Snakes of Sudan: New Locality Records and an Update| Chapter 5 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 4

 

Snakes of Sudan comprise 77 species, 36 genera and 12 families. Tricheilostomadissimilis and Telescopusgezirae (2.3%) are endemic and Myriopholismacrohyncha, Caususresimus, T. dissimilis, Eirenis africanus, Elapsoidealaticincta, Psammophissudanensisand T. geziraeare type locality (9.1%). The study added 36 new locality records and confirmed 33 collection sites. Eleven species are poisonous to man. The affinities of snakes of Sudan with the neighboring countries were quantified. Python regius and Python sebae are near threatened while the rest are at least concern. Poaching in the skin of Python spp. justifies their conservation.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Mohammed A. A. Abdelhameed

Natural History Museum, University of Kordofan, Sudan.

Ismail E. Ahmed

Wildlife Life Research Center, Khartoum North, Sudan.

Zuheir N. Mahmoud

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v4/161

 

Impact of Early Discharge after Planned Cesarean Section in Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Sudan| Chapter 7 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 7

 

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is a common surgical operation with expected complications representing major health problems. This necessitates improved recovery with reduced hospital stay. Discharge after planned CS has become an accepted practice, however, little is known about its health impact and patient perception.

 

Objective: The present study aimed to assess patient satisfaction and morbidity associated with early hospital discharge (24 hours) after planned elective cesarean section- El C/S in 2010.

 

Methodology: A descriptive study was done in Omdurman Maternity Hospital (OMH) in 2010. All women admitted for El C/S were counseled for discharge after 24 hours from C/S; those with medical or obstetrical problems necessitating admission for a longer time were excluded. Women who refused to be discharged were included as control after informed consent. All women were operated on by trained registrars or consultants under similar conditions and were followed till discharge from the hospital.

 

Results: Elective cesarean section had potential benefits for the mothers and their babies; such as reducing birth asphyxia, birth trauma, cord accidents, fresh stillbirth (FSB), and birth canal injuries to the mother, however, it is not without complications. Total number of deliveries in OMH during 2010 was 28975, 21022 (72.6%) delivered vaginally, 7953 (27.4%) delivered by cesarean section –C/S, El C/S were 3204 (11.1%) and Em C/S were 4749 (16.4%). Women included in the study were 1439, 716 (49.8%) were in the study group and 723 (50.2%) were in the control. Forty-one cases (2.8%) were readmitted after discharge, fifteen (1.1%) from the study group and twenty-six (1.8%) from the control. Twenty-four cases (1, 7%) due to wound infection, five (0.3%) with deep vein thrombosis- DVT, two with endometritis, and eight (0.6%) due to non-pregnancy-related infection. Although there is a slight increase in the rate of readmission, wound infection, and DVT in the control group, there is no significant difference between the two groups. In the study group, 613 (85.6%) were satisfied with a short stay, while in the control group, 269 (37.2%) were satisfied with a longer hospital stay after El C/S (PV = 0.0001) with a significant difference between the two groups.

 

Conclusion: Discharge after 24 hours following planned C/S can be performed on low-risk patients without affecting patient satisfaction and increase in maternal mortality or morbidity. More randomized trials are needed to assess the impact of standard care.

 

Author (s) Details

Umbeli T
Faculty of Medicine, Omdurman Islamic University-OIU National Maternal Mortality Registrar, P.O. Box -149, Omdurman Maternity Hospital, Sudan.

 

Rabaa Abd Elwahab
Department of Anesthesia, OIU, Sudan.

 

Salah Ismail
Department of OBGYN, OIU, Sudan.

 

Saida Khadeja Y M
KSMoH, Sudan.

 

Nagla Fathi M
OBGYN, OMH, Sudan.

 

Salma Basher
OBGYN, OMH, Sudan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v7/2253

Review of Maternal Deaths in Sudan from 2010 – 2012: Achievements and Challenges | Chapter 6 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 1

Background: Maternal deaths and disabilities remain a major public health problem in developing countries, in spite of the efforts of many international and developmental health agencies. Despite the worldwide commitment to improving maternal health, measuring, monitoring and comparing mortality estimates remain a challenge. Maternal death review (MDR) is a tool used to measure the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and to improve the quality of obstetric care.

Objectives: This study was done to assess maternal mortality and to identify underlying causes during 2010-2012.

Materials and Methods: Facility and community-based maternal death review was conducted during three years in Sudan to study maternal mortality. All women who died in the hospital or community from pregnancy-related conditions were included. Data was collected by trained registrars and healthcare providers. National and state’ maternal death review committees were established. A focal person for each state, health facility and locality was nominated. Notification of maternal deaths was done by telephone, followed by a review of all notified maternal deaths using a structured format. Data was analyzed using a microcomputer, with SSPS, version 18.0.

Results: Maternal mortality ratios remained unacceptably high across much of the developing world. This study showed that, over three years, 2933 maternal deaths were notified, out of 1509354 Live births (LB). MMR was 194/ 100000 LB, with different variation between states. Facility maternal deaths were 2503 (85.3%) and community deaths were 430 (14.7%), reviewed formats were 2859 (97.5%). Direct obstetric deaths were 1845 (64.5%), mainly due to haemorrhage 884 (30.9%), eclampsia 383 (13.4%) and sepsis 321 (11.2%). Indirect causes were 1014 (35.5%), 363 (12.7%) due to hepatitis and 197 (6.9%) to anemia. Most of the hospital deaths 1947 (77.9%); admitted late from home, 2462 (73.4%) were critically ill and 1484 (60.3%) died within 24 hours.

Conclusion: Home delivery, late presentation, unavailability of blood and poor referral system, are the main factors behind maternal deaths. Maternal death review has to be integrated within the health management information system (HMIS) with a strong commitment of various stakeholders. Slow implementation of suitable interventions at the country level to utilize MDR recommendations for reducing MMR and lack of operational plans and suitable framework for monitoring and evaluation of MDR progress.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Umbeli T
National Maternal Mortality Registrar, Omdurman Maternity Hospital (OMH), Sudan.

 

Eltahir S
RHP, FMOH, Sudan.

 

Mirghani SM
OMH, Sudan.

 

Kunna A
Department of OBGYN, University of Bahri, Sudan.

 

Hussein IMA
NRHP, FMOH, Sudan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v1/3044

Anura of Jebel Al Dayer Biosphere Reserve, Sudan | Chapter 5 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 5

 

5,423 anuran specimens falling into nine species, seven genera and six families were collected from Jebel Al Dayer Biosphere Reserve. Sclerophrys pentoni, Sclerophrys xeros, Hemisus marmoratus, Tomopterna milletihorsini, Hildebrantia ornata and Kassina senegalensis were found throughout autumn. Higher numbers were recorded by S. pentoni during autumn, for T. milletihorsini during early winter. Juveniles outnumbered adults during early winter. Sclerophrys pentoni and S. xeros were observed in all habitats. Leptopelis bocagii was found only in the mountain-forest/slope and from 5 to 1200m; Hildebrantia ornata was found in residential areas; Ptycadena schillukorum and Hemisus marmoratus were found in swampy habitats. Sclerophrys xeros was found from 0-500m elevation, and Ptychadena schillukorum, T. milletihorsini, S. regularis and H. ornata from 0-5 m. The Least Significant Differences test showed significant (p>0.05) to insignificant (p<0.05) differences in the number of anurans between seasons, habitats and elevations. Tomopterna milletihorsini from Jebel Al Dayer Biosphere Reserve is a new record for Sudan.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Mohmed A. Abd El Rahman
Natural History Museum, Faculty of Science, University of Khordofan, Sudan.

 

Zuheir N. Mahmoud
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

 

Mohamed A. Salih
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khordofan, Sudan.

 

Please See the book here :-   https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v5/160

Snakes of Sudan: New Locality Records and an Update | Chapter 5 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 4

Snakes of Sudan comprise 77 species, 36 genera and 12 families. Tricheilostomadissimilis and Telescopusgezirae (2.3%) are endemic and Myriopholismacrohyncha, Caususresimus, T. dissimilis, Eirenis africanus, Elapsoidealaticincta, Psammophissudanensisand T. geziraeare type locality (9.1%). The study added 36 new locality records and confirmed 33 collection sites. Eleven species are poisonous to man. The affinities of snakes of Sudan with the neighboring countries were quantified. Python regius and Python sebae are near threatened while the rest are at least concern. Poaching in the skin of Python spp. justifies their conservation.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammed A. A. Abdelhameed,
Natural History Museum, University of Kordofan, Sudan.

Ismail E. Ahmed
Wildlife Life Research Center, Khartoum North, Sudan.

Zuheir N. Mahmoud
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IBS-V4/article/view/14394

Occurrence of Intestinal and Urine Parasite Prevalence in Alkhalawi Students, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Investigation | Chapter 3 | Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research Vol. 3

Background: Parasitic diseases were some of the leading causes of global mortality, with higher burdens of prevalence in developing countries, especially regions of the world with contaminated water and poor personal hygiene. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of intestinal and urinary parasites among Alkhalawi students in Rabak City, White Nile State, Sudan.
 
Subjects and Methods: In this study, 150 stool and 150 urine samples were collected from Alkhalawi students (all were males). The stool samples were processed by direct wet preparation and the formalin-ether concentration technique (FECT), and the urine samples were processed by the sedimentation technique.
 
Results: The results revealed that out of the 150 stool and 150 urine samples, 37 were found positive for intestinal and urinary parasites; this constituted an overall prevalence rate of 12.3%. The highest prevalence rate (28%) was reported among the 11-15-year-old age groups, while the lowest prevalence rate (0%) was reported among the 21-25-year-old age groups. The prevalence rate of different parasites was as follows: Giardia lamblia (11.3%), Entamoeba histolytica (8%), Hymenolepis nana (2.7%), and Schistosoma haematobium (3.3%). The prevalence of intestinal parasites (21.3%) was higher than that of urinary parasites (3.3%). The study showed that 24% were infected with a single infection, and 0.6% were infected with a mixed infection.
 
Conclusion: From the result, we concluded that intestinal and urinary parasites are highly prevalent among the Alkhalawi students in Rabak City. Giardia lamblia is more likely to occur among the Alkhalawi students followed by Entamoeba histolytica. The highest infection rate was reported among the 11-15-year-age groups. The formalin-ether concentration technique proved to be more efficient than the direct wet preparation technique.

Author(s) Details:

Nabig Alhag Gasoum Ali,
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan.

Husameldin Abdalla Bakhit,
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, White Nile University, White Nile State, Kosti City, Sudan.

Mohammed Baha Eldin Ahmed Saad,
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Ahlia University, Omdurman, Sudan.

Monadel Mohammed Ahmed Zain Alabeden,
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Ahlia University, Omdurman, Sudan.

Aisha Abbas Alsadig,
Veterinary Research Administration, Soba, Sudan.

Yousif Mohammed Yousif Ballal,
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, White Nile University, White Nile State, Kosti City, Sudan.

Alaaeldeen Balal Ahmed,
Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan and Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, White Nile University, White Nile State, Kosti City, Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RUDHR-V3/article/view/13547

Detection of Two Species of Lycus and Recognition of Dimorphism in Collection Survey from North Kordofan State/Sudan | Chapter 3 | Aspects of Biodiversity in Sudan Experience of the National Center for Research with Particular Collaboration with the National Insect Collection/ARC/Sudan

Lycus is the type genusof net-winged beetles in the Lycidaefamily and the tribe Lycinifound in Africa and America, they usually show sporadic distribution, but can also occur in aggregations, sometimes by the hundreds. They are considered of economic importance as they represent a potential plant pest since they aretypically occurred on flowering plants and can densely clustered on the inflorescences. A research project was designed to long term monitoring ofbiodiversity in Sudan semi-arid ecosystem. The project was rationalized to provide database and present indicators for ecosystem health. Three states were selected as study sites. These include Khartoum, River Nile and North Kordofan States. The Lycusspecimens were collected from North Krdofansataeusingdirect collection method. The encountered specimens were identified into least taxonomic group in the Agricultural Research Corporation. Two species was recorded and a dimorphism phenomenon was observed within the obtained lycusspecimens. These findings may contribute to the understanding of its classification andecological significance and role and initiation of possible control effort- if needed - since this insect proved to be plant pest.

Author(s) Details:

Abdel Gadir Mohammed Abdellah Dafaelseed,
National Insect Collection, Integrated Agricultural Pest Management Research Centre (ARC), Wad Medani, Sudan.

Maha Ali Abdellatif Ali,
Environment and Natural Resources and Desertification Research Institute / National Centre for Research (NCR), P.O. Box 2404, People Hall Khartoum, 11113, Sudan.

Ishtiag Hassan Abdalla Mohammed,
Environment and Natural Resources and Desertification Research Institute / National Centre for Research (NCR), P.O. Box 2404, People Hall Khartoum, 11113, Sudan.

Ahmed Ismail Ahmed Safi,
University of Kordofan, Institute of Gum Arabic Research and Desertification Studies, Elobeid, P.O. Box 160, Postal Code: 51111, Sudan.

Randa Elsir Elsayed Eltayeb,
Shendi University, Shendi, River Nile State, P.O. Box: 142 – 14, Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ABSENCRPCNICS/article/view/13049

First Report of the Forest Trees Defoliator Bagworm, Auchmophila kordofensis Rebel (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) in the Gezira State, Sudan | Chapter 2 | Aspects of Biodiversity in Sudan Experience of the National Center for Research with Particular Collaboration with the National Insect Collection/ARC/Sudan

Insects represent more than 70% of the animal kingdom. They show direct impact on agricultural food production as defoliator chewing plant leaves, sucking plant juices, or indirect effect by boring plant roots, stems or leaves, and thus spreading plant pathogens. The bagworm Auchmophila kordofensis is a moth known in some regions of the Sudan as a desertification agent. It threatens the country since its caterpillars strive mainly on V. nubica and A. tortilis which are forest trees that play vital role in fixing sand dunes, protecting watersheds and preventing soil. Biologically, female moth never leaves the case while the winged male emerges from the bag, seeks a female to mate and soon dies. The fertilized female moth produces a large number of eggs and dies inside the larval bag, with eggs retained in its body. The tiny larvae rupture the body of the dead mother and wriggle out of the bag through its bottom opening. When the larva reaches the maturity within ten to twelve weeks, it fixes its bag firmly to a twig by strands of silk, enters into diapauses till the following rainy season. The adults emerge and the life cycle is repeated. The species is monovoltine and has a single generation per year. A biodiversity survey project was conducted in Sudan semi arid zones; namely, North Kordofan, Khartoum and Gezira states. During this survey, A. kordofensis was recorded in Gezira State /El Managil Plateau, (13º 12¨and 14º 12¨ N and longitudes 33º and 24¨ and 32º 48¨ E), insect collection was done using butter fly netting method and the obtained specimens were identified at the National Insect Collection Museum, Agricultural Research Corporation, where A. kordofensis was noticed to be first report in Gezira state. This insect pest is a tree defoliator that threatens the natural vegetation in the Gezira stateand may consequently lead to cause desertification to agricultural soils. This record represent an early warning sign transmitted to forestry, crop protection Authorities and other concerned institutions in Gezira state to start necessary control measures, in its early occurrence.

Author(s) Details:

Abdel Gadir Mohammed Abdellah Dafaelseed,
National Insect Collection, Integrated Agricultural Pest Management Research Centre (ARC), Wad Medani, Sudan.

Maha Ali Abdellatif Ali,
Environment and Natural Resources and Desertification Research Institute / National Centre for Research (NCR), P.O. Box 2404, People Hall Khartoum, 11113, Sudan.

Ishtiag Hassan Abdalla Mohammed,
Environment and Natural Resources and Desertification Research Institute / National Centre for Research (NCR), P.O. Box 2404, People Hall Khartoum, 11113, Sudan.

Ahmed Ismail Ahmed Safi,
University of Kordofan, Institute of Gum Arabic Research and Desertification Studies, Elobeid, P.O. Box 160, Postal Code: 51111, Sudan.

Randa Elsir Elsayed Eltayeb,
Shendi University, Shendi, River Nile State, P.O. Box: 142 – 14, Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ABSENCRPCNICS/article/view/13048

First Record of the Great Eggfly Hypolimnas bolina L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Sudan | Chapter 1 | Aspects of Biodiversity in Sudan Experience of the National Center for Research with Particular Collaboration with the National Insect Collection/ARC/Sudan

Hypolimnas bolina L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is commonly known as the great Eggfly; andis a relatively common butterfly that can be found in deciduous forests and lightly woodedsides, butnative to Africa, South and Southeast Asia, and Australia. Biologically, this insect undergoes a complete metamorphosis. Eggs hatch into caterpillars with spiny body surface. that develop intopupae with rough body surface. Adult emerge after seven to eight days as pupae andisusuallyblack-bodied butterfly with a wingspan of about 70–85 millimeters. It also, has a high degree of sexual dimorphism. Females are owing to the presence of both genetic polymorphism and phenotypic plasticity, whereas, males are usually monomorphic. Their dorsal wing surface is jet black but features three prominent spots, two on the forewing and one on the hind wing.H. bolina host plant includesweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and arrow leaf sida (Sidarhombifolia). A research project was designed to monitor biological diversity focusing on adopting a specific parameter measurement for the performance of the ecosystem, such as measuring the coefficient of abundance, composition and richness of living species, in addition to measuring the main climate variables such as the size and length of the rainy season. These data are good indicators not only to reveal current conditions and trends for biodiversity, but also to give early warning signs of ecosystem performance. Three states were selected as study sites. These include Khartoum, Gezira and North Kordofan States. The eggfly specimens were collected usingbutterfly sweeping net. The specimens were then preserved and sent toAgricultural Research Corporation ARC (2020) and recorded as first collection. This identification knowledge may add to the understanding of its ecological significance and role and initiation of possible control effort- if needed - since this insect proved to be plant feeder.

Author(s) Details:

Maha Ali Abdellatif Ali,
Environment and Natural Resources and Desertification Research Institute / National Centre for Research (NCR), P.O. Box 2404, People Hall Khartoum, 11113, Sudan.

Abdel Gadir Mohammed Abdellah Dafaelseed,
National Insect Collection, Integrated Agricultural Pest Management Research Centre (ARC), Wad Medani, Sudan.

Ishtiag Hassan Abdalla Mohammed,
Environment and Natural Resources and Desertification Research Institute / National Centre for Research (NCR), P.O. Box 2404, People Hall Khartoum, 11113, Sudan.

Ahmed Ismail Ahmed Safi,
University of Kordofan, Institute of Gum Arabic Research and Desertification Studies, Elobeid, P.O. Box 160, Postal Code: 51111, Sudan.

Randa Elsir Elsayed Eltayeb,
Shendi University, Shendi, River Nile State, P.O. Box: 142 – 14, Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ABSENCRPCNICS/article/view/13047

Evaluate the Effect of Covid-19 on the Availability and Access to Medication: A Study Influenced the Adherence of Chronic Medications among Patients in the Khartoum Locality | Chapter 5 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 2

 The spread of the coronavirus ailment 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a unexpected and significant division in healthcare services, especially for sufferers suffering from incessant diseases. We aimed at judging the impact of the pandemic on adherence to incessant therapies through a orderly review of available studies. Since the early phases of the COVID-19 universal, several areas have gotten worse as the coronavirus forgiven has intensified. The pandemic had a important impact on many added industries, including the well-being industry, that was impacted in many ways. Health experts specifically questioned the patient's capability to take their medication as arbitrary despite obstacles. This poll attempts to label and discuss the tendency that individuals on chronic cures would get and routinely take their cures as directed. Two connected to the internet questionnaires were created with Google forms and likely to patients accompanying chronic illnesses and pharmacists in the Khartoum region. The survey was carried out during the study ending to obtain ultimate recent data. According to the dossier, 81.4% of the population stated difficulty acquiring their incessant medicine during the universal.  According to pharmacist drug chance in pharmacies decrease by 87%, despite that a significantly high percentage obey take their drugs (84%), and were able to acquire it by different approaches more than half of the sufferers ordered their drug from outside illegally, besides other approach bound for discussed through the paper

Author(s) Details:

Aya S. Ahmed,
University of Medical Science and Technology (UMST), 11128 Khartoum, Sudan.

Eman S. Wanasi,
University of Medical Science and Technology (UMST), 11128 Khartoum, Sudan.

Khadiga Eltegani,
University of Medical Science and Technology (UMST), 11128 Khartoum, Sudan.

Islam Ahmed,
General Medicine, Medway Maritime Hospital, UK.

Abdalla O. Elkhawad,
University of Medical Science and Technology (UMST), 11128 Khartoum, Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V2/article/view/12337

The Impact of Devaluation on Trade Balance in the Sudanese Context | Chapter 2 | Current Topics on Business, Economics and Finance Vol. 8

 The most of developing frugalities endeavor to achieve a business surplus by increasing exports over imports. Devaluation is regarded all at once way for a country to reach trade surplus, particularly by increasing the price of imports in the household country while reducing that of exports. The purpose concerning this chapter search out identify the primary financial variables that impact the trade balance of Sudan. Particularly, it reviews how Sudan’s mutual trade balance was jolted by exchange rate changes, revenue, and supply of money between 1970 and 2020. To review how bills devaluation jolted Sudan’s trade balance accompanying its basic partners, a cointegration approach and wrong correction method were used to expand the empirical model for this study. According to the bounds test, the variables of interest are interlacing in the long-run. The significance of the befriended equilibrium fixing supports the presence of a long-run connection. Furthermore, variance decomposition was executed to examine the active interactions of the variables contained in the estimated model. According to the results of the difference decomposition, changes in foreign earnings are a major contributing determinant in the forecast error difference of the trade balance in the not around for long. By contrast, in comparison accompanying other variables, the household money supply is very influential on trade balance in the long-run. One of the key verdicts of this study displays that the devaluation of Sudan’s cash does not represent solid progress toward enhancing the rank of its trade balance.

Author(s) Details:

Ahmed Abdu Allah Ibrahim,

Faculty of Economic and Social Studies, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.

Mohamed Sharif Bashir,

Applied Faculty, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTBEF-V8/article/view/11328

The Application of Remote Sensing in Vegetation Cover, Sudan | Chapter 8 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 5

 This paper wanted to review several studies on the use of detached sensing in Sudan accompanying a focus on plants cover in various domains by many scholars; the unification of remote thinking in the gum Arabic belt; pertaining to the south Gadarif region; ahable and chunk grabou area, silver Nile state with a devote effort to something the amount and mapping of land use land cover change through plan and monitoring the changes that happen in land use land cover, due to dryness, climate change, and transgression; east of the Nile Khartoum State, and in the middle during a half-of one hundred years. Following are recommendations came from these studies: the use of assessment signs including NDVI, SAVI, and PCA –maneuvered in color composite and/or unsupervised categorization can be secondhand as an appropriate mean for rangeland monitoring and amount which was urged from the study of North Kordofan state.

Author(s) Details:

Eisa M. Ahmed,
Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, P.O Box 160 –Elobeid, 51111, Sudan.

El Gunaid F. Hassan,
Department of Forestry and Range Sciences, University of Bakht Er-Ruda, Ad Duwem, Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V5/article/view/9853

Review of Gum Arabic Production, Sudan | Chapter 3 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 1

 In the current paper, the result of gum in Sudan was checked historically. According to the FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives, gum Arabic is an exudate of Acacia senegal. Acacia senegal is as known or named at another time or place “Kordofan gum” designating the region as a primary result area for this globally-renowned species of wax arabic. Sudan is the experience's largest builder and exporter, contributing 80 to 90% of the experience’s supply of this merchandise. Acacia senegal trees help improve soil energy and restrict surroundings change as well as the expansion of chastening in arid and almost-arid regions. Gum Arabic is a combination of potassium, magnesium and calcium salts of polysaccharide acid and is surely soluble in water.During the last 30 age, production in Sudan has shown dangerous signs of overall decline as well as a important year-to-year difference. Furthermore, during the 1990s, realm exports began to pick up push again, but exports from Sudan nearly remained the alike, due to stagnant result in Sudan as well as growing competition from other exporters. The goals aimed to review paste arabic production, establishment, and fluctuation in addition to the ongoing research finding in the last age.

Author(s) Details:

M. A. Eisa,
Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, P.O. Box-160, Elobeid-51111, Sudan.

Hanan M. Elhadi,
Africorp International, Kuwaiti–Sudanese Business Center, Nile St. Khartoum, Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V1/article/view/8625

Infestation of Cerambycidae Species on Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth in the Gum Belt, Sudan| Chapter 1 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 1

The Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth, (classification Mimosaceae); namely kitr in Arabic, is a multiuse tree in Sudan. Due to insufficient study consideration and the paucity of environmental knowledge, it is commonly impossible to assess the business-related harm.  Due to a lack of forest entomology facts on some Acacia species in Sudan, containing the mellifera, it is important  to distinguish the infestation of Acacia mellifera apiece insect's pest substitute severely infest other Acacia. The goals of this study were to estimate the allotment of infestation apiece longhorned beetles on Mellifera seedlings and to inspect for damage characteristics. Consequently, a field study was completed activity in the Kordofan region of Sudan from May to July 2007 to judge infestation characteristics established techniques for sipping insects from forests, insect damage and sign categories illustrated by some scientists, and tree calculations that caused infestation (for example crown size, and width, tree age, and climax, and diameter at breast altitude). The results show the presence of disease that is widespread holes purpose of the tree trunk except the northward.Infestation rates ranged from nothing to 26.68% on the study sites (n =2). Need for more ecological research on the longhorned beetles was urged from this study.

Author(s) Details:

Eisa, M. Ahmed,
Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, P.O.Box 160, Elobeid - 51111, Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V1/article/view/8623

Identification of Nematodes Associated with Citrus Trees in Dalanj Area, Sudan| Chapter 6 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

 The distinguishing objectives concerning this study were to survey and label the types of nematodes associated with citrus trees in the Dalanj extent; to determine contamination level, and to examine few botanical extracts in ruling (Xiphinema basiri) in citrus. The Bearman funnel method was used to extract the juveniles from the soil. Nematode identification is primarily established the nematode's body calculations. Water extracts were used to make horticultural extracts. After 24, 48, and 72 hours, the mortality rates of juveniles were written. The species was recognized as Xiphinema basiri based on semantic characteristics of the nematode. Juvenile mortality rates raised as concentration and uncovering time raised.The extracts from the bark of Punica grantum, seeds of Moringa oleifera, and sources of Croton zambesias, were found expected extremely toxic to juveniles of Xiphinema basiri (35.33, 30.33, and 26.33%), individually, after 72 employment recruiting and management, at a concentration of 10.000 ppm, distinguished to the average mortality rates of juveniles doctored with Cassia senna leaves and Moringa olifera (21and 19.67%). At 100ppm, all floral extracts had low mortality rates of 24.67-10% subsequently 72 hours, with only the extract from the bark of Punica grantum show mortality rates above 20% by any means exposure occasions. The seed extracts all had greater nematicidal activity than the leaf extracts.

Author(s) Details:

Eisa M. Ahmed,
Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Natural Resources & Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, P.O. Box 160, Elobeid-51111, Sudan.

Nigood M. Omer,
Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Natural Resources & Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, P.O. Box 160, Elobeid-51111, Sudan.

Taisser A. Almaleeh,
Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of Production and Economic Resources, Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V4/article/view/8581

Field Studies on Insect Pest of Pearl Millet in Sudan, the Millet Head Miner Heliocheilus albipunctella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) | Chapter 5 | Research Highlights in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

 This branch describes the verdicts of field studies conducted in Kordofan State (Sudan) having to do with ecological limits of the millet head miner, Heliocheilus albipunctella (DE JOANNIS, 1925), which is a main pest on gem millet, (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. BR). The results documented that in the on-station, El-Obeid region, the moths appeared engaged earlier in August, that is, on 14/8/93, while at Abu Zabad location came into view on 23/8/93. The moths disappeared earlier in September, that is, on 18/9/93 in the first location and on 23/8/93 and 4/10/93, individually in the second location.The rise of moths of H. albipunctella from diapausing pupae in the laboratory happen in August, i.e. all the while the period from 26/8–1/9. No moths arose in the laboratory after that ending. The findings told that compact heads supported considerably fewer tunnels (P < 0.01), distinguished to loose almost compact heads. In conclusion, the appearance of the millet-wiggle, Heliocheilus during the moist season coincided with the course stage of the millet and its vanishing from the field with the adulthood of the crop. The oviposition sites recorded were the heads of millet only, no different oviposition site, and/or added plant parts were recorded.

Author(s) Details:

Eisa M. Ahmed,
Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Natural Resources & Environmental Studies, University of Kordofan, P.O.Box 160, Elobeid-51111, Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHAS-V4/article/view/8580

Documentation and Investigation into the Floristic Composition of Barakat Area (Gazira State) Sudan | Chapter 9 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 4

 

 A study on floral composition was carried out in the Barakat Area of Sudan's Gazira State. During two field surveys, random plant specimens were gathered from varied locations. At the University of Khartoum's Faculty of Science, samples were prepared and stored there. A total of 127 angiosperm species from 43 botanical groupings were found. There were 36 families and 110 dicotyledons, with the most species belonging to the Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Mimosaceae, Convolvulaceae, and Caesalpinaceae families. Seven families containing 17 monocotyledon plant species were discovered, with the Poaceae and Cyperaceae groups having the greatest representation. Polygonaceae, Aristolochiaceae, Vitaceae, Cleomaceae, and Commelinaceae were the least prevalent families. Numerous of species were native flora, but just 27 were grown. Additionally, parasitic plants from the families Loranthaceae and Scrophulariaceae were identified. In total, there were 26 trees, 15 shrubs, 81 herbs, and 5 climbers in the flora. With 4 species, Euphorbia was the most widespread genus, followed by Acacia with 3. The indigenous flora made up 78.7 percent of the total, while the cultivated species made up 21.3 percent. In the research region, vegetation was found in three strata, with trees such as Acacia nilotica (Sunut), Acacia nubica (Laot), and Ziziphus spina-christi dominating the top layer (Sidir). Colatropis procera (Ushar) dominated the shrub layer, the second (intermediate) layer, while Cynodon dactylon ruled the third herbaceous layer. This research will be beneficial.

Author(s) Details:

A. H. Abdallah,
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Khartoum University, Sudan.

N. Mahmoud,
National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan.

Negood Elmahi,
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Khartoum University, Sudan.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V4/article/view/7592

Assessment of Urinary Schistosomiasis Distribution among School Children at Elkeriab and Tayba ELkababish Villages, Sudan | Chapter 08 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 5

 Introduction: Schistosoma infection is one of the most common infections in the tropics and subtropics, and it is the most common water-borne disease in the world. In terms of the number of persons affected and at danger, it's only second to malaria among parasitic diseases. The prevalence of S. haematobium in Sudan has been estimated to be between 0 and 20%.

The study's goal was to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in East Nile, Khartoum State, and to identify risk factors for S. haematobium infections.

Methodology: In this descriptive cross-sectional investigation, we examined the urine of all school-aged children from the two villages of Elkeriab and Tayba Elkababish in the East Nile area, Khartoum state, for S. haematobium, using a wet preparation and filtering approach.

Results: A total of 1205 school children were screened for Schistosoma haematobium, with 105 (8.7%) testing positive. The infection rate was higher in Tayba Elkabish than in Elkeriab (p value = 0.01), and men were more infected than females (p value = 0.01).

Conclusion: S. haematobium infection is still a prevalent infection in school-aged children in rural settings, particularly in irrigated schemes, with boys being the most affected. Although Schistosoma control operations have lowered the prevalence of S. haematobium infection, there is still a long way to go before Schistosoma is eradicated.

Author(S) Details

Osama Hafiz Elshazali
Department of Paediatric and Child Health, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

Qutoof Hashim Taha
Department of Microbiology, National Ribat University, Sudan.

Abubakr Ibrahim Ahmed
Department of Microbiology, National Ribat University, Sudan.

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The Spectrum of Congenital Heart Defects in Infants with Down’s Syndrome, Khartoum, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study | Chapter 10 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Using immunohistochemistry for NA, dopamine—hydroxylase (DBH), dopamine (DA), and tyrosine hydroxylase, the location and chemical nature of neurons immunoreactive to noradrenaline (NA) in the cat dorsal vagal complex (DVC) were investigated under various situations. In non-treated animals, the location of NA-immunoreactive (-ir) and DBH-ir neurons was largely overlapping. They were predominantly discovered in the nucleus of solitary tract (NTS), with a few in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. The bulk of NA-ir / DBH-ir neurons were found in the commissural and ventral subnuclei of NTS. In the area postrema, a limited number of weakly stained NA-ir cell bodies coexisted with numerous brightly marked DBH-ir cell bodies. The injection of pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), increased NA immunoreactivity and the quantity of DVC cells and axons. After treatment with MAOI + parachlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of tryptophan and phenylalanine hydroxylases, both DA and NA immunoreactivities were dramatically reduced in a large number of axons, while NA immunoreactivity in DVC cell bodies remained visible. NA immunoreactivity was enhanced solely in cell bodies in the areas specified above, where NA and DBH immunoreactivity was weak or undetectable. The physiological repercussions were examined using prior reports as a reference.

Author(S) Details

Osama El-Shazali
Department of Paediatrics, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

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Klippel-Feil Syndrome: A Rare Case | Chapter 11 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 17

 Background: Klippel-Feil Syndrome (KFS) is an uncommon congenital condition characterised by the fusion of two or more cervical vertebrae, which is sometimes accompanied by additional congenital abnormalities. Short neck, low hairline at the back of the head, and restricted neck movement are the most typical symptoms.

Case Presentation: An ultrasound examination of a 34-year-old mother's foetus at 22 weeks gestational age revealed an abnormal foetus. The patient was a mother of two healthy caesarean-sectioned children. A single, viable foetus with a hydrocephalous, short broad neck and expanded limbs was seen on sonographic testing. The parents were told about the syndrome and the predicted result after a clinical diagnosis of KFS was made. No intervention was chosen in favour of a cautious management approach. The patient was delivered via elective caesarean section at 37 weeks. At 1 and 5 minutes, an Apgar score of 4 and 6 was recorded for a female child weighing 2522 g. Short neck, low occipital hairline, and limited bilateral neck movements were all symptoms of KFS in this youngster. Unfortunately, due to respiratory difficulty, it died practically quickly. The parents objected to any post-mortem examination.

Conclusion: The Klippel-Feil syndrome's conventional triad is present in just around half of the patients. Other symptoms of the illness that may be observed are described in this study. KFS is uncommon, but with a high index of suspicion, it is easy to diagnose. Early detection can aid in the investigation of additional anomalies linked with it, as well as the early therapy and rehabilitation of the patient.

Author(S) Details

Sally Damra Elnour Mohammed
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nahda College, Khartoum, Sudan.

Mona Awadallah Mohammed Ali
Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences and Technology -Khartoum, Sudan.

Hassan Osman
Gezira University, Khartoum, Sudan.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V17/article/view/4211