Sexual Dimorphism of Dried Hip Bones with Respect to Chilotic Index: A Study on the Population of Andhra Pradesh, India | Chapter 2 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 3

 

Sexual dimorphism refers to the difference between males and females in regard to their size and appearance. Different populations differ with regard to the body built of a person and the degree of sexual dimorphism. The aim of this study is to determine the sexual dimorphism of dried human hip bone with respect to chilotic line and chilotic index (CI) and find a cut-off value for the chilotic index that will be accurate for identification of sex in the human hip bone. The study was undertaken with a sample size of 44 adult human dried hip bones from the Department of Anatomy GVP.I.H.C & MT, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. The Chilotic line (sacral segment and pelvic segment) was measured using a Vernier calliper and the chilotic index was calculated. The statistical analysis of the data was done by using SPSS version 22. The chilotic index in male hip bones falls in the range of 102.77mm-139.46mm with a mean value of 118.32mm and for females, it lies in the range of 61.63mm–98.17mm with a mean value of 84.84mm. This finding is statistically significant with a p-value = <0.001. The total chilotic line in males is longer than in females and a cut-off value of 100.48 is statistically 100% correct in identification of a male and a female hip bone. The sex of the Hip bone can be assessed up to about 97% confidence with the help of “Chilotic line” and “Index” only.

 

Author(s) Details

 

Jeneeta Baa
Department of Anatomy, GVPIHC & MT, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

P.C. Maharana
Department of Anatomy, GVPIHC & MT, Andhra Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v3/1359

Detection of Two Species of Lycus and Recognition of Dimorphism in Collection Survey from North Kordofan State/Sudan | Chapter 3 | Aspects of Biodiversity in Sudan Experience of the National Center for Research with Particular Collaboration with the National Insect Collection/ARC/Sudan

Lycus is the type genusof net-winged beetles in the Lycidaefamily and the tribe Lycinifound in Africa and America, they usually show sporadic distribution, but can also occur in aggregations, sometimes by the hundreds. They are considered of economic importance as they represent a potential plant pest since they aretypically occurred on flowering plants and can densely clustered on the inflorescences. A research project was designed to long term monitoring ofbiodiversity in Sudan semi-arid ecosystem. The project was rationalized to provide database and present indicators for ecosystem health. Three states were selected as study sites. These include Khartoum, River Nile and North Kordofan States. The Lycusspecimens were collected from North Krdofansataeusingdirect collection method. The encountered specimens were identified into least taxonomic group in the Agricultural Research Corporation. Two species was recorded and a dimorphism phenomenon was observed within the obtained lycusspecimens. These findings may contribute to the understanding of its classification andecological significance and role and initiation of possible control effort- if needed - since this insect proved to be plant pest.

Author(s) Details:

Abdel Gadir Mohammed Abdellah Dafaelseed,
National Insect Collection, Integrated Agricultural Pest Management Research Centre (ARC), Wad Medani, Sudan.

Maha Ali Abdellatif Ali,
Environment and Natural Resources and Desertification Research Institute / National Centre for Research (NCR), P.O. Box 2404, People Hall Khartoum, 11113, Sudan.

Ishtiag Hassan Abdalla Mohammed,
Environment and Natural Resources and Desertification Research Institute / National Centre for Research (NCR), P.O. Box 2404, People Hall Khartoum, 11113, Sudan.

Ahmed Ismail Ahmed Safi,
University of Kordofan, Institute of Gum Arabic Research and Desertification Studies, Elobeid, P.O. Box 160, Postal Code: 51111, Sudan.

Randa Elsir Elsayed Eltayeb,
Shendi University, Shendi, River Nile State, P.O. Box: 142 – 14, Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ABSENCRPCNICS/article/view/13049

Bergmann's Rule: Size Correlates with Longitude and Temperature in Forest Millipedes Centrobolus Cook, 1897| Chapter 10 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol.9

 Within a taxonomic group, larger populations and species were found in colder settings, while smaller populations and species were located in warmer environments. The goal was to put Bergmann's rule to the test. With reversed sexual size dimorphism, it was tested in the millipede genus Centrobolus (SSD). Body lengths (mm) and widths (mm) were measured in 22 Centrobolus species (mm). Longitude was linked to female length (r=0.46, Z score=2.15, r2=0.21, n=22, p=0.02), female width (r=0.41, Z score=1.91, n=22, p=0.03), male length (r=0.43, Z score= 2.01, n=22, p=0.02), and male width (r=0.28, Z score=1.27, n=22, p=0.010). Longitude was linked with female volume (r=0.29, Z score=1.31, n=22, p0.10). The smaller species (C. digrammus) appeared in a westerly direction (18.4°E), whereas the larger species (C. inscriptus and C. anulatus) occurred in an easterly direction (31.7°E). All medium-sized species distributed between these two longitudes. The average annual temperature in different types of locations was related to body size. Temperature and species size were shown to be related (r=0.55, Z score=2.69, n=22, p0.01). Female size (volume) and temperature had a positive link (r=0.49, Z score=2.31, n=22, p=0.01), as did male size (r=0.48, Z score=2.26, n=22, p=0.01). Male length (r=0.57, Z score=2.79, n=22, p0.01), male width (r=0.42, Z score=1.94, n=22, p=0.03), female length (r=0.57, Z score= 2.79, n=22, p0.01), female width (r=0.49, Z score=2.31, n=22, p=0.01), and female width and temperature (r=0.49, Z score=2.31, n These univoltine arthropods' size grows by an order of magnitude with temperature, as it does in terrestrial arthropods. In keeping with latitude-size trends in terrestrial arthropods, this was a reverse Bergmann clade.

Author(s) Details:

Mark Cooper,
School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V9/article/view/5878

The Relationships between Sexual Size Dimorphism and Precipitation and Female Size and Temperature in Sphaerotherium Brandt, 1833 | Chapter 8 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol.9

 Sexual Size Dimorphism (SSD) was reversed in Diplopoda, as it was in the majority of invertebrates. The goal was to examine SSD in the Sphaerotherium genus. Male and female morphological data for S. cinctellum, S. commune, S. compressum, S. punculatum, S. spinatum, S. tenuitarse, and S. tuberosum were gathered from the literature, including male and female width, volume, and SSD. The five morphological variables were regressed against latitude, precipitation, and temperature using linear regressions. SSD was substantially associated to the mating system, seasonality, and oviposition (r=0.76, Z score=1.97, n=7, p=0.02) and was strongly correlated with precipitation (r=0.76, Z score=1.97, n=7, p=0.02). Female breadth was associated to temperature (r=0.75, Z score=1.93, n=7, p=0.03) and fecundity selection (r=0.75, Z score=1.93, n=7, p=0.03). Temperature was only moderately associated to SSD (r=0.61, Z score=1.42, n=7, p=0.08).

Author(s) Details:

Mark Cooper,
School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V9/article/view/5872

A Study on Centrobolus titanophilus Size Dimorphism Shows Width-Based Variability | Chapter 12 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 8

 The goal of this study was to look into the sexual size dimorphism of Centrobolus titanophilus. In Diplopoda, one sex was larger than the other, demonstrating reversed sexual size dimorphism (SSD). The SSD of C. titanophilus was derived using data collected in South Africa's Cape Province. C. titanophilus had an average size of 285 41.875 mm (n=8), with the smaller sex measuring 276.6667 40.6667 mm (n = 5) and the bigger sex at 290 42.6 mm (n = 3). The absolute size (x=418.3596 mm3; y=359.3327 mm3) was estimated and utilised to calculate the gender difference based on tergite width differences (t=1.85901, p=0.084172, n=8). C. titanophilus had an SSD ratio of 1.164268, which was different from 1 (t=2.70801, p=0.012845, n=8). 

Author(S) Details

Mark Cooper
School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V8/article/view/5387