Trends of Neonatal Infections in Libya after a Decade: Common Bacteria and Treatment Strategies | Chapter 1 | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 7

Neonatal infections represent a prevalent issue impacting newborns during their initial days, resulting in escalated mortality rates, particularly evident in less developed nations. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze various aspects related to neonatal infections, including the incidence of deaths among newborns at different times in the same hospitals, the policy of antibiotics used for treatment in neonatal intensive care rooms in Libyan hospitals, and a comparison of the types of microbes present during different years. A total of 112 patients (61 males and 51 females) in 2003 and 120 patients (65 males and 55 females) in 2013, all aged between one day and twenty-eight days, were selected from the neonatal intensive care units of two separate hospitals, Tripoli Medical Centre (TMC) and Al-Jalaa Paediatric Hospital, Tripoli, Libya. Two studies examined the microbes responsible for the beginning of infections in newborns and compared different treatment modalities. Predominant infectious manifestations included septicemia, meningitis, septic arthritis, and pneumonia. A descriptive analysis was performed with SPSS version 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Gram-negative Klebsiella and Staphylococcus emerged as the prevalent bacterial strains responsible for neonatal infections. The antibiotic regimens commonly employed in medical facilities in Libya comprised ampicillin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, vancomycin, amoxicillin, meropenem, amikacin, tazocin, and cloxacillin. Gender disparities were observed in the incidence rates of septicemia and meningitis, with the former being more recurrent in females. The collective fatality rate stood at 5–10% among the entire neonatal cohort. Further research and surveillance efforts are warranted to address evolving bacterial resistance patterns and refine therapeutic approaches in this vulnerable population.

 

Author (s) Details

H. Abushwereb
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tripoli, Libya.

 

R. Ibrahim
Al-Jalaa Pediatric Hospital, Libya.

 

F. Ennafathi
Tripoli Medical Centre, Libya.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v7/1187

Some Biological Parameters of Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Its Natural Enemy Acerophagus papayae Noyes et Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) | Chapter 1 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 3

The papaya mealybug is a parasitic insect that feeds on papaya. Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara De Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive bug that attacks a variety of host plants, inflicting significant damage to crops, particularly those of considerable economic value. The natural adversary of this mealybug, Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff, is released in the field to control it biologically (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). The goal of the study is to determine the developmental time and mortality rate of different stages of P. marginatus, as well as the daily fecundity and pre-, oviposition, and post-oviposition times of a female P. marginatus, as well as the total average number of emerging individuals of the hosts parasitized in 24 hours by a female and the total average development time of A. papayae.

The average daily fecundity of a female P. marginatus and the average number of offspring of a female A. papayae were determined in this study, which was done in the laboratory at 28.2°C, 75.5% RH, and 12:12 LD. The findings revealed that a female P. marginatus has three stages of reproductive activity, namely pre-oviposition, oviposition, and post-oviposition, each lasting 7.74 1.26, 6.13 3.02, and 7.45 4.27 days on average. A female P. marginatus lays an average of 25.262 11.16 eggs every day during oviposition and 224.32 29.99 eggs during the course of her lifespan, which is 18.44 3.31 days. Also, during the pre-imaginal phases of the genesis of P. Margatus showed substantial death rates of 61.40 0.05 and 52.8 0.025 in the first and second larval stages, respectively, however in the third stage, the rate is 35.02 0.03 for the female and nil for the male. The female had a total development time of 25.98 4.47 days while the male had a total development time of 29.70 5.58 days. The progeny of its natural nemesis A. papayae, on the other hand, averaged 8.22 4.676 males and 10.53 4.43 females each day, for a total of 18.75 9.087 offspring per day. A female A. papayae generated an average of 205.96 9.87 progeny in an average development time of 13.82 0.013 days during its lifetime (13.02 0.08 days).

Author(s) Details:

Seth Wolali Nyamador,
Ecology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 1 B. P. 1515, Togo.

Yawavi Eyram Gnomou,
Ecology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 1 B. P. 1515, Togo.

Komina Amevoin,
Ecology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 1 B. P. 1515, Togo.

Obinna Ajuonu,
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA-Benin, 08 BP 0932, Cotonou, Benin.

Georg Goergen,
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA-Benin, 08 BP 0932, Cotonou, Benin.

Isabelle Adolé Glitho,
Ecology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 1 B. P. 1515, Togo.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V3/article/view/7043