Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of DHFR Gene Polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum from Southern Côte d’Ivoire: Implications for Antimalarial Drug Resistance | Chapter 1 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 7

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the Asn-108 marker in Southern Côte d'Ivoire. Malaria remains a major public health issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene in Plasmodium falciparum plays a critical role in the parasite’s resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), a widely used antimalarial drug. Mutations in pfdhfr and pfdhps genes confer resistance to pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine respectively, with an in vitro decrease in P. falciparum sensitivity related to the number of mutations in each gene. In fact, since 2005, Côte d'Ivoire has adopted new strategies for malaria management including free provision of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) to children less than five years of age and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) for pregnant women. However, the introduction of ATCs raises concerns about the extensive use of cheap SP which could increase Plasmodium falciparum resistance level to SP. After obtaining consent, blood samples were collected in Anonkoua-kouté, Port-Bouët, and Ayamé sites from 180 patients over 2 years of age and having simple P. falciparum malaria. P. falciparum genomic DNA extracted from these samples was amplified by nested-PCR with pfdhfr specific primers. The amplification products were revealed by electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel and then sequenced according to the Sanger method. After sequencing, the prevalence of mutation points associated with P. falciparum resistance to pyrimethamine was determined. For the three study sites, 180 DNA fragments, of which 165 (165/180 or 91.66%) were successfully sequenced. A high prevalence of triple-mutant P. falciparum parasites reduces the efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as an intermittent preventive treatment against malaria in infants and children. Analysis of the 165 sequences indicated a prevalence of 61.29% (76/124) of the Asn-108 mutant allele versus 17.41% (27/155) of the wild-type Ser-108 allele. Results also indicated that the prevalence of Ser-108-Asn mutation was 69.07, 69.04 and 82.75% for Anonkoua- Kouté, Port-Bouët and Ayamé, respectively. More than a decade after the adoption of SP as IPT for pregnant women, the prevalence of the marker Asn-108 was relatively high in Anonkoua-kouté, Port- bouët and Ayamé. The study revealed an increase in potentially pyrimethamine-resistant isolates despite the withdrawal of SP as a first-line antimalarial treatment. These high proportions of known mutations in the pfdhfr gene could be in favour of a decrease in the SP efficacy in Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Author (s) Details

Dagnogo Oléfongo
UFR Biosciences, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, BP V 34 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire and Institute Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Ako Aristide Berenger
Institute Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Bla Kouakou Brice
UFR Biosciences, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, BP V 34 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Dago Dougba Noel
UFR Sciences Biologiques, Péléforo Gon Coulibaly University, BP1328 Korhogo, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Coulibaly N'golo David
Institute Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Coulibaly Baba
Institute Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Touré Offianan André
Institute Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.

Djaman Allico Joseph
UFR Biosciences, Felix Houphouët-Boigny University, BP V 34 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire and Institute Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v7/2518

Two Intensive Latex Harvesting Technologies on the Moderately Metabolic GT 1 Clone: A Study in Southeastern Region of Côte d'Ivoire | Chapter 4 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 5

 The purpose of the study search out evaluate the exposure to this illness. In the southeast of Côte d'Ivoire, the impact of two passionate latex harvesting processes on the moderately metabolic GT 1 clone was examined. Latex diagnosis is widely selected in natural elastic-producing countries to improve the natural elastic production through a physical-based tinted covering-harvesting order management. Hevea brasiliensis's ability to produce elastic is significantly restricted by dry notch. The rubber timbers were planted in a "individual-tree" exploratory design. one tree plot design, accompanying 31 trees per situation, selected on the support of circumference and energy. The parameters measured were elastic production, circumference increment, corporeal condition and susceptibility to dry rot. The results signify that the control (S d/1 6d/7 unstimulated with 1.43 ± 1.45%) induces considerably more dry notching than the latex harvesting whole (S/2 d/3 6d/7 ET 10% Pa 1 (1) 1/w), (0.18 ± 0.22%). The rubber output of this tinted covering harvesting whole is good (62 ± 16.32 g.a -1 .s -1 ) and, above all, it induces less stress that can bring about physiological fatigue or even dry notching. Furthermore, rubber result, radial herbaceous growth, tinted covering physiological limits of the latex and the dry-notch rate are influenced for one two treatments used to GT 1. In addition, the high and medium sweet substance (16.5 ± 3.01%) and thiol (0.51 ± 0.13 mmol.l -1 ) contents of the tinted covering at treatment level (S/2 d/3 6d/7 ET 10% Pa 1 (1) 1/w), are definite in the response to this stimulation. Sensitivity to dry notching is in a approximately linear friendship with the force of latex reaping to which the GT 1 clone is dominate; LEM (%) = 27.3989 + 0.0527 IRL and Arb S (%) = -.0.4497+ 0.0094 IRL. These results corroborate and confirm the moderate susceptibleness to dry notch of the GT 1 clone.

Author(s) Details:

Obouayeba S.,
Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Station de Recherche de Bimbresso, 01 BP 1536 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

Koffi A.,
Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Station de Recherche de Bimbresso, 01 BP 1536 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

Obouayeba A. P.,
Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Station de Recherche de Bimbresso, 01 BP 1536 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

Ballo E. K.,
Université Jean Lorougnon, UFR Agroforesterie, Laboratoire d’Amélioration de la Production, Daloa, BP 150 Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire.

Lehi M. I.,
Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, UFR Biosciences, Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Abidjan, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.

Adou B. Y. C.,
Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Station de Recherche de Bimbresso, 01 BP 1536 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

Et Essehi J. L.,
Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA), Station de Recherche de Bimbresso, 01 BP 1536 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V5/article/view/12299

Application of a Deterministic Distributed Hydrological Model for Estimating Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources in Côte d’Ivoire UsingRCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 Scenarios: Case of the Aghien Lagoon | Chapter 10 | International Research in Environment, Geography and Earth Science Vol. 9

 The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of climate change on the quantitative availability of the Aghien lagoon, which is located in the northwestern district of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. In the first step, the semi-distributed SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools)-based physical model [1] was calibrated and validated at the monthly time step in the Mé watershed, where flow rate data are available, from 1960 to 1981. SWAT was then used on the ungauged watershed of the Aghien lagoon, which poses significant challenges for the Abidjan population's drinking water supply. In a subsequent step, the delta method was used to correct the gross outputs (precipitation, temperatures) of six climate models from the CORDEX-Africa project under the "Representative Concentration Pathways" (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) scenarios. These corrected outputs were used as input to the SWAT model to project the impact of climate change on the flow of the Aghien lagoon for the time periods 2040 (2035-2056), 2060 (2057-2078), and 2080. (2079-2100). The projections made on these various Over the period 1960-1981, horizons were compared to simulated flow. The results show that the annual flow of the Aghien lagoon has decreased significantly when compared to the reference period (1960- 1981). Under the medium assumption (RCP 4.5), the models predict an average decrease in annual discharge of nearly 10%. The average annual discharge should fall by more than 17% under the pessimistic hypothesis (RCP 8.5). In both RCP scenarios, monthly flows in August and September would increase by more than 80%, while monthly flows in October and November would increase by more than 20%.

Author (s) Details

Wa Kouakou Charles N’Dri
Laboratory of Sciences and Techniques of Water and Environment, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University of Cocody-Abidjan,Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire and HSM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.

Séverin Pistre
HSM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.

Jean Patrice Jourda
Laboratory of Sciences and Techniques of Water and Environment, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University of Cocody-Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

Kan Jean Kouamé
Laboratory of Sciences and Techniques of Water and Environment, Felix Houphouet-Boigny University of Cocody-Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IREGES-V9/article/view/1514