Foraminifera Proxy of Short Core Samples: A Retrospective Study of Ecological Development of Surabaya and Bali Semi-enclosed Bay, Indonesia | Chapter 4 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 6

 

Retrospective overviews are essential in development planning and/or environmental health monitoring based on geological perspective through paleoecology. The studies are using various indicators, one of which is using recent foraminifera. Within last decades, the semi-enclosed bays of Lamong Bay in Surabaya and Benoa Bay in Bali have had enormous physical development. To ensure the continuity of existing infrastructure, it is necessary to discover the threats of natural and/or anthropogenic hazards through retrospective studies. Therefore the aim of this study is to reveal the ecological development of semi- enclosed bays using benthic foraminifera as a proxy over time periods. The research was conducted in March 2017, included analysis of absolute age and sedimentation rate using the Pb-210 isotope and recent foraminifera indexing from short core samples. The Ammonia-Elphidium index (A-E index) as a proxy of hypoxia and the planktonic/benthic ratio (P/B) as a proxy of open ocean flow were used in the study. The foraminiferal indeces revealed that both sites have experienced different ecological changes in the last few decades. Over the past 87 years, the Lamong Bay has undergone ecological changes, from the aquatic environment that was strongly influenced by the open sea and supports the benthic life, to shallow oligotrophic waters that cannot support benthic life. In contrast, Benoa Bay was shallow waters for 50 years and supports benthic life without any significant threat as the other coastal waters especially for the semi-enclosed bay. The research results showed that massive development in coastal areas will affect the ecological development/change of the area. Natural factors

 

Author(s) Details:

 

R. Rositasari
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Jl, Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, 1440, Indonesia.

 

 

Please see the book here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/eieges/v6/6874E

 

Intricacies of Animal Behaviour: From Evolutionary Foundations to Practical Application | Book Publisher International

"Intricacies of Animal Behavior: From Evolutionary Foundations to Practical Application" delves into the fascinating world of animal behavior, exploring its evolutionary origins, ecological significance, and practical implications across various disciplines. Beginning with an overview of the evolutionary foundations of animal behavior, the book examines key concepts such as natural selection, genetic predispositions, and adaptive behaviors. It then delves into the diversity of animal behaviors across different taxa, from insects to mammals, highlighting the role of social interactions, communication, and cognition. Drawing on insights from ethology, ecology, and evolutionary biology, the book explores how animal behavior shapes ecological dynamics, species interactions, and ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, it discusses the practical applications of understanding animal behavior in fields such as conservation biology, animal welfare, and human-animal interactions. Through a multidisciplinary approach, this book provides a comprehensive understanding of the intricacies of animal behavior and its broader implications for science, society, and conservation efforts".

Author(s) Details:

Nayan K. Prasad,
Department of Zoology, RRM Campus, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.

Kumari Shachi,
Department of Zoology, K.S. College, Laheriasarai, L.N. Mithila University, Darbhanga, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IABFEFPA/article/view/14211

Caspian Sea Level Change and its Environmental Impacts on the Geopolitics of the Region | Chapter 2 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 7

Caspian Sea level has experienced considerable fluctuations over the past years. Therefore, due to the unfavorable conditions of changes in Caspian Sea and also the impacts created on its surrounding ecosystems, it has increased the importance of this issue during recent decades. Accordingly, the present study examined and analyzed the trend of Caspian Sea water level changes in a long-term period (1990-2023). Also, in the current study, the effects caused by the fluctuations of Caspian Sea level were examined from various environmental, social and economic aspects. For this purpose, a set of images of Landsat 5 for 1990 and Landsat 8 for 2023 was analyzed in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) web system. The results showed that the variations of Caspian Sea level (North, Middle and South) during the period 1990 to 2023 indicate a decline of 2.34 m in the sea level. Also, it was found that the water level of Caspian Sea in 1990 was -26.18 m, and these changes reached -28.52 m in 2023. Thus, the water of Caspian Sea has experienced fluctuations during recent decades, and these changes have led to threats in infrastructure, economic and social uses, disturbance in the activity of ports and seafaring, fishing, and drying up of water reserves related to Caspian Sea (wetlands - bays), the increase of the coastal area, human occupation of the sea and adverse effects on the coastal aquifers. In this regard, the management of these issues requires a cross-sectoral and comprehensive approach within the framework of integrated coastal management.

Author(s) Details:

Afshin Motaghi,
Department of Political Geography, School of Geography Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.

Mostafa Mohammadjani,
Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V7/article/view/13333

Foraminifera Proxy of Short Core Samples: A Retrospective Study of Ecological Development of Surabaya and Bali Semi-enclosed Bay, Indonesia | Chapter 4 | Emerging Issues in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 6

Retrospective overviews are essential in development planning and/or environmental health monitoring based on geological perspective through paleoecology. The studies are using various indicators, one of which is using recent foraminifera. Within last decades, the semi-enclosed bays of Lamong Bay in Surabaya and Benoa Bay in Bali have had enormous physical development. To ensure the continuity of existing infrastructure, it is necessary to discover the threats of natural and/or anthropogenic hazards through retrospective studies. Therefore the aim of this study is to reveal the ecological development of semi- enclosed bays using benthic foraminifera as a proxy over time periods. The research was conducted in March 2017, included analysis of absolute age and sedimentation rate using the Pb-210 isotope and recent foraminifera indexing from short core samples. The Ammonia-Elphidium index (A-E index) as a proxy of hypoxia and the planktonic/benthic ratio (P/B) as a proxy of open ocean flow were used in the study. The foraminiferal indeces revealed that both sites have experienced different ecological changes in the last few decades. Over the past 87 years, the Lamong Bay has undergone ecological changes, from the aquatic environment that was strongly influenced by the open sea and supports the benthic life, to shallow oligotrophic waters that cannot support benthic life. In contrast, Benoa Bay was shallow waters for 50 years and supports benthic life without any significant threat as the other coastal waters especially for the semi-enclosed bay. The research results showed that massive development in coastal areas will affect the ecological development/change of the area. Natural factors such as geomorphological settings and circulation patterns are secondary factors that will magnify or reduce these changes/developments.

Author(s) Details:

R. Rositasari,
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Jl, Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara, 1440, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIEGES-V6/article/view/13065

Research New Ways of Processing Polymer Waste that was Formed as a Result of Operation | Chapter 2 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 1

 In this study, the reasons for the decommissioning of polymer matters are shown and recycling orders are analyzed. Polymer matters do not rot, corrode, etc. if their characteristics are captured into account, their reusing is an economic problem in addition to an ecological problem that needs expected solved. Taking into account all this, the arrangements of obtaining purposeful arrangements from some polymer wastes have been intentional. its demolition mainly occurs on account of high hotnesses. As a result, the molecular mass of RS (elastic scrub) decreases. When studying this in an aerate and non-oxygenated atmosphere, the maximum stability of RS is observed in the hotness interval of 180°C. Therefore, we selected the temperature of 180°C to modify highway oil bitumen accompanying RS waste. The most effective field valuable of polymer materials is the modification of highway bitumen.

Author(s) Details:

Shixaliyev Kerem Seyfi,
Department of Organic Substances and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds, Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Academician of the European Academy of Natural Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V1/article/view/8939

Designing the Beachside Area in Lombok Using Sustainable Principles: A Case Study in Gading Beach| Chapter 2 | Techniques and Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 4

 The present study  organize the design proposal of new buildings in the Gading Beach region ought to contemplate a holistic sustainable approach to conceive buildings that will reassure environmental, social and business-related benefits. The West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) island of Lombok, that is known as one of the planet's top halal tourism destinations, wishes tremendous travel development. In response, the municipality is attempting to hurry the building of the infrastructure wanted to facilitate travel, notably the area about Gading Beach. On contrary, however, houses are known between the world’s biggest strength consumption. Therefore,. Five key tenable design principles were utilised for the development of the Gading Beach extent. Those principles are including spot and ecology, society and culture, health, fabrics and energy. The exercise of these design strategies in the Gading Beach area be necessary to exhibit an effective use of a sustainable approach in beachside buildings.  This study be necessary to illustrate a comprehensive request of sustainable standard in building, particularly in the beachside district.An evaluation form needs to be formulated to help to evaluate the success level of tenable buildings in the future.

Author(s) Details:

G. A. P. P. Kamase,
Architecture Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mataram, Jalan Majapahit no. 62, Mataram, Indonesia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TAIER-V4/article/view/8701

Prospects and Goals of Sustainable Development as an Integrative Basis of the Global Strategy for the Efficiency of Society, Education and Science| Chapter 1 | Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 1

 For understanding about the ecological, economic, and social components as a whole, interdisciplinary connections are essential. These phenomena are particularly significant for small countries and those on the path of intensive development or searching for a model of an economic and social intensification and institutional transformations for sustainable development of s, given that the phenomena of integration and internationalisation in the context of globalisation are growing rapidly and that their properties are determined by the laws dictated by the prevailing trend of global development.

In order to effectively exploit novel ideas and technologies, people in this circumstance need new knowledge and skills. Environmental preservation, education for sustainable development, global civic education, as well as other educational approaches and learning principles, lay the groundwork for sustainability in all of its manifestations. The educational process should build knowledge, competencies, and abilities as well as values and attitudes in order to empower young people to actively participate in addressing regional, national, and international social, economic, and environmental challenges.

Author(s) Details:

Viktor Zinchenko,
Department of University Research Activities, Institute of Higher Education, National Academy of Educational Sciences, Ukraine.

Vasyl Levkulych,
Department of Philosophy, Uzhhorod National University, Ukraine.

Mykola Popovych,
Department of Law, Vocational, Social and Humanitarian Education Higher Educational Institution Podillia State University, Ukraine.

Viktoriia Levkulych,
Department of Accounting and Audit, Uzhhorod National University, Ukraine.

Viktoriia Svyshcho,
Department of Philosophy, Uzhhorod National University, Ukraine.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAASS-V1/article/view/8110

Keywords: Sustainable development, environment, education, globalization, ecology, Agenda, science, knowledge, UNESCO, global system, European Union, national educational models, public, educational institutions

Community, Regionalism and Sustainable Ecosystem (The effect of these Three Components in Hospitals)| Chapter 11 | Research Developments in Science and Technology Vol. 3

Hospital structures are receiving a lot of attention these days. Given the complex architecture of treatment facilities, the issue of sustainability in this structure is being researched further in order to enhance efficiency and reduce energy loss. The occurrence of such an issue is caused by a number of factors. When it comes to regionalism, one of the most essential components is the existence of the environment and ecosystem, which may be referred to as regionalism and ecosystem that are interconnected and complement one another. One of the major aims of the green viewpoint and sustainability issue in connection to the building discussion is to achieve a balance between the man-made artificial environment and the natural environment. Creating a way for man-made buildings to align with nature and their surrounds, which can increase both artificial and natural ecosystems' stability. The more stable the equilibrium is, the more it tends toward interaction. The current study will examine the effect rate of regionalism, ecosystem, and their elements on hospitals by investigating regionalism, ecosystem, and their aspects, stressing the need to link these two problems by assessing expert opinion. The findings imply that debates of regionalism and ecosystems in hospitals, as well as climate adaptation of these facilities, can play a crucial role in aligning them with the region and the cultural context.

 

Author(s) Details:

Sania Sami,
Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Science and Research Branch-Qeshm, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm Island, Iran.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDST-V3/article/view/6636

Bergmann's Rule: Size Correlates with Longitude and Temperature in Forest Millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897| Chapter 10 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol.9

 Within a taxonomic group, larger populations and species were found in colder settings, while smaller populations and species were located in warmer environments. The goal was to put Bergmann's rule to the test. With reversed sexual size dimorphism, it was tested in the millipede genus Centrobolus (SSD). Body lengths (mm) and widths (mm) were measured in 22 Centrobolus species (mm). Longitude was linked to female length (r=0.46, Z score=2.15, r2=0.21, n=22, p=0.02), female width (r=0.41, Z score=1.91, n=22, p=0.03), male length (r=0.43, Z score= 2.01, n=22, p=0.02), and male width (r=0.28, Z score=1.27, n=22, p=0.010). Longitude was linked with female volume (r=0.29, Z score=1.31, n=22, p0.10). The smaller species (C. digrammus) appeared in a westerly direction (18.4°E), whereas the larger species (C. inscriptus and C. anulatus) occurred in an easterly direction (31.7°E). All medium-sized species distributed between these two longitudes. The average annual temperature in different types of locations was related to body size. Temperature and species size were shown to be related (r=0.55, Z score=2.69, n=22, p0.01). Female size (volume) and temperature had a positive link (r=0.49, Z score=2.31, n=22, p=0.01), as did male size (r=0.48, Z score=2.26, n=22, p=0.01). Male length (r=0.57, Z score=2.79, n=22, p0.01), male width (r=0.42, Z score=1.94, n=22, p=0.03), female length (r=0.57, Z score= 2.79, n=22, p0.01), female width (r=0.49, Z score=2.31, n=22, p=0.01), and female width and temperature (r=0.49, Z score=2.31, n These univoltine arthropods' size grows by an order of magnitude with temperature, as it does in terrestrial arthropods. In keeping with latitude-size trends in terrestrial arthropods, this was a reverse Bergmann clade.

Author(s) Details:

Mark Cooper,
School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V9/article/view/5878

An Ecological Approach for Recovery Residual Area of the Human Productive Activity: A Brief Study | Chapter 06 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 5

 Cities and their suburbs develop, expand, and replace natural lands with agricultural lands as urban populations grow. Land use changes as a result of urbanisation, changing the connection between human societies and natural resources. As a result, one of the most significant problems in achieving a sustainable landscape is the management of natural resources associated with urban expansion. Quarrying is an important part of local socioeconomic development since it provides essential resources for infrastructure and construction. Quarrying, like many other human activity, has a considerable negative impact on the environment. Quarrying activities in Mediterranean countries put increased pressure on limited soil and water resources, hastening erosion and the degradation of existing arable lands. Quarrying operations have the potential to significantly modify pre-existing ecosystems as well as hydro-geological and hydrological regimes. They have the potential to significantly affect the substratum, alter landscape patterns and integrity, destroy natural habitats and disrupt natural succession, and alter genetic resources. Anthropic regeneration techniques on degraded sites following the conclusion of quarrying activities, which are not focused on potential natural vegetation that these sites could generate while considering the surrounding ecosystems, have severely harmed the situation. The study's goal is to propose an ecological approach for transforming a former industrial production region into a new ecological patch of land that can support the ecological network. This project intends to integrate environmental and landscape issues with economic and social considerations in order to ensure the planned intervention's long-term viability. The current idea differs from the one given at the outset of the quarrying activity, which called for tree planting immediately on the quarry's bottom. According to the new plan, the quarry will be partially filled with waste materials in accordance with environmental regulations. This provides for improved groundwater protection and the creation of a microclimate that is more conducive to the growth of natural flora. The quarry filling activity is a profitable business for the corporation, so it can ensure job growth for at least the next five years. In addition, the planned project attempts to restore the pre-existing vegetation in a way that is compatible with the ecology. This will facilitate the development of the priority habitat *6220: Pseudo-steppe with Thero-Brachypodietea grasses and annuals (Directive 92/43/CEE), resulting in an ecologically valuable landscape that is not isolated from the surrounding landscape. In this sense, the closed quarry can serve as a stepping stone and play an important role in landscape regulation of green infrastructure. The vegetation plan may be consistent with the presence of low-density PV panels, thereby harmonising the energy policy with the Biodiversity Strategy 2030.

Author(S) Details

Teodoro Semeraro
University of Salento, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Ecotekne, Prov. le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V5/article/view/5350

Forging New Urban Policies for the 21st Century | Chapter 2 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 As mankind enters what has been dubbed the Anthropocene Age and the Urban Age, we must be globally aware of how we may successfully establish a sustainable urbanity. While our various national political systems have taken a number of actions to combat global warming and other aspects of sustainability, these actions have clearly been insufficient, so the focus of this article is on what cities and their governments, which contain the vast majority of our planet's population and economic products, can do to bring about enlightenment. To do this, planners will need to develop both environmental and economic sustainability models, as well as governance, quality of life, and urban planning models that promote both urban and environmental sustainability. The goal of this article is to uncover the interconnected solutions that our metropolitan regions can use to become truly sustainable cities. The creation of a new shared economy to replace global laissez-faire capitalism's current dominance, the need to establish democratic urban governance globally, to prioritise quality of life over GDP growth, and the establishment of urban planning and design guidelines will pave the way for global sustainability of our common human heritage into our collective, global future.

Author (S) Details

Glenn Robert Erikson
City University of New York (CUNY), USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V6/article/view/3849

Forging New Urban Policies for the 21st Century | Chapter 11 | Modern Advances in Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

 As mankind enters what has been dubbed the Anthropocene Age and the Urban Age, we must be globally aware of how we may successfully establish a sustainable urbanity. While our various national political systems have taken a number of actions to combat global warming and other aspects of sustainability, these actions have clearly been insufficient, so the focus of this article is on what cities and their governments, which contain the vast majority of our planet's population and economic products, can do to bring about enlightenment. To do this, planners will need to develop both environmental and economic sustainability models, as well as governance, quality of life, and urban planning models that promote both urban and environmental sustainability. The goal of this article is to uncover the interconnected solutions that our metropolitan regions can use to become truly sustainable cities. The creation of a new shared economy to replace global laissez-faire capitalism's current dominance, the need to establish democratic urban governance globally, to prioritise quality of life over GDP growth, and the establishment of urban planning and design guidelines will pave the way for global sustainability of our common human heritage into our collective, global future.

Author (s) Details

Glenn Robert Erikson
City University of New York (CUNY), USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/MAGEES-V5/article/view/2412

Study on Estimating Mental Hygiene of Farm Women: The Socio-ecological and Psychological Interpretation | Chapter 9 | Modern Perspectives in Language, Literature and Education Vol. 2

 Due to persistent contamination, extortion, ground water depletion, arsenic and heavy metal polluted water, the health-ecology and environment has become quite fragile. Agriculture has undergone drastic changes and a wide variety of stressors are faced by farmers. Male and female farmers both have high levels of depression relative to the general working population, but there is little difference in the levels of anxiety symptoms. This research addressed the health ecosystem and health dynamics of farm women so that as they are food producers, they can combat various environmental and occupational problems. This research was carried out with the intention of generating confidential knowledge on the mental hygiene of female farmers. A survey with one hundred farm women as respondents was carried out at Kotulpur Block in Bankura district of West Bengal and they were randomly selected. The knowledge was gathered through a pilot study, a formal interview and a concentrated community interview. Correlation analysis, multiple regression and step-down regression analysis, path analysis, factor analysis and artificial neural network analysis are the statistical methods used for data analysis. For this analysis, twenty independent variables were selected: functional literacy, per capita income, menstrual hygiene, drinking water status, etc. Distance from work (x7), period of jobs (x9), per capita income (x12), per capita expenditure (x13), dizziness (x17) and drinking water status (x19) are some of the variables that have had a direct effect on the mental hygiene of women farmers. Per capita income (x12) is the most significant factor among those variables, as it has had the highest indirect impact on as many as 13 exogenous variables in path analysis to classify the mental hygiene of farm women (y). As farmers provide food for millions of people around the world, it is very important to the sense of the agro-ecosystem. Only if they succeed will the entire civilisation survive.

Author(s) Details

Miss Swagata Ghoshal
Department of Agricultural Extension, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, 741252, India.

Prof. (Dr.) S. K. Acharya
Department of Agricultural Extension, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, 741252, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/334