childhood teachers into the appropriate use of both specific and generic instructional strategies regarding when and how to use each of them within the teaching and learning context have the potential to unearth children’s potential by situated the selection of instructional strategies within the context of the uniqueness that individual children bring to the teaching and learning context concerning interests, needs and potential.

Author(s) Details:

Mumuni Thompson,
University of Cape Coast, Ghana.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PLLER-V8/article/view/14273

Analyzing the Integration of Human Rights into Undergraduate Social Work Education | Chapter 6 | Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 6

Understanding human rights is critically important in social work education and practice. This is further emphasized in the global definition of social work which highlights that as a practice-based profession and academic discipline, social work relies on the principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversity. Concomitantly, social work education must ensure that students know and understand human rights laws especially those which are inherent to all human beings and are often expressed and guaranteed by international law which Governments are expected to uphold. As duty bearers, social workers commit to supporting governments in the upholding of those agreements pertinent to the well-being of the people. This paper examined the knowledge of undergraduate students of international agreements/laws before leaving the University. These agreements not only speak to nation-states but to universal practices. Many social work issues are universal and transcend borders. A mixed method was utilised to ascertain students’ awareness of international human rights laws and their perceptions of its applicability to practice. The findings show that there is limited knowledge among social work students on human rights covenants and conventions. This assessment is instructive to social work educators locally and internationally and points to the need for its integration into the curricula. Undergraduate generalist practitioners must leave the University with a clear understanding of these laws since many practice issues are transnational. There will be a need for international social work to be a taught course for undergraduate training to become generalist practitioners.

Author(s) Details:

Paulette Andrea Henry,
University of Guyana, Guyana.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAASS-V6/article/view/13723

Transformation of Vernacular and Particularised Education towards Integration into “Malaysian Education”: An Overview | Chapter 10 | Progress in Language, Literature and Education Research Vol. 2

 This unit discusses about transformation of Vernacular and Particularised Instruction towards Integration into “Malaysian Instruction”. To address the primary study concerns, the prevailing, detached education system is explained, with a devote effort to something mother-tongue vernacular instruction as well as added sub-set educational organizations like religious and "one-race" schools. Over decades, these have unavoidably amounted to social disturbance. It is discovered that educators place a high devote effort to something the national language and English's addition in the school curriculum, in addition to on the transformation and integration—rather than the removal of these educational subsets—into prevailing education. This can help evolve Malaysian instruction into a globally reputed instruction system. Educationists are again of the view that it can be then an active bonding tool for governmental unity. The pioneering education system from the early twentieth of one hundred years onwards had not tried sufficiently comprehensively the process of a fastening national socialization, towards a Malayan nationhood (thenceforth abounding onwards to a Malaysian knowledge of a one nation), cause the diverse communities were basically schooled alone in Malay and vernacular schools. This was also very much organized as such owing to the geographically divided and alie- nated living conditions of the people. The national education idea permits the teaching of sound, religion, and literature in the home language languages. In-depth individual-to-one interviews of greater primary school learners, were found to have skimpy knowledge in the Malay- national style and English, in topical information areas in Science, Moral Instruction, common knowledge ideas, and common civility welcomes.  The cultivation and inculcation of nationhood principles directed towards the expanding of the sense of belonging and solidarity in Malaysian teens and society, contributing to the progress of the Malaysian identity, needs expected assuredly the daily occupied call of these education organizations.

Author(s) Details:

Suranthiran Naidu M. N. Naidu,
College of Law, Government and International Studies, University Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia.

Sivaperegasam Rajanthiran,
College of Law, Government and International Studies, University Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PLLER-V2/article/view/12711

Factors Relating to Immigrants’ Contributions to Economic Growth in a Country: A Literature Review | Chapter 4 | An Overview on Business, Management and Economics Research Vol. 4

 Immigrants play an essential function in the economies of many countries general. This literature review analyzes and synthesizes existing research on several determinants related to the contribution of foreigners to economic growth in a country. This article review also focal points the complex interplay of factors that impact migrants’ ability to contribute to financial growth. They influence new skills, ideas, novelties, and perspectives, contributing to business-related growth. However, the factors that bring about immigrants’ offerings to economic growth are complex and versatile. It suggests that policies that support dialect learning, masculine consideration, legal rank, social integration, manufacturing-specific preparation, and cultural diversity can enhance the financial contributions of immigrants to a country’s saving.

Author(s) Details:

Emmanuel Aoudi Chance,
Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Bergen, Norway.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/AOBMER-V4/article/view/12237

Managing the Engineering Projects through the GIS Tools: A Recent Study | Chapter 7 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 9

 Nowadays, abundant cities, to a degree Jeddah, have a significant number of projects in various positions. As a result, there is an necessary need to implement a comprehensive and entirely integrated Project Management Solution (using the Primavera Enterprise series) that includes all projects now under construction or recently awarded in a single concentrated database. The unification of Primavera data in the geographical database is required in this place context. This projected solution will assist Stakeholders in correctly allocating staff to check the risks predicted to complete the project according to schedule and within the supposed budget. In this sense, the significance concerning this research, which is aimed at finding a cutting-edge IT answer that automates all Enterprise Project Management System procedures and protocols and offers linkage to geographic news systems programs ArcGIS to alter conventional project administration data output and reports into news within a terrestrial/location circumstances. Thus, visualizing project management output like uninterrupted/Gantt charts and/or tabular projects had connection with work status, comments, and flags and mixing this information in the presence of maps and layouts. The present study presents a comprehensive unification solution to obtain a link and a connection between attribute dossier coming from EPMS Primavera(P6) and Geographic dimensional data (part) by using GIS software., geotechnical, geophysical, and field surveys, concentrating on specific districts and not spending exertion and time in useless points.

Author(s) Details:

A. M. Abdel-Wahab,
Civil Engineering Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.

O. M. Malek,
Department of Civil Engineering, Higher Technological Institute, 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V9/article/view/9989

The Contribution of Language in the Social Integration of Arab Migrants and Refugees in Europe | Chapter 6 | Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 6

 Migration has forever been a challenge for European nations and a target for many Arab refugees and migrants. While the idea of integration aims to guarantee social union through the hospitality of diversity, that is understood as a two-habit process. Immigrants must accept the standards and basic values of European peoples and, on the other hand, host institutions must respect the dignity and unconnected identity of immigrants and take bureaucracy into account when drafting document internal policies. Integration accordingly concerns both bodies: immigrants and the host organization. The current study focuses on a particular intercultural issue related to the friendly integration of Arab migrants and expatriates, specifically the issue of dialect in relation to European societies. We'll research the plan and how it's regarded as an intercultural trait concerning migration and refugees. We'll analyze its profit, potential, impact on miscellaneous societies, and contribution to the public integration of migrants and refugees. Arabic is important to this research because it is the language used to communicate Arab culture over the a period of time and between era, as well as being important for Arab migrants and evacuees. Additionally, it serves as a communication and place for get-together for Arabs.  As the majority of refugees and settlers originate from Arab and Muslim countries with its own government, which talk many languages, the study of language is enormous and complex, but it should prominent due to allure significance in social unification.

Author(s) Details:

Ouael Sarsour,
Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, University of the Aegean, University Hill-81100, Mytilene, Greece.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAASS-V6/article/view/9495

How to Facilitate Immigration into a Nation by Applying Novel Economic Instruments| Chapter 1 | Current Aspects in Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 8

 Objectives: The Naturally Optimised Revenue Demand in Communities (NORDIC) model was working to upgrade transfer by providing a practical form. Authorities, legislators, and so forth got a tool to reduce the emigration procedure. The started model considered and advanced the populace's comprehensive agreement of immigrants.Methods: The submitted methods create affected shadow costs that were made acquainted into the public’s accounts to support monetary inducements to enhance the integration of migrants usually and aliens. One meaningful determinant that only by one number articulated by what method active the integration tactics was over earlier the joined shadow cost and allure affect the PSBR.Results: This case study revealed by what method the unification of migrants into the Swedish association could be enhanced by use of the NORDIC model. The judgments submitted a promising approach for utilizing business-related forms to help immigration and embellish the well-being of evacuees.Conclusions: According to the study’s judgments, the compliant NORDIC model might be used to embellish the Swedish migrants and value of growth, especially for exiles. Migration experts and leaders the one want a comprehensive finish to revamp flight procedure are potential end users. More research bear be met on evolving algorithms for distinguishing segments of migrants.

Author(s) Details:

Jan Stenis,
Nasbychaussen 52A, SE-291 35 Kristianstad, Sweden.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CABEF-V8/article/view/9187

Eurasian Integration and Law: An Approach to Issues of Theory and Practice | Book Publisher International

 The development of a new multi-vector policy, particularly in Eurasia, as well as the shift to multi-polarity and the escalating geopolitical competition as well as the rapid emergence of new regional regions globally provide unavoidable issues for the Eurasian countries. Since law regulates relationships on both a national and international level, it plays a crucial role in accomplishing these objectives.

The authors' notion of the development of Eurasian integration and law was laid out in this monograph; it was built upon an analysis of doctrinal approaches to the theoretical and legal foundations, the genesis, and the evolution of the Eurasian legal system. the primary elements and traits of Eurasian law as a component of international law. Examining the regional integration organisations in Eurasia has surely generated a lot of attention (summits, forums, programmes and initiatives).

Author(s) Details:

R. A. Kurbanov,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EILAITP/issue/view/789

Assessment of Hierarchical Structure and Approach To the Current Ecosystem Classification of Land| Chapter 3 | Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 3

The terrestrial ecosystem classification (ECL) was created, simplified as the organisational structure level, and explored as a hierarchical system. We recently explored applying hierarchical ecosystem categorization in the United States' 300 Dry Domain, Canada's 100 Polar Domain, and China's 500 Plateau Domain. Analyzing and examining the hierarchical theory in the implementation of the three specific ecoregions was the goal of studying land ecosystem categorization. In Western Utah, the United States, a thorough ECL case study was completed. The United States, North America, and the global continents were studied using Bailey's higher tiers ECL [1-3]. However, the ecological Mozaic on a sub-continental scale was used to construct Canada's continental ecoregion framework, which represents hierarchical ecoregions characterised by interaction and adjusting abiotic and biotic variables. Bailey's Ecosystem Categorization scheme most likely included China's Eco-geographic classification. We established that the top-level Domain contains an empty entity between the US and China ecoregion frameworks using a binary decision tree analysis. The Plateau Domain 500 has been included to the China ecoregion framework at the highest level. It contained humid, dub-humid, semiarid, and arid Provinces, as well as H.I. and HII Divisions. In addition, the hierarchical theory was used to study, assess, and execute three scenarios of lower-level ecological categorization. We can theoretically dismantle or reassemble a top-down hierarchical strategy [4]. In practise, once the system's size is reduced to fewer than 10 levels, it's usually simple to comprehend the degree of organisational structure and apply the ecosystem categorization.

Author(s) Details:

Zhang Yan Qing,
Department of Geography, School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A 1S6 Canada and  Research Center for Plateau Ecology, Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, the Chinese Academy of Science, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, P.R. of China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ECEES-V3/article/view/6686

Assessment of European Integration in Conditions of Globalization| Chapter 8 | Research Developments in Arts and Social Studies Vol.1

 In this paper, we look into the topic of European integration, namely the challenges that have arisen as a result of terrorist attacks by fundamentalist Islamists and, more broadly, the impact of the migrant/refugee crisis. Critical voices against the E.U. concept, and particularly the Euro and the Eurozone, have been raised as a result of the recent global financial catastrophe, which also affected the Eurozone. We'll look at the dangers of the European Union project failing, as well as the benefits of economic and political union for Europe. We'll also delve into the implications of numerous analyst ideas pushing for the disintegration of the Eurozone or the adoption of a Northern and Southern Euro. Is 'Brexit' proof of the E.U.'s integration project's failure, or can it eventually drive an acceleration of European integration? The purpose of this paper is to find answers to this question, as well as others related to this topic. According to our analysis, the leaders of the E.U. and European societies have two options: the first, which is more in favour due to the current context as well as the forces of stagnation, is a setback in the process of furthering European integration, with the simultaneous cancellation of the project for Europe's democratic integration in the medium to long term; the other option is the strengthening of European integration, with the rapid transformation of Europe's democratic integration in the medium to long term. For the better interest of all countries, rich and poor, northern and southern, eastern and western, a unified, democratic, European political plan is required: the construction of our future common European home, the United States of Europe.

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Konstantinos Chainas,
 Mathematician - Economics, System Analyst, 15o km Chalkida-Anthidona, 34100, Chalkida Evias, Greece.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDASS-V1/article/view/5726

Perception of Nigerians on Integrating Distance E-Learning into the Nigerian Education Curriculum | Chapter 6 | Current Research in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 1

 COVID-19 In Nigeria, a pandemic forces the closure of schools in order to curb and contain the outbreak. However, this has led in the entire cessation of formal education, affecting mostly instructors, students, and parents. The study's goal was to find out how Nigerians felt about incorporating remote e-learning into the Nigerian education curriculum. In Nigeria, distance e-learning, an alternate learning approach used in many nations to supplement formal education, is suffering. The importance of remote e-learning and its favourable impact on learners' academic accomplishments, especially at a higher level of education, cannot be emphasised. Nigeria has experience with remote e-learning, as evidenced by the academic programmes offered by the National Open University of Nigeria (both undergraduate and postgraduate). Nigerians are prepared to adapt this learning approach as a feasible option in the event of a national disaster. Accepting the learning approach, however, raises a number of concerns. These include certificate recognition as well as access to the necessary infrastructure, such as computers, printers, scanners, and the internet. The country will build on the achievements of Nigeria's National Open University in integrating distance e-learning into the national curriculum. Policymakers, particularly in the education sector, must create the necessary enabling environment (policies and infrastructures) for distance e-learning to be integrated into the Nigerian educational curriculum. To encourage proper participation of stakeholders, the motivation and reward system must be institutionalised at all levels. This chapter provides new insights for policymakers to guarantee that remote e-learning is successfully adapted and integrated into the Nigerian curriculum.

Author(S) Details

Zubaida Hassan
Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Nigeria.

Aisha Shitu Sai’d
Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Nigeria.

Adamu Mohammed Hassan
Department of Economics, School of Art and Social Sciences, Federal College of Education, Yola, Nigeria.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CRLLE-V1/article/view/4822

Integrated Dental Curriculum and Credit Hours | Chapter 9 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Many researchers believe that immunosenescence is to blame for the higher mortality seen in the elderly population during the current SARS-CoV 2 pandemic. SARS-CoV 2 infection causes a variety of symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic mild instances to more serious presentations. Primary immune cell defects and dysfunctions are thought to be the most crucial component in people who acquire the more serious version of the disease. These flaws could be in the PRRs of Dendritic cells' effective and early identification of PAMPs, or in the monocytes' and macrophages' delayed and hyper-inflammatory cytokine release in the lungs. The innate immune system response is currently being touted as a key element in illness prognosis. Even though immunosenescence is thought to be permanent, it is a dynamic process that can be reconditioned and improved. Gold nanoparticles (GNP), which have lately been explored for their ability to act as carriers of vaccinations and chemotherapeutic medicines, are one agent that can reinvigorate the ageing immune system. GNP treatment in rats resulted in an increase in lymphocyte cell populations as well as dendritic cell and macrophage activation. Because immunosenescence induces a reduction of naive T and B cells, GNP may be beneficial. Dendritic cells and macrophages that recognise PAMPs better may be able to generate a more effective response to the invading virus. For millennia, India has employed elemental gold compositions to treat ailments ranging from fevers to memory loss to senility. Because some formulations are suggested for infants, their safety is unquestionable. Such formulations, when modified appropriately, can play a critical role in oral vaccinations against not only Covid 19, but a wide spectrum of other influenza viruses.

Author(S) Details

Ashfaq Akram
Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan and College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Ulfat Bashir
Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Alia Ahmed
Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Yawar Hayat Khan
Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

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A Functional View of Hybrid-Cloud Environment: An Approach towards Use Cases and Best Practices| Chapter 3 | New Approaches in Engineering Research Vol. 9

 The additional flexibility and agility that it enables organisations for transferring their workloads and applications onto the cloud environment as business requirements and budgets alter, makes the Hybrid-Cloud Environment an interesting field of research. Governments, nonprofits, educational institutions, and Product and Service Oriented Companies are all using a hybrid-cloud deployment model to modernise their IT platform, improve service availability, expand IT capacity, and build highly reliable, fault-tolerant applications, systems, and infrastructure on cloud. and to be more innovative. This paper explores best practises for extending and enhancing hybrid-cloud infrastructures by smoothly integrating on-premises infrastructure with cloud native solutions from various cloud suppliers. The work in this paper also discusses some of the popular use cases and how organisations can leverage cloud analytics, artificial intelligence tools, and scalability of their Hybrid-Cloud Environment while also maintaining greater control and operational flexibility over their data for compliance purposes, in response to the complexities involved in hybrid-cloud deployment.

Author (S) Details

Prashant Tyagi
CITP MBCS, IEEE Senior, Scottsdale, USA.

P. P. Sharada Devi
Scottsdale, USA.

View Book :-https://stm.bookpi.org/NAER-V9/article/view/2816