Seasonal Abundance and Diversity of Arthropod Communities in Bt Cotton Agro-ecosystem of Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India | Chapter 8 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 7

 

Cotton is one of the important and leading prime cash crops in the Indian economy. Cultivation of genetically modified Bt cotton resulted in an increase in yield, and the adoption of Bt cotton has decreased the use of chemical pesticides, which are much hazardous for the environment and human health. The cotton ecosystem is a shelter for many pests and predatory arthropod communities. The aim of the study is to investigate the diversity and seasonal patterns of arthropod populations in Bt cotton fields in Kalaburagi, Karnataka, to understand their occurrence, abundance, and impact on the Bt cotton ecosystem. The Present study was conducted at the Bt-cotton fields of the opted study area of Kalaburagi. Various sampling techniques were used to collect arthropod samples, namely, the sweep net technique, pit-fall technique and the light-trap technique. The results clearly suggest that a total of 21 arthropod species were recorded, among them 13 insects were categorised as pests and 8 were natural enemies. Apart from that, 3 species of predatory spiders were recorded. In the Bt cotton agro-ecosystem, leafhoppers, whiteflies, aphids, thrips, mites, and red cotton bugs were abundant during the 35th, 36th, 40th, 38th, 39th and 46th SMW. On the other hand, natural enemies, viz, spiders, ladybird beetles, lace wings, hover flies and ants, were found predominantly for the duration of 34th to 36th SMW. A correlation study shows that rainfall had a negative correlation with semilooper, whitefly, leafhopper, hoverfly fly and green lacewings. Significantly positive correlation was observed between maximum temperature and mealy bug, green stink bug, pink bollworm and green lacewing, hoverfly, white flies, and chafer beetle and spider population. Diversity of arthropod fauna was moderate to rich in the Bt cotton agro-ecosystem of the selected study area (H'=2.09) with higher abundance of aphids followed by whiteflies, leaf hoppers, mites, thrips and red cotton bugs. The findings highlight the dynamic interaction between pest and natural enemy populations under varying climatic conditions, providing useful insights for integrated pest management strategies in Bt-cotton cultivation.

 

 

Author(s) Details

AMBRISHA VENKATESHWAR
Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Zoology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, 585106, India.

 

K. VIJAYKUMAR
Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Zoology, Gulbarga University, Kalaburagi, 585106, India.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v7/6225

 

Principles and Constructs of Environmental Pollution Studies | Book Publisher International

 

This book is entitled ‘Principles and Constructs of Environmental Pollution Studies’. Though it talks more about water and the atmosphere, some concepts of waste management were properly elucidated. The challenges associated with the global anthropogenic inputs cannot be over-emphasised. This book is centred on environmental pollution, particularly water, atmospheric composition, waste and waste management, food additives and preservatives. The need to give more detailed information and concepts of environmental studies necessitated the birth of this compendium. This book gives easier and well-understood meanings and definitions of salient concepts such as climate change, global warming, the greenhouse effect, acclimation, pollutants, contaminants, additives, and preservation. Some of these additives have been found to be lethal and toxic to humans. There is a need for undergraduates, graduates, environmentalists and lovers of the environment to read about the conservation of the ecosystem as shown in this book. This is because the environment remains our only inheritance and legacy for the present and future generations so as to attain sustainable development.

 

Author(s) Details

Iyama, William Azuka

Institute of Geosciences and Environmental Management, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Nwagbara, Victor Uzoma

Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48006-87-5

Environmental Hazards of Chemical Pollution: Assessments and Mitigation | Book Publisher International

 

"Environmental Hazards of Chemical Pollution: Assessments and Mitigation" thoroughly investigates the complex effects and management of dangerous chemicals on human health and ecosystems. After providing an overview of environmental chemistry, the book explores the origins, characteristics, and actions of dangerous substances found in soil, water, and air. It addresses the risks to both acute and chronic health by analyzing their effects on ecosystem resilience, biodiversity, and human populations. Effective risk assessment, management, and sustainable practices are crucial, as demonstrated by international agreements, case studies of notable incidents, and regulatory frameworks. The book explores new developments in green chemistry, emerging technologies, and how chemical safety fits into the larger picture of global sustainability. It also makes the case for teamwork in reducing chemical risks in the future and securing a more sustainable and safe future.

 

Author(s) Details

Theeranat Suwanaruang
Faculty of Science and Health Technology, Kalasin University, Thailand.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-977902-5-6

Evaluating Home Range, Foraging Behaviour, and Roost Loyalty of Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bats in Semi-Urban Areas Using Telemetry | Chapter 1 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 1

The present study aims to document the emergence and return timings, night roost usage, foraging patterns, social interactions within the colony, alternate roost sites for females, and roost fidelity among both male and female bats. Radio telemetry is a crucial technique in wildlife ecology used to monitor animal movements and behaviours, helping to delineate their home ranges and habitat preferences. Bats, a highly diverse group of mammals, play vital roles in ecosystems through their foraging activities, such as seed dispersal, pollination, and pest control. This study employed radio telemetry to investigate the foraging behaviours, movement ranges, and roosting flexibility of the Greater Short-nosed Fruit Bat (Cynopterus sphinx) species.

 

In this research, a total of 15 bats were outfitted with compact, hand-wired, two-stage transmitter radio devices. The group included two harem males, nine harem females, and four non-harem males. To track these radio-tagged bats, three groups used TRX-1000S receivers paired with collapsible 5-element Yagi antennas. The findings revealed distinct patterns in emergence times and foraging behaviours. Female bats were the first to leave their roosts, with departure times ranging from 18:15 to 19:18 hours. Harem males, on the other hand, were the last to emerge, following the quicker departure of non-harem males. On average, harem males foraged within a distance of 2.4 km (±0.3 km), while non-harem males travelled further distances. Both male and female bats visited multiple feeding sites each night. Females travelled an average distance of 4.5 km (±0.9 km). The time spent at these foraging sites varied among individual bats. The study observation highlights the dynamic nature of roosting and social behaviour among Cynopterus sphinx, particularly females, who exhibit more fluidity in roosting preferences and social associations than males.

 

A notable difference was observed in roost fidelity; males exhibited higher roost fidelity than females, who frequently moved between harems and roost sites. The study highlighted gender-specific differences in emergence times and foraging behaviours. Understanding these patterns is essential for conservation and habitat management efforts, as it underscores the need to support bats in their roles as providers of crucial ecosystem services. Further, the immediate outcome of this study is tent construction, tent defence, and harem formation were strictly male-biased behaviours, and females contributed to parental care entirely. The evolution of sex-biased social behaviours has contributed to considerable variation in sex-biased dispersal patterns, foraging patterns, and spatial movement patterns.

 

Author (s) Details

Paramanantha Swami Doss, D
Centre for Behavioural and Immuno-Ecology, Department of Zoology, St. John’s College, Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu– 627 002, India.

 

Sudhakaran, M. R.
Department of Zoology, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi, Tenkasi District., Tamil Nadu– 627 412, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v1/1574

 

Environmental and Ethical Considerations of Natural Products | Chapter 9 | Natural Products Chemistry: From Discovery to Applications, Edition 1

Research on natural products holds considerable importance, particularly in the domains of healing, agriculture, and manufacturing. However, the environmental and ethical implications related to their acquisition, manufacture, and application are becoming increasingly significant in a deteriorating environment that is rapidly losing species. This chapter presents a case study of large-scale natural product extraction within ecosystems, focusing on the exploitation of natural resource availability, vegetation removal, and the integration of sustainable yield practices. Additional concerns encompass biopiracy, the utilization of indigenous knowledge, and the equitable distribution of benefits derived from the use of various natural resources. The chapter proposes that natural product research and commercialization should sustain, distribute, and conserve resources equitably within the natural environment.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Priyanka Rani
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Pawan Kumar Shukla
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48388-70-4/CH9 

Illegal Trade in Wildlife Products and Sustainable Development | Chapter 13 | Exploration of Knowledge and Information in Sciences

 Wildlife species play a crucial role in the functioning of ecosystems, supporting population dynamics and ecological balance. Over 1.6 billion people rely on forests for food or fuel, and 70 million people live near woods globally, many of whom are Indigenous populations. Wildlife supports uncommon, threatened, or endangered plants and helps stabilize various natural processes. Communities and populations are collections of living things that coexist in the same space, and ecosystems are made up of multiple species and their interactions when abiotic factors are taken into account. After habitat loss, the trade in wildlife is the second biggest danger to the essential biodiversity of our world. There are many different parties involved in the illegal wildlife trade, including governments, non-governmental organizations, local communities, and international organizations. It is a complex issue. This essay focuses on the difficulties that the global wildlife trade faces, such as those related to legislation, enforcement, public awareness, education, and the underlying factors that drive consumer demand for illicit wildlife items. Crime related to wildlife is exploited to fuel conflict and add instability to already unstable nations. The destruction of wildlife has a negative economic influence on countries all over the world. Elephant populations have been severely reduced as a result of the demand for ivory in Asia and among antiquities merchants worldwide for its aesthetically pleasing applications, such as carved decorative goods. Since this disaster, the world has united to put an end to the illegal ivory trade in order to conserve elephants. Elephants continue to be killed by poachers more often than by natural causes, with the amount of illegally sold ivory reaching its highest level in almost thirty years between 2011 and 2016. Alleged to possess therapeutic properties, rhinoceros horns rank among the most costly materials on the globe. Some nations persistently pursue permission to deal in rhino horn, despite the dire situation facing the animal. Certain nations are creating advanced technological systems to pinpoint the exact source of questionable animal items and locate areas where poaching is most prevalent. Understanding the laws and regulations pertaining to wildlife would aid in the protection and conservation of wildlife and its products during the design process, ensuring that no act's provisions are broken.

 

Author (s) Details

Tarsem Kumar
Department of Zoology, Government P. G. College, Ambala Cantt, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-02-0/CH13

Ecological Approach on Investigating the Open Pit Lakes Developed in Oltenia Mining Region: A Case Study of Urdari Lake, Romania | Chapter 2 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 6

 

This study aims to present some ecological aspects regarding these lakes, and, as case study, we chose the lake formed in the remaining gap of Urdari open-pit (within the Rovinari Mining Basin). Artificial lakes, resulting either from damming watercourses or by flooding of gaps resulting from excavations are often found all over the world.

Formation of so-called open-pit lakes has become an increasingly common practice in Romania (more precisely in the Oltenia Mining Basin, where the lignite deposit contained in Dacian and Romanian formations was and is extracted through open-pits). The flooding process of the remaining gaps is in general a natural one, as water comes from underground sources (phreatic and pressurized aquifers) and from precipitations (including runoff waters from the surrounding terrains). This practice is considered to be a type of ecological reconstruction of former exploitation areas and has been applied worldwide for quite a time (in Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Spain, USA, Australia, etc.). The modifications of the physical and chemical properties of the biotope are the consequence of the activity of the biocenoses. There is an interdependence between the biotope and the biocenosis, the interrelationships are close and the influences are mutual. However, the authors consider that given the multitude of similar conditions (bioclimate, geology, topography, etc.) in which they form, the preliminary conclusions of this study can be extrapolated for other lakes in the area (existing, such South Peșteana and Moi, or planned, such as Roșia and North Peșteana). This study presents data on the existing biotope and biocenoses (restricted to species identification), without going into specific details

 

Author(s) Details:

Dr. Eng. Florin Faur
Department of Environmental Engineering and Geology, University of Petrosani, University Street, No. 20, 332006, Petrosani, Romania.

 

Dr. Eng. Izabela-Maria Apostu
Department of Environmental Engineering and Geology, University of Petrosani, University Street, No. 20, 332006, Petrosani, Romania.

 

Dr. Eng. Maria Lazăr
Department of Environmental Engineering and Geology, University of Petrosani, University Street, No. 20, 332006, Petrosani, Romania.

 

Please see the book here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/eieges/v6/7278C

Ecological Approach on Investigating the Open Pit Lakes Developed in Oltenia Mining Region: A Case Study of Urdari Lake, Romania | Chapter 2 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 6

This study aims to present some ecological aspects regarding these lakes, and, as case study, we chose the lake formed in the remaining gap of Urdari open-pit (within the Rovinari Mining Basin). Artificial lakes, resulting either from damming watercourses or by flooding of gaps resulting from excavations are often found all over the world.

Formation of so-called open-pit lakes has become an increasingly common practice in Romania (more precisely in the Oltenia Mining Basin, where the lignite deposit contained in Dacian and Romanian formations was and is extracted through open-pits). The flooding process of the remaining gaps is in general a natural one, as water comes from underground sources (phreatic and pressurized aquifers) and from precipitations (including runoff waters from the surrounding terrains). This practice is considered to be a type of ecological reconstruction of former exploitation areas and has been applied worldwide for quite a time (in Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Spain, USA, Australia, etc.). The modifications of the physical and chemical properties of the biotope are the consequence of the activity of the biocenoses. There is an interdependence between the biotope and the biocenosis, the interrelationships are close and the influences are mutual. However, the authors consider that given the multitude of similar conditions (bioclimate, geology, topography, etc.) in which they form, the preliminary conclusions of this study can be extrapolated for other lakes in the area (existing, such South Pesteana and Moi, or planned, such as Rosia and North Pesteana). This study presents data on the existing biotope and biocenoses (restricted to species identification), without going into specific details about populations, ecosystem production, energy and matter flows within it, as these investigations demand a longer period of time and more resources and are foreseen for a future development stage of this study. We recommend continuous monitoring of the vegetation in the studied area, in order to complete the inventory with phytocoenoses whose emergence is related to natural multi-annual dynamics as well as human interventions.

Author(s) Details:

Florin Faur,
Department of Environmental Engineering and Geology, University of Petrosani, University Street, No. 20, 332006, Petrosani, Romania.

Izabela-Maria Apostu,
Department of Environmental Engineering and Geology, University of Petrosani, University Street, No. 20, 332006, Petrosani, Romania.

Maria Lazar,
Department of Environmental Engineering and Geology, University of Petrosani, University Street, No. 20, 332006, Petrosani, Romania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V6/article/view/13063

Three-way Interactions Between Plants, Microbes and Insects Communities | Chapter 12 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 4

 Plants related specifically or in a roundabout way accompanying microscopic animals and creepy crawlies within the surroundings. They speak to advantageous interplay, commensalism, commensalism, and parasitism as PMI intuitive. Intuitive 'tween plants, organisms and creepy crawlies have abundant environmental and enlightening preferences. Through plant-mediated impacts, creatures can shape creepy crawly societies, and creepy crawlies can shape microbial societies. On the other hand, microbial communities can impact plant and creepy spooky choice. Whereas plants, organisms, and creepy crawlies show many advantageous forms that benefit or hurt them, they are moreover affected by biological, genomic, and climate changes. This audit focal points the biological importance of three plant-microbe-insect brainy and examines the favorable interaction of vegetables and nitrogen-repairing rhizobia. Nitrogen-fixing symbiont frameworks play an fault-finding part in expanding the copiousness and efficiency of low-nitrogen soils. Rhizobium-edible part of plant beneficial interaction is thought-out one of the best and brightest arrangements for expanding soil potency.

Author(s) Details:

Sushil Kumar Barolia,
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kota, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005, India.

Pallavi Sharma,
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kota, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005, India.

Zainul Abideen Ansari,
Department of Biotechnology, University of Kota, Kota, Rajasthan, 324005, India.

Sandeep Kumar,
Department of Biotechnology, Shri JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Jhunjhunu-333001, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V4/article/view/11982

Ant Fauna of Assam A Case Study at Gauhati University Campus, Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam | Book Publisher International

Ants are the most abundant and successful organisms in the world. They attract human attention for their fascinating teamwork, disciplined movement, division of labor, selfless service to colony members, painful stinging, and unwanted presence in household items. They are the intelligent invertebrates that had initiated the practice of farming of fungi millions of years before human arrival, could build well-protected nests and territoriality, developed collective skills of foraging and mutualistic relationships with hemipteran insects for nutritional rewards, etc. In terrestrial ecosystems, ants play many vital roles that determine the health of the ecosystem as many other fauna and flora are directly or indirectly dependent on the ant community. The rapid changes in forest cover, land patterns, climatic conditions, etc., and over-dependency on pesticides and fertilizers impact on the ant community and diversity. Therefore, it is imperative to study this most dominant fauna at current times at least to document their present status and also to understand the health of the ecosystem and generate baseline information. The state of Assam in India is a part of the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot of the world but only a few studies on ant fauna have been carried out till now from this part. The existing checklist of ant species in Assam shows the presence of 217 species of ants under 58 genera. However, a detailed study of these ant species is needed. Gauhati University campus, Guwahati, Assam, offers a meeting place of different habitats viz. dense and fringed forests, hilly areas, natural and man-made wetlands, open plain fields, and undulating hilly terrain, grassland, cultivated area, protected botanical garden, human settlement area with concrete and Assam type buildings where chances of occurrence of diverse ant species are more. Hence this area is selected for the case study of ant fauna and recorded the presence of 41 species of ants that account for 18.89% of the total species recorded from the state. In the first chapter along with the general introduction about ants, we describe these 41 species of ants mentioning their morphological characteristics, feeding and nesting habitats, pest/predator status, and distribution.

Ants are generally avoided by predators for their equipped defensive strategies. Ant-mimicking spiders mimic ants morphologically to get protection from predators in one way and deceive their prey in another way. They chemically mimic ants to get constant resources and protection in the stable microhabitat that is the ant’s nest. As of now, a total of 13 families of spiders are known to show myrmecomorphy of which the majority of the myrmecomorphic spiders belong to Salticidae and Clubionidae families. Many species of the genus Myrmarachne of the Salticidae family show ant-like appearance with elongated bodies and narrow anterior abdominal parts giving the apparent shape of the petiole of ants.  Mostly the ant species belonging to the sub-families Formicinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Pseudomyrmecinae, and Dolichoderinae are used as model organisms by different spider species. Some of the mimicry is highly species-specific and some are general. In the second chapter of the book, we discuss the myrmecomorphic spiders and their model ants. Studies about ant-mimicking spiders and their association with the model ants in India are still scanty. On the campus of Gauhati University, we encountered 10 ant-mimicking spiders which show morphological resemblance with different model ants present on the campus. Of the recorded myrmecomorphs, six species are under the genus Myrmarachne, and one species each from the genera Myrmaplata, Toxeus, Cambalida, and Apochinoma.

Many ant species are often seen visiting flowers. But whether they perform a pollination role has long been a topic of debate. A school of scientists opined that ants are poor pollinators as their body morphology, behavior, and chemical profile are against successful pollen transfer and pollen viability. Rather ants’ presence deters other potential pollinators from flowers. Another group of researchers claims that the flower-visiting ants only ward off inefficient pollinators, not the efficient ones. At the same time, in arid and semi-arid zones where winged pollinating insects are minimal or absent, certain ant species solely perform the role of pollination. In the third chapter, we discuss the flower-visiting ants and their functional roles in pollination based on existing literature. A list of flower-visiting ants recorded on the campus of Gauhati University is also presented.

Overall, these three chapters give a comprehensive idea about the ants of Assam, ant-mimicking spiders and their model ants, and the functional role of ants in pollination particularly in the context of the selected study site.

Author(s) Details:

Bulbuli Khanikor,
Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Hridisha Nandana Hazarika,
Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Jitumoni Das,
Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Dipamani Sarma,
Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/AFAACSGUCGKA/article/view/11908

Microplastic Pollution: Fate, Sources, Transport and Identification | Chapter 3 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 2

 The atmosphere, both aquatic and earthly, is highly stained with microplastics which are establish everywhere across the environment. Microplastics, particles of plastic accompanying a diameter inferior than 5 mm, have become of global tangible concern because they can be moved to far distances and end up in the environments and cause harms to marine life in addition to a range of other living belongings including algae, zooplankton, cast, crabs, sea turtles, fowls and human health. The increasing aggregation and negative impacts of microplastics on environment and health are further infuriate by their non-biodegradable type and has made microplastics to attract attention. In this review, we climax the sources and outcome of microplastics in the environment as well as their transport and plans (destructive and non-hurtful) of identification.

Author(s) Details:

Samuel Igwe,
Department of Chemistry, Federal University Otuoke, P.M.B.-126, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Charles G. Ikimi,
Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Otuoke, P.M.B.-126, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Olufunso O. Abosede,
Department of Chemistry, Federal University Otuoke, P.M.B.-126, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V2/article/view/10661

Relationship between Necrotizing Periodontitis and Novel Corona Virus: An Updated Review | Chapter 9 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 5

 

The relationship between novel corona virus and necrotizing periodontitis is highlighted in the current investigation. Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP) is a serious inflammatory periodontal disease that typically manifests quickly and is brought on by bacterial plaque. Dysbiosis in complex microbial populations in the mouth is regarded to be a main ecological stressor brought on by poor oral hygiene. This paper raises the prospect that patients with periodontitis may be more likely to experience COVID-19-related negative consequences, potentially expanding the list of factors that predispose people to acquiring severe forms of the disease after adequate clinical validation. This study also raises the prospect that patients with periodontitis may be more likely to experience COVID-19-related negative consequences, thereby expanding the list of factors that predispose people to acquiring severe forms of the disease after adequate clinical validation.

Author(s) Details:

Monica Lamba,
ECHS, Chandigarh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V5/article/view/7658

Climate Change Scenario in Sustainability and Existential Risks | Chapter 2 | Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 4

In order to balance the need for development with environmental conservation, the first section of this chapter gives an outline of the conceptual framework of sustainability. The relationship between structural and functional variety in natural ecosystem functioning and the environmental filters that govern its capacity to provide services sustainably is discussed. The adoption of the "17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2018 are also highlighted," which is followed by a brief historical overview of eco-development initiatives started by the United Nations and other pertinent organisations. The discussion of humanity's existential and prospective future hazards follows, with particular emphasis on the present and potential future effects of global climate change as a result of the switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. The chapter finishes with a look ahead and enlightened optimism about accomplishing the Paris Agreement's objectives through technical innovation, the development of national policies, and national commitment.

Author (s) Details

M. B. Awang

Fellow of Academy Sciences Malaysia, Department of Environmental Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.

 

View Book :-  https://stm.bookpi.org/ECEES-V4/article/view/7576

Significance of Green Spaces and Their Impact on Climate Design and Ecosystem Efficiency | Chapter 6 | Current Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

When it comes to creating green areas, the governorate of Anbar seems to have forgotten to consider how artificial and natural elements interact with one another and the surrounding climate. The natural environment has an impact on the climate, which is severe in the hot, arid region and demands developing strategies for climatic design and attaining ecosystem efficiency, as well as creating green spaces fit with the nature of the city and its residents. The study's goal is to attain high ecosystem efficiency while recognising the value of green areas in climate design. The goal of the study is to determine how green areas might improve the local environment in desert towns with hot, dry weather, such as Anbar Governorate (study sample), and accomplishing both the ecosystem's efficiency and the sustainability of its climatic design. The research produced a number of suggested solutions that may be used to address the problems and issues that green areas in the cities of the Anbar Governorate are now facing. The research produced a number of suggested solutions that may be used to address the problems and issues that green areas in the cities of the Anbar Governorate are now facing. Among them are the maintenance and conservation of green spaces as well as increasing their effectiveness and surface area by turning unused areas into green spaces. Additionally, implementing many of the suggestions would highlight the value of green areas in establishing environmental harmony and aesthetic harmony in the cities of the Anbar Governorate.

Author(s) Details:

Zeyad Mohammed Abdulrazzaq,
Department of Horticulture and Engineering of Gardens, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Iraq.

Atheer Hashim Abdul Majeed,
Department of Horticulture and Engineering of Gardens, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Iraq.

Mohammed Salim Jumaah,
Department of Soil Sciences and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Iraq.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAGEES-V5/article/view/7531

Community, Regionalism and Sustainable Ecosystem (The effect of these Three Components in Hospitals)| Chapter 11 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 3

Hospital structures are receiving a lot of attention these days. Given the complex architecture of treatment facilities, the issue of sustainability in this structure is being researched further in order to enhance efficiency and reduce energy loss. The occurrence of such an issue is caused by a number of factors. When it comes to regionalism, one of the most essential components is the existence of the environment and ecosystem, which may be referred to as regionalism and ecosystem that are interconnected and complement one another. One of the major aims of the green viewpoint and sustainability issue in connection to the building discussion is to achieve a balance between the man-made artificial environment and the natural environment. Creating a way for man-made buildings to align with nature and their surrounds, which can increase both artificial and natural ecosystems' stability. The more stable the equilibrium is, the more it tends toward interaction. The current study will examine the effect rate of regionalism, ecosystem, and their elements on hospitals by investigating regionalism, ecosystem, and their aspects, stressing the need to link these two problems by assessing expert opinion. The findings imply that debates of regionalism and ecosystems in hospitals, as well as climate adaptation of these facilities, can play a crucial role in aligning them with the region and the cultural context.

 

Author(s) Details:

Sania Sami,
Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Science and Research Branch-Qeshm, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm Island, Iran.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V3/article/view/6636

Discovering what the Nature has Reserved to Us | Book Publisher International

 The remedies to human health problems can be found in nature. We derive our natural food from ecosystems, yet genetically engineered species and goods are impacting biodiversity, including humans, in this changing world. Humans, pollinators, plants, herpetofauna, birds, mammals, fishes, and other species have all been influenced by chemical use. Noncommunicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes, heart attacks, and mental illnesses are on the rise as a result of heavy metals consumed by people as a result of pollution, climate change, starvation, and poverty. Because of wildlife mismanagement, pandemics such as COVID-19, Ebola, and others have killed many people and animals. If nothing is done, the world will be hit by many more pandemics, with a significant loss of faunal and floral health and life.

 

The list of natural foods that we inherited from our forefathers is not yet complete, and it is perplexing that so few individuals are discovering new natural foods from animals and plants. We are confident that the nature that surrounds Nyungwe National Park and other ecosystems in this country contains the medicines and new foods that we seek, and that by conducting consistent research and exploration, we will be able to find the answers to the questions we pose, as well as assist the world in finding the medicine and vaccine for pandemics such as COVID-19.

 

Biodiversity has an important role in ecosystem functioning, climate regulation, and the supply of products and services, all of which contribute to human well-being. Rural poor families rely on biodiversity for a variety of natural resources and ecosystem services, and their well-being is harmed when biodiversity is degraded, over-exploited, or abused. The specific pathways through which changes in biodiversity affect people's livelihood choices and strategies need to be more carefully identified, and people need to understand their relationship with biodiversity, in order to better understand the role of biodiversity conservation in social welfare. Having this list of medicinal plants is a way of waking up chemists, physicians, biologists, and other scientists to tell them that they need to discover answers for communities utilizing available resources and support the One Health System for long-term sustainability.

Author(s) Details

Ange Imanishimwe
Biodiversity Conservation Organization (BIOCOOR), Rwanda.

Immaculee Mutuyimana
UNICOOPAGI, Rwanda.

Athanase Harerimana
Biodiversity Conservation Organization (BIOCOOR), Rwanda.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/DNRU/article/view/6461

Estimation of the Wild Boar Population in Southern Italian Apennines by Pellet Count Group Technic: A Preliminary Study | Chapter 05 | Emerging Challenges in Environment and Earth Science Vol. 2

 Today, the evolution of wild ungulates is one of the most significant developments in Italian wildlife over the previous few decades. Damage caused by wild boars has increased substantially in recent decades, amounting to hundreds of thousands of Euros annually in various European nations. Knowing the location, abundance, and population dynamics of wild boar (Sus scrofa) is critical for proper management, especially given its impact on the natural and agricultural ecosystem. This research presents a wild boar population estimate for a study area in the Italian Apennines' south / south-eastern region. Using GiS software and the Pellet Count Group technique, the census technique was planned through field inspections and cartographic elaborations. The Pellet Group's findings were recorded on customised field cards. 12 Pellets Group was discovered after crossing 7.010 linear metres and 14.020 m2. The existence of around 7/8 creatures per 100 ha was found using this information and knowing the extent of each given habitat. These densities, calculated based on the number of hectares in each investigated habitat, imply the presence of 187 to 164 animals. Given that the ideal density for the study region would be around 47 animals per 100 ha, the actual density exceeds these values by a large margin. As a result, the Park's population should be lowered by establishing a true census plan based on various sorts of censuses conducted over multiple years.

Author(S) Details

Di Brita Aldo
Department of Agriculture, Environment and Feeds, Molise University, 86100 Campobasso (I), Italy.

Miraglia Nicoletta
Department of Agriculture, Environment and Feeds, Molise University, 86100 Campobasso (I), Italy.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/ECEES-V2/article/view/5734

A Critical Review of Some Issues and Essential Elements in Constitutional Environmental Rights in an African Context with some Illustrations from South Africa and Swaziland | Chapter 6 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 1

Recent studies have shown that it is relatively new to the jurisprudence of constitutional environmental protections and requirements. The goal of this research was to review and synthesise literature with reference to South Africa and Swaziland on the underlying fundamental principles and patterns of constitutional environmental rights in Africa. Three recognised approaches to environmental rights are also recognised: anthropocentric (people-centered), ecocentric (environment-centered), theo-cultural and theocentricism (of culture and religion). Procedural, substantive, and unity are forms of environmental rights. In addition, environmental rights types include civil and political rights, also known as negative (enforceable) rights, and socio-economic rights, also called positive rights (not easily enforceable and requires state resources). The establishment and enforcement of environmental rights is assisted by many state, regional and international policies and legislation. For African countries, the African Charter on Human and People's Rights is relevant. Public engagement, the collection and distribution of environmental information, the creation and implementation of environmental legislation, policies and programmes, environmental compliance and enforcement, the provision of environmental infrastructure, the setting up of environmental collaborations and environmental education are important elements for the fulfilment of environmental rights. In particular, Africa, South Africa and Swaziland were found in this analysis to have embraced, to varying degrees, the principle of constitutional environmental rights and provisions. Consequently, to facilitate the protection of environmental rights, policies and regulations are in effect.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Cliff Sibusiso Dlamini
Center for Coordination of Agricultural Research and Development for Southern Africa (CCARDESA), Plot 4701, Station Exit Road Private Bag 00357, Gaborone, Botswana.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CIEES-V1/issue/view/33