Child labor persists as a critical issue in Sierra Leone's diamond mining sector, where minors endure hazardous conditions contrary to international labor standards. This article delves into the complexities surrounding child labor in Sierra Leone's diamond mines, focusing on the discord between local legislation and international regulations aimed at safeguarding children's rights. Sierra Leone's rich diamond reserves attract significant investment, yet the industry is marred by the exploitation of vulnerable populations, particularly children. Despite domestic laws prohibiting child labor, enforcement remains weak, and regulatory frameworks often fall short of international standards. This disconnect exacerbates the plight of children engaged in hazardous mining activities, exposing them to physical dangers and health risks and denying them access to education and a dignified childhood. The juxtaposition of Sierra Leone's local laws with international conventions, such as the International Labour Organization's Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labor (Convention No. 182) and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), highlights the urgent need for harmonization and effective enforcement mechanisms. While international treaties advocate for the elimination of child labor in all its forms, including mining, implementation at the national level needs to be more cohesive and adequate. Addressing the root causes of child labor in Sierra Leone's diamond mines necessitates a multifaceted approach. Strengthening legal frameworks, enhancing monitoring and enforcement mechanisms, and investing in education and alternative livelihoods are imperative steps towards eradicating this entrenched issue. Moreover, fostering collaboration between local authorities, industry stakeholders, and international organizations is indispensable for effecting sustainable change and protecting children's rights in Sierra Leone's diamond mining sector. Author(s) Details Emmanuel Allicious Macpherson Sam Jengo, Sam & Partners Law Firm, Sierra Leone. Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpassr/v2/1093

 

Child labor persists as a critical issue in Sierra Leone's diamond mining sector, where minors endure hazardous conditions contrary to international labor standards. This article delves into the complexities surrounding child labor in Sierra Leone's diamond mines, focusing on the discord between local legislation and international regulations aimed at safeguarding children's rights. Sierra Leone's rich diamond reserves attract significant investment, yet the industry is marred by the exploitation of vulnerable populations, particularly children. Despite domestic laws prohibiting child labor, enforcement remains weak, and regulatory frameworks often fall short of international standards. This disconnect exacerbates the plight of children engaged in hazardous mining activities, exposing them to physical dangers and health risks and denying them access to education and a dignified childhood. The juxtaposition of Sierra Leone's local laws with international conventions, such as the International Labour Organization's Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labor (Convention No. 182) and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), highlights the urgent need for harmonization and effective enforcement mechanisms. While international treaties advocate for the elimination of child labor in all its forms, including mining, implementation at the national level needs to be more cohesive and adequate. Addressing the root causes of child labor in Sierra Leone's diamond mines necessitates a multifaceted approach. Strengthening legal frameworks, enhancing monitoring and enforcement mechanisms, and investing in education and alternative livelihoods are imperative steps towards eradicating this entrenched issue. Moreover, fostering collaboration between local authorities, industry stakeholders, and international organizations is indispensable for effecting sustainable change and protecting children's rights in Sierra Leone's diamond mining sector.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Emmanuel Allicious Macpherson Sam

Jengo, Sam & Partners Law Firm, Sierra Leone.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpassr/v2/1093

Challenge and Ethical Concerns in Brain-Computer Interface Application | Chapter 6 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 7

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are commonly used in Neurological Rehabilitation, epilepsy management, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and similar diseases. BCI can improve the communication skills of people affected by these diseases. They can be used to improve learning, work, or overall mental performance by measuring attention and stress levels, using this information. Individuals with spasms or loss of muscle control can carry out various tasks by communicating their thoughts via a computer. BCI technology can help the sick move by recording brain signals, using signals.
 
Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder that occurs because of the death or damage of brain cells. This disease often causes difficulties in movement control and coordination. BCI technology can be used to improve the quality of life of Parkinson's patients and manage some of their symptoms.
 
Among all concerns discussed in the literature, the most frequently discussed topics include the safety of BCI devices and the associated risk/benefit balance for the BCI user. The security of devices to which BCI is connected may be exposed to the intervention of malicious individuals or groups. Threats such as attacks via brain-computer interfaces or information theft could be involved. BCI can change the dynamics of communication and interaction between people. Such changes can lead to ethical concerns about how to adapt to social and cultural norms and adapt to these changes.
 
This study will try to review the risk/benefit balance and possible ethical issues of this technology, which provides a powerful challenge, especially in the treatment of neurological diseases.

Author(s) Details:

Kadircan H. Keskinbora,
School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V7/article/view/13743

Analyzing the Integration of Human Rights into Undergraduate Social Work Education | Chapter 6 | Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 6

Understanding human rights is critically important in social work education and practice. This is further emphasized in the global definition of social work which highlights that as a practice-based profession and academic discipline, social work relies on the principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversity. Concomitantly, social work education must ensure that students know and understand human rights laws especially those which are inherent to all human beings and are often expressed and guaranteed by international law which Governments are expected to uphold. As duty bearers, social workers commit to supporting governments in the upholding of those agreements pertinent to the well-being of the people. This paper examined the knowledge of undergraduate students of international agreements/laws before leaving the University. These agreements not only speak to nation-states but to universal practices. Many social work issues are universal and transcend borders. A mixed method was utilised to ascertain students’ awareness of international human rights laws and their perceptions of its applicability to practice. The findings show that there is limited knowledge among social work students on human rights covenants and conventions. This assessment is instructive to social work educators locally and internationally and points to the need for its integration into the curricula. Undergraduate generalist practitioners must leave the University with a clear understanding of these laws since many practice issues are transnational. There will be a need for international social work to be a taught course for undergraduate training to become generalist practitioners.

Author(s) Details:

Paulette Andrea Henry,
University of Guyana, Guyana.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAASS-V6/article/view/13723

Study on Inclusive Education and Human Rights | Chapter 12 | Recent Research Advances in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 1

 Inclusive instruction is widely recognized as a fundamental human right for all individuals and it is established the widely approved assumption that equal education contributes to individual and friendly wellbeing. However, many juniors with special instructional needs continue to be orderly segregated into “special classrooms”, that circumvents their right to inclusive instruction. The objective of this study is to scrutinize the ways at which point inclusive education is had connection with human rights, to form recommendations and finally, draw ends with respect to the right of all-embracing education for disadvantaged groups of toddlers. To realize this aim, a explanatory study has been conducted in consideration of provide factual information from both the Greek and worldwide literature.

Author(s) Details:

Asimina Riga,
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.

Konstantinos Malafantis,
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RRAASS-V1/article/view/12383

Bioethics and Physical Medicine: From the Heritage of Asclepius and Hippocrates to the Contemporary Rehabilitation Clinical Practice| Chapter 4 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 Current article proposes some parallels between the principles of the healing art of the god of Medicine Asclepius, the father of Medicine Hippocrates and the modern medical specialty Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM). Common principles of Asclepius tradition, Hippocratism and PRM include: application of natural therapeutic factors and methods, holistic approach, objective. In all cases, the goal is functional recovery of the patient and amelioration of his quality of life.

The present study sought to investigate the opinion of participants in rehabilitation process (academic staff, rehabilitation team and patients) – concerning their bioethical notions in the rehabilitation field and to realize a comparative evaluation of these perceptions in the early and long-term rehabilitation.

Our randomised double-blind study included 105 participants divided into five groups (21 participants per group). All respondents were given a standardised test that covered the principles of the UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics and the List of Bioethical Topics.

Many principles of the Declaration on Bioethics are closely related to Asclepius and Hippocrates traditions, as well as concerns of physical medicine and rehabilitation clinical practise, in particular: Human dignity and human rights, Autonomy; Consent; Equality and equity; Non-discrimination and non-stigmatisation (for patients with disability). From the list of bioethical topics, the marked most important issues were: Assisted suicide, Euthanasia, Human research, Neuroethics, Pain management.

Patients' consent, autonomy, human dignity, and research are regarded as the most important elements by members of the academic staff and the staff of PRM Departments. Patients in the early rehabilitation department rated the following as the most important: pain management, the right to use modern treatment and rehabilitation methods and devices, the right to use modern technical aids, and the right to select members of the rehabilitation team. Significant items for patients in the chronic phase were autonomy, home adaptation, the right to proper information, and the right to use contemporaneous treatment methods and devices. Bioethics is considered to be a crucial link between rehabilitation and human values by all respondents. We explain principal parallels between the tradition of Asclepius and Hippocrates and contemporaneous physical medicine.

Author(s) Details:

Ivet Koleva,
Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria and Long-term Care and Rehabilitation Hospital “Serdika” – Sofia, Bulgaria and University Hospital for Active Care - National Heart Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Borislav Yoshinov,
Medical Faculty of Sofia University – Sofia, Bulgaria.

Julieta Gerenova,
Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria.

Todor Dimitrov,
Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria.

Alexandra Traykovska,
Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria.

Radoslav R. Yoshinov,
University of Telecommunications, Beijing, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V7/article/view/8642

A Critical Review of Some Issues and Essential Elements in Constitutional Environmental Rights in an African Context with some Illustrations from South Africa and Swaziland | Chapter 6 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 1

Recent studies have shown that it is relatively new to the jurisprudence of constitutional environmental protections and requirements. The goal of this research was to review and synthesise literature with reference to South Africa and Swaziland on the underlying fundamental principles and patterns of constitutional environmental rights in Africa. Three recognised approaches to environmental rights are also recognised: anthropocentric (people-centered), ecocentric (environment-centered), theo-cultural and theocentricism (of culture and religion). Procedural, substantive, and unity are forms of environmental rights. In addition, environmental rights types include civil and political rights, also known as negative (enforceable) rights, and socio-economic rights, also called positive rights (not easily enforceable and requires state resources). The establishment and enforcement of environmental rights is assisted by many state, regional and international policies and legislation. For African countries, the African Charter on Human and People's Rights is relevant. Public engagement, the collection and distribution of environmental information, the creation and implementation of environmental legislation, policies and programmes, environmental compliance and enforcement, the provision of environmental infrastructure, the setting up of environmental collaborations and environmental education are important elements for the fulfilment of environmental rights. In particular, Africa, South Africa and Swaziland were found in this analysis to have embraced, to varying degrees, the principle of constitutional environmental rights and provisions. Consequently, to facilitate the protection of environmental rights, policies and regulations are in effect.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Cliff Sibusiso Dlamini
Center for Coordination of Agricultural Research and Development for Southern Africa (CCARDESA), Plot 4701, Station Exit Road Private Bag 00357, Gaborone, Botswana.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CIEES-V1/issue/view/33