Sarcopenic Obesity in Patients with Gastroduodenal Ulcer in Lomé, Togo | Chapter 01 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 9

 

Background: Gastroduodenal ulcer disease (GUD) is a significant health burden in urban West Africa, a region undergoing a rapid nutritional transition. Conventional assessment using Body Mass Index (BMI) may fail to detect complex malnutrition phenotypes like sarcopenic obesity that could impair ulcer healing. While the infectious and pharmacological etiologies of GUD are well-documented, a critical knowledge gap persists regarding the role of nutritional status as a modulator of disease severity and healing capacity. This gap is particularly concerning in the context of the rapid and profound nutritional transition currently underway in urban African centres like Lomé.

Aim: This study aimed to characterise the detailed nutritional and metabolic profiles of GUD patients in Lomé, Togo, to unmask these underlying disorders.

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study, conducted from July to October 2024, recruited 127 patients with endoscopically confirmed GUD. Data were collected on sociodemographic, clinical, and dietary characteristics, with dietary quality assessed via a Dietary Diversity Score (SDA). A score of ≤ 4 was classified as low dietary diversity, while a score of ≥ 7 was considered high diversity.

Body composition, including visceral fat and skeletal muscle mass, was Evaluated using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Fasting venous blood was analysed for key biochemical markers, including albumin, folate, and homocysteine.

Results: The cohort (mean age 43.7; 35.4% Helicobacter pylori positive) presented a paradoxical nutritional profile. While BMI classified only 31.5% as overweight or obese, BIA revealed a high prevalence of sarcopenic obesity: 46.5% exhibited a low protein index, and 39.4% had visceral obesity. Poor dietary quality (SDA ≤ 4) was significantly associated with lower concentrations of prealbumin and albumin (p<0.05), reduced serum folate (p<0.01), and consequently higher, detrimental levels of homocysteine (p<0.01). The strong inverse correlation between a low Dietary Diversity Score (SDA) and elevated homocysteine levels, mediated by folate deficiency, unveils a critical metabolic pathway that further hinders recovery. Regular fruit consumption was protective against H. pylori infection (OR = 0.42), while a low education level was an independent risk factor (OR = 2.85).

Conclusion: Patients with GUD in Lomé are affected by a severe "double burden of malnutrition." The high prevalence of sarcopenic obesity, entirely masked by BMI, fosters a systemic metabolic environment of pro-inflammatory visceral adiposity and depleted protein reserves that is fundamentally antagonistic to mucosal healing. These findings highlight the inadequacy of BMI and underscore the urgent need to integrate body composition analysis and key biochemical markers into clinical assessment to guide effective nutritional interventions. This study has some limitations, including its cross-sectional design and its single-centre focus at a tertiary hospital. Future research should explore longitudinal studies to better understand the causal relationships between nutrition, body composition, and GUD progression.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Kponou Mathieu Bienvenu TOBOSSI
Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Abomey – Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.

 

Mamatchi MELILA
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, 01 BP 1515 Lomé 01, Togo.

 

Mlatovi DEGBE
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, 01 BP 1515 Lomé 01, Togo.

 

Abdel Haziz SINA OROU
Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Abomey – Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v9/6570

Observed Trends in Heavy Rainfall Over Tropical Catchments: Case Study of the Oti River Basin, West Africa | Chapter 6 | Research Advances in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 4

Climate change has exacerbated heavy rainfall which causes severe floods in West Africa. Global warming accelerates the evapotranspiration process which further alters the rainfall regime due to the increased capacity of the atmosphere to hold moisture according to the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship. Understanding how heavy rainfall events are changing locally is a useful step in the implementation of efficient strategies for flood risk management. This study aims at analyzing heavy rainfall over the Oti River basin. Daily rainfall and temperature data were collected from national meteorological stations in Benin, Ghana and Togo. Thus, seven (07) heavy rainfall indices were calculated using observed daily data from 1921 -2018. The methodology used to estimate heavy rainfall quantiles is an index storm regional frequency analysis based on L-moments of AMAX. The Mann–Kendall and Sen’s slope tests were used for the trend analysis. The results showed decreasing trends in most of the heavy rainfall indices. In addition, the occurrence of heavy rainfall of higher return periods has slightly decreased in a large part of the study area. Also, the analysis of the annual maximum rainfall revealed that the Generalized Extreme Value is the most appropriate three-parameter frequency distribution for predicting extreme rainfall in the Oti River Basin. These results are useful for efficient flood risk management and accurate estimation of design rainfalls in the study area.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Kossi Komi
Département de Géographie, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Espaces, les Echanges et la Sécurité Humaine (LaREESH), Université de Lomé, BP: 1515, Lomé-Togo, West Africa.

 

Komi S. Klassou
Département de Géographie, Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Dynamique des Milieux et des Sociétés (LARDYMES), Université de Lomé, BP : 1515, Lomé-Togo, West Africa.

 

Please See the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/raeges/v4/587

Effectiveness of Selective Tubal Catheterization in the Management of Female Infertility due to Proximal Tubal Obstruction in Togo | Chapter 8 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 11

 Influx: The problem of potency is growing nowadays not only in westward countries but further in other areas as even in underdeveloped countries the couples postpone labor well over the age of 30 in order to devote effort to something their careers and commercial stability.Objective: To determine the influence of selective tubal catheterization in the administration of female infertility on account of proximal tubal obstruction.Plans: This was a longitudinal explanatory study, conducted over a period of 24 months, that included 73 inmates presenting with actualized bilateral near tubal obstruction after standard HSG. The invasion was performed on an person being treated for medical problem basis, during the follicular development with negative β-hCG assay the epoch before, in the interventional radiology room and under medicine coverage. Confirmatory hysterosalpingography was acted as the first step understood by selective tubal catheterization after breakdown of spontaneous tubal opacification. Results: The age of our inmates was between 24 and 42 years accompanying an average of 33.97 years. The average event of infertility was 3.95 years, accompanying a predominance of basic infertility in 83.56% of cases. Willing termination of pregnancy (38.89%) and fibromyomas (33.33%) were ultimate represented gynecological-obstetrical predecessors in family. Selective tubal catheterization was successful in 92.14% of cases (129/140 tubes). It was attainable bilaterally in 93.02% of cases and unilaterally in 6.98% of cases. The confirmatory HSG admitted a spontaneous opacification of 4.10% of the fallopian tubes. At the end of the process, all the recanalized tubes were opacified; 62.01% of them were usual, against 37.99% pathological with a supremacy of inflammatory tubes 26.61% trailed by hydrosalpinx in 5.03% of cases. No major complications were met. The fertility rate was 23.29%.End: It is concluded that discriminating tubal catheterization has an objective and satisfactory therapeutic advantage. In a context place its indications are only joint with added techniques with emotional results such as hydrotubation, it debris the first-line treatment of infertility by having a common boundary tubal obstruction.

Author(s) Details:

Adjénou K. E.,
Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, CHU Campus, Togo and Center for Radiology and Medical Imaging, Clinique Autel d’Elie, Togo and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Togo.

Sabi Couscous H.,
Center for Radiology and Medical Imaging, Clinique Autel d’Elie, Togo.

Ndouandju Saha,
Center for Radiology and Medical Imaging, Clinique Autel d’Elie, Togo.

Sonhaye Lantam,
Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, CHU Campus, Togo and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Togo.

Amadou Abdoulatif,
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Togo.

Adambounou Kokou,
Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, CHU Campus, Togo and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Togo.

Agoda Koussema K.,
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lomé, Togo.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V11/article/view/12891

A Comparative Approach on the Phytochemical Investigation of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloids and Zanthoxylum macrophylum (Rutaceae) in the Central African Republic and Togo: A Case Study | Chapter 9 | Advanced Concepts in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

 The study completed activity on Z. zanthoxyloids and Z. macrophylum, lays on the program of valorizing phytogenetical money. The health benefits and toxicity of plant output are largely weak on their secondary metabolite cargos. These compounds are biosynthesized by plants as protection systems against tangible factors and spreading agents. Monographic and phytochemical research are contained. These resources' within uses demonstrate their meaning on the level of African countries with its own government like Nigeria, Togo, the Congo, the Ivory Coast, the Central African Republic, Benin, Senegal, and Mali. The most popular variety for treating rheumatism is Z. macrophylum. Z. zanthoxyloids is the variety that is working the most thoroughly inner practices. With the exception of Senegal, that has distinct requests, reasoning in multiple correspondences (AMC) accompanying a partial gift of 80% reveals that skilled is a correlation of uses across all countries with its own government. Total extracts obtains from the two particular species from the Central African and Togolese vegetation have various flexible according to various organs. The most main proportions are that Z. macrophylum barks from Togo (20%); Z. zanthoxyloids barks from the Central African Republic (19%); Z. zanthoxyloids barks from Togo (17%) and Z. macrophylum barks and ancestries from the Central African Republic (16%). The issues of phytochemical tests showed the appearance of alkaloids, of tannins, of flavonoids and saponosids in the means of the two variety. Meanwhile, one notices that : skilled is a total lack of alcaloids in the level of barks; the absence of saponisides in the level of Togolese and Central African Z. macrophylum leaves; tannins are likewise absent in the barks of Central African Z. zanthoxyloids barks and Togolese Zanthoxylum macrophylum ancestries. These differences in elements according to Togolese and Central African Republic maybe explained by chemotics that in a variety of in synthetic components on account of specific tangible determinants of each milieu.

Author(s) Details:

Kosh-Komba E.,
Laboratory of Biological and Agronomical Sciences for Development, Bangui, Central African Republic and Laboratory of Botanical and Vegetal Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo, Central African Republic and Center of Studies and Research on Pharmacopoeia and Traditional African Medicine, University of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Touckia I.,
Laboratory of Biological and Agronomical Sciences for Development, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Worowounga X.,
Laboratory of Architecture of Analysis of Reactivity of Natural Compounds (LAARSEN), Faculty of Sciences, University of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Toumnou A. L.,
Laboratory of Biological and Agronomical Sciences for Development, Bangui, Central African Republic and Center of Studies and Research on Pharmacopoeia and Traditional African Medicine, University of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Mololi A.,
Laboratory of Biological and Agronomical Sciences for Development, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Mukeina G.,
Laboratory of Biological and Agronomical Sciences for Development, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Semballa S,
Laboratory of Biological and Agronomical Sciences for Development, Bangui, Central African Republic.

Batawilla K.,
Laboratory of Botanical and Vegetal Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo, Central African Republic.

 
Akpagana K.,
Laboratory of Botanical and Vegetal Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, Togo, Central African Republic.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACMMR-V2/article/view/12270

Woody Species Characterization and Governance of a Protected Area in Togo: Case of Djamde Wildlife Reserve, Northern Togo | Chapter 13 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 9

 The aim concerning this study is to complete activity a forest inventory inside Djamde reserve in order to draft document a development and administration plan covering the reserve extent. Study also create an Ecological Corridor 'tween Wildlife Reserve and Sarakawa's Park and to promote public-private participation in protected region management. The most striking characteristic of equatorial forests, still, is the diversity of history they contain. Although the factors that create and maintain extreme species variety in the tropics have captivated considerable scientific focus.To date, skilled is still no legislative playacting that establishes Djamde's reserve rank. Since 2003, its management has happened granted to TOGO-FAUNE Company. A inspecting scheme was grown for Djamde Wildlife Reserve from cartographic holdings. A square mesh was founded using ArcView 3.2 software. This mesh live well it possible to place the plots over all reserve.Different plant communities recognized are: clear forests, gallery jungles, shrubby savannas and a collage of wooded / timber savannas. The stock of woody species completed activity on circular plots, allowed to label 126 ligneous class distributed in 40 botanical kins and 94 genera. Eleven of these class are classified in the IUCN Red List accompanying the status of "extinction risk".The pressures on the biodiversity of Djamde's reserve involve poaching, forest fuel production and plants fires. Nowadays, Djamde Wildlife Reserve, which is still under private government, is however managed by a director under the supervision of a manager and his agent who coordinate the activities of the Sarakawa-Djamde complex.

Author(s) Details:

Raoufou Radji,
Laboratory of Forestry Research, University of Lome, Togo.

Tchagou Awitazi,
Ministry of Environment and Forestry Resources (MERF), Lomé, Togo.


Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V9/article/view/11210

Management of Mandible Fractures in Dapaong, Togo | Chapter 1 | Current Progress in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

 Mandibular fractures are prevalent injuries in maxillofacial trauma. They are frequently associated with harsh, life-threatening injuries. There is no unity on their management. This trouble and the inadequacy of the technical policy in certain underdeveloped countries further complicate the management of these harms. It is in this context that we transported this single center, backward-looking and descriptive study to describe the epidemiological, demonstrative and therapeutic facets of mandibular fractures in a hospital with restricted resources in Togo.

Author(s) Details:

Tamassi Bertrand Essobiyou,

General Surgery Department, Dapaong Regional Hospital Center, Dapaong, Togo.

Saliou Adam,

Department of Stomatology, Otorhinolaryngology, Maxillofacial, Head and Neck Surgery, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo.

Michel Fabien Dargani,

Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Bogodogo University Hospital Center, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Solim Uziel Roselin Boko,

Department of Stomatology, Otorhinolaryngology, Maxillofacial, Head and Neck Surgery, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo.

Geremie Ananidjin,

Department of Stomatology, Otorhinolaryngology, Maxillofacial, Head and Neck Surgery, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo.

Alexandre Palissam Keheou,

General Surgery Department, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo.

Mohamed Issa,

General Surgery Department, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo.

 Haréfétéguéna Bissa,

Department of Stomatology, Otorhinolaryngology, Maxillofacial, Head and Neck Surgery, Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center, Lome, Togo.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMMR-V2/article/view/11280

Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices on the Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Togo | Chapter 7 | New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 10

Two objectives of microfinance are to reduce poverty (social performance) and to guarantee long-term profitability (financial performance). Microfinance institutions (MFIs) also have a social duty to its stakeholders in addition to these two factors. MFIs are among the numerous businesses that are becoming more interested in corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies. Many advantages, including as employee recruitment and loyalty, customer retention, and brand reputation, are promoted; nevertheless, CSR also results in higher expenses. The primary goal of this paper is to evaluate how Togolese MFIs' CSR activities affect their financial performance (FP). A sample of 60 Togolese MFIs was analysed using principal component analysis and partial least squares methods. Using the return on assets as a benchmark (ROA), The findings show that CSR positively and significantly affects MFIs' financial performance in the areas of customers, workers, and the community, but negatively and significantly affects their environmental performance. Given the general increase in interest in environmental concerns, educational initiatives and governmental regulations must be established and put into place to alter the perception that environmental efforts and costs are unimportant.

Author(s) Details:

Akouvi Gadedjisso-Tossou,

Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Lome, Lome, Togo.

Curwitch P’ham Bodjona,

Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Lome, Lome, Togo.

Maman Tachiwou Aboudou,

Faculty of Economics and Management, University of Lome, Lome, Togo.

Jean-Pierre Gueyie,

School of Management, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NIEBM-V10/article/view/7412

Some Biological Parameters of Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Its Natural Enemy Acerophagus papayae Noyes et Schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) | Chapter 1 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 3

The papaya mealybug is a parasitic insect that feeds on papaya. Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara De Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive bug that attacks a variety of host plants, inflicting significant damage to crops, particularly those of considerable economic value. The natural adversary of this mealybug, Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff, is released in the field to control it biologically (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). The goal of the study is to determine the developmental time and mortality rate of different stages of P. marginatus, as well as the daily fecundity and pre-, oviposition, and post-oviposition times of a female P. marginatus, as well as the total average number of emerging individuals of the hosts parasitized in 24 hours by a female and the total average development time of A. papayae.

The average daily fecundity of a female P. marginatus and the average number of offspring of a female A. papayae were determined in this study, which was done in the laboratory at 28.2°C, 75.5% RH, and 12:12 LD. The findings revealed that a female P. marginatus has three stages of reproductive activity, namely pre-oviposition, oviposition, and post-oviposition, each lasting 7.74 1.26, 6.13 3.02, and 7.45 4.27 days on average. A female P. marginatus lays an average of 25.262 11.16 eggs every day during oviposition and 224.32 29.99 eggs during the course of her lifespan, which is 18.44 3.31 days. Also, during the pre-imaginal phases of the genesis of P. Margatus showed substantial death rates of 61.40 0.05 and 52.8 0.025 in the first and second larval stages, respectively, however in the third stage, the rate is 35.02 0.03 for the female and nil for the male. The female had a total development time of 25.98 4.47 days while the male had a total development time of 29.70 5.58 days. The progeny of its natural nemesis A. papayae, on the other hand, averaged 8.22 4.676 males and 10.53 4.43 females each day, for a total of 18.75 9.087 offspring per day. A female A. papayae generated an average of 205.96 9.87 progeny in an average development time of 13.82 0.013 days during its lifetime (13.02 0.08 days).

Author(s) Details:

Seth Wolali Nyamador,
Ecology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 1 B. P. 1515, Togo.

Yawavi Eyram Gnomou,
Ecology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 1 B. P. 1515, Togo.

Komina Amevoin,
Ecology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 1 B. P. 1515, Togo.

Obinna Ajuonu,
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA-Benin, 08 BP 0932, Cotonou, Benin.

Georg Goergen,
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA-Benin, 08 BP 0932, Cotonou, Benin.

Isabelle Adolé Glitho,
Ecology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 1 B. P. 1515, Togo.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V3/article/view/7043