Peculiarities of Interactions in the Solanum spp/ Potato Tuber Spindle Viroid (PSTVd) Pathosystem and Symptoms of Mixed Viroid/Viral Infection | Chapter 6 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

Aims: To evaluate responses to four strains of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and to mixed viroid/viral infection of modern potato cultivars.

 

Study Design: Four PSTVd strains were used to evaluate the tolerance of potato varieties: VP35 (LC523658), VP87 (LC523667), FP10-13 (LC523676), and NicTr-3 (LC654171). These strains were chosen based on their different geographic origin and their different aggressiveness against a highly susceptible tomato cv. Rutgers.

 

Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Plant Resistance to Diseases of All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, between January 2022 and May 2024.

 

Methodology: The study included 39 modern potato cultivars of different origin. Transcripts of four PSTVd strains were used to inoculate tomato plants of the cv. Rutgers. Before PSTVd inoculation with tomato sap, all potato plants were tested for viral infection by ELISA. The presence of PSTVd in infected plants was verified by RT-PCR as well as by RT-qPCR.

 

Results: The strain-specificity in the response of 39 cultivars to viroid infection was revealed. Five types of symptoms on tubers were identified at 90 dpi. Five cultivars were identified in which, after the first inoculation of plants with all PSTVd strains, normal in shape tubers were formed. Average tuber weight for PSTVd- infected plants was more than twice and a half time less compared to mock-inoculated plants (P < 0.05). All plants of the next generation derived from infected but normally shaped tubers showed strong symptoms of disease. After three cycles of continuous propagation in tomato cv. Rutgers PSTVd strains became less aggressive to potato cultivars. Mixed viroid/viral infection lead to an increase manifestation of tuber deformation only for certain cultivars.

 

Conclusion: The strain specificity of the majority of cultivars in terms of the degree of symptom development after the first inoculation was established. Five cultivars were symptomless after the first inoculation with four strains but were found to have severe viroid symptoms in plants obtained from PSTVd-infected tubers. No synergism in the manifestation of mixed viroid/viral infection symptoms on tubers was found.

Author(s) Details:

Afanasenko O. S.,
All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Lashina N. M.,
All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Mironenko N. V.,
All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Kyrova E. I.,
All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Rogozina E. V.,
N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Zubko N. G.,
All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Khiutti A. V.,
All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V6/article/view/14148

Constructive Dialogue and its Effect on Interreligious Tolerance| Chapter 4 | Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 5

 Reviewing and resolving the background and past of religious dialogue in the globe, more than all else, we understand the law of necessity and position of talk as a common and public principle with religions, which in a fuller view has been agreeable to all, or majority of religious society. The word “dialogue” has a existence as long as the history and the traditional texts of religions are full of talks prevailing with different religious population.  This issue indicates that a otherworldly and inherent sense is within the solid core of all persons towards dialogue, which as a unaffected and inherent feature has existed prevailing again of creation up to the, and it will continue so.  Firstly, engaging the dialogue or saying and hearing either to inner self or the added people, when it is being formed accompanying a commitment to human law and rationality, will character overpass a self-oriented stance and recognize different persons. Secondly, this Constructive Dialogue which is made on human principles form him/her listen and allow the others’ views. Thirdly, it makes him/her be dedicated towards human principle of fortitude and recognize the other(s) also. On this basis, the progression of the principle of dialogue and prominence on this innate custom will cause the spread of the culture of fortitude, peace, tranquility. Furthermore, outrunning from dialogue will lie down grounds for a self-oriented stance, prejudice, pride, omission of remainder of something and violence in the human society. Islam, not only gives creativeness to dialogue, but likewise clearly and immovably puts forth the constructive talk as a basic law in human relations and a base to attain the common goals of human communities.

Constructive Dialogue and its Effect on Interreligious Tolerance| Chapter 3 | Research Aspects in Arts and Social Studies Vol. 5

 Reviewing and resolving the training and experiences of religious talk in the realm, in addition all different, we understand the law inevitably and position of talk as a ordinary and public principle with religions, that in a fuller view has happened agreeable to all, or majority of conscientious folk. The word “talk” has a existence because the history and the traditional texts of religions are brimming of talks general with different scrupulous population.  This issue signifies that a otherworldly and inherent sense is inside the solid gist of all persons towards talk, which as a normal and hereditary feature has existed general fresh of creation until the, and it will resume so.  Firstly, engaging the talk or saying and hearing either to innermost being or the added community, when it is being formed accompanying a obligation to human standard and logic, will character overpass a self-familiarize stance and identify different men. Secondly, this Constructive Dialogue which is made on human standard form him/her attend and indulge the others’ views. Thirdly, it form him/her be dedicated towards human law of fortitude and recognize the added(s) also. On this support, the progression of the standard of dialogue and importance on this inherited belief will cause the spread of the education of fortitude, peace, peace. Furthermore, outrunning from talk will lie down estates for a self-oriented stance, prejudice, pride, lapse of possible choice and intensity in the human society. Islam, not only gives creativeness to talk, but too definitely and immovably puts forth the helpful talk as a elementary law cruel relations and a base to obtain the coarse principles of human societies.

Author(s) Details:

Mahmoud Vaezi,
Department of Quran and Hadith, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Sciences, University of Tehran, Iran.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAASS-V5/article/view/9353

Assessment of Mapping Insecticide Resistance of Dengue Vectors in Northern Viet Nam From 2010-2021| Chapter 11 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol.10

  The study used WHO standard methods bioassay for mosquito sensitivity to insecticides to investigate the susceptibility and resistance of mosquito populations from 189 sites in 12 provinces/cities in Northern Vietnam. From 2010 to 2021, the widespread pesticide resistance status of dengue vectors in Northern Vietnam was mapped. The data was collected in the provinces of Ha Noi, Quang Ninh, Vinh Phuc, Bac Ninh, Cao Bang, Lang Son, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Hai Phong, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, and Ha Tinh, and represents an update of documentation on the distribution and insecticide resistance status of dengue vectors in Northern Vietnam, particularly pyrethroid resistance status. The majority of Aedes aegypti populations in Ha Noi were resistant to alphacypermethrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, etofenprox, lambdacyhalothrin, permethrin, and DDT, but vulnerable to malathion; most populations in other parts of the North are tolerant.

The majority of Aedes albopictus populations in most of the 12 Northern Vietnamese provinces tested were resistant to DDT but vulnerable to alphacypermethrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, and Malathion, with a few populations tolerating it. This document is aimed at policymakers, national programme managers, and other partners involved in the fight against dengue fever in Vietnam.

Author(s) Details:

Tran Thanh Duong,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.


Nguyen Quang Thieu,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.


Bui Le Duy,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.


Vu Duc Chinh,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.

Nguyen Van Tuan,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.


Nguyen Tran Bich Diep,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.

Ho Dinh Trung,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.


Nguyen Van Dung,
National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology , Vietnam.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V10/article/view/5990

Study of Relations’ Properties Compatibility | Chapter 10 | Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 6

 This post is a follow-up to my previous study [1]. The circumstances for the emergence of tolerance are examined in the first section - the uncertainty in the definition of the diagonal for such sets leads to it. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the previously indicated property manifestations of relations cannot occur inadvertently or independently on each other. It was also demonstrated that only reflexive antisymmetric transitive relations may be used to make set ordering. There was also some ambiguity in the concept of an idempotent element among relations. The works [6–14] detail general definitions of set theory (such as ordered and unordered pairs, set union and intersection, and so on).

Author(S) Details

Mikhail A. Mikhaylov
Research Development Institute for Physical Problems, Zelenograd, Moscow, Russia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMRCS-V6/article/view/5313

Cadmium-Resistant Fungi from Cocoa Crops: Isolation, Morphological Identification and Tolerance Assessment | Chapter 4 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 5

 The goal of this work is to extract and assess cadmium-tolerant native fungi from cocoa soils in order to use them in cadmium bioremediation in cocoa farms. The soil samples were taken in Peru's cocoa growing regions of Junn, Pucallpa, and Mazamari. The fungi were isolated from the colony and identified by their appearance on potato dextrose agar (PDA). All of the detected strains were grown on PDA agar with 87.64 ppm of cadmium to exclude out non-resistant or poorly resistant bacteria. The macroscopic and microscopic features of positive strains were used to identify them. To test cadmium tolerance, the diameter of the colony formed on PDA with 87.64, 175.29, and 350.59 ppm of cadmium was measured. A total of 100 fungal strains were identified, with 24 tolerant to 87.64 parts per million, 21 to 175.29 parts per million, and 16 to 350.59 parts per million. J2E2 (Acremonium sp.), MP4H1 (Curvularia sp.), HK6 (Not Described, ND), and JH3 (Fusarium sp.) were the fungus with the highest tolerance. HK6 (ND), H2 (Penicillium sp. ), AP3H4 (ND), and J2E2 were the strains with the best tolerance indices (Acremonium sp.). According to the findings, native fungi isolated from cocoa soils are tolerant of high cadmium concentrations, implying that they could be used as bioremediators in cocoa farms or other biotechnological processes.

Author(S) Details

Mario Alcarraz Curi
Laboratory of Industrial Bioprocesses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

Ana Maria Evangelio Gutierrez
Laboratory of Industrial Bioprocesses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

Mc. Kennet Yamel Enriquez Montesinos
Laboratory of Industrial Bioprocesses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

Jean Paul Julian Ibarra
Laboratory of Industrial Bioprocesses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

Deysi Damina Rendon Godoy
Laboratory of Industrial Bioprocesses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

Andres Stefano Sanchez Manrique
Laboratory of Industrial Bioprocesses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

Joselin Wendy Palomo Atanacio
Laboratory of Industrial Bioprocesses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V5/article/view/4598

Multicollinearity in Binary Logistic Regression Model | Chapter 2 | Theory and Practice of Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 8

 One of the major issues with the binary logistic regression model is that the explanatory variables that are taken into account for the logistic regression model are strongly correlated. Multicollinearity affects confidence intervals and hypothesis tests by causing unstable estimates and inconsistent variances. The aim of this paper was to address some diagnostic metrics for detecting multicollinearity, such as tolerance and the Variance Inflation Factor. Variance proportions, condition index, and (VIF). Data from a survey of road injuries is used to demonstrate the adapted diagnostics. Secondary data for this analysis was obtained from the Traffic Police Headquarters in Colombo, Sri Lanka, from 2014 to 2016. The answer component is accident severity, which is divided into two categories: grave and non-grave. The correlation matrix, tolerance, and VIF are used to detect multicollinearity. The condition index and variance proportions were used to validate the values. Increase the sample size, remove one of the associated variables, and combine variables into an index are some of the logistic regression solutions available. It can be safely inferred that omitting one of the associated variables can significantly reduce multicollinearity without raising sample size. As a result, a stable and valid predictive logistic regression model can be developed based on adequate inspection and anti-multicollinearity steps.

Author(s) Details

Ms. N. A. M. R. Senaviratna
Department of Mathematics, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka.

Mr. T. M. J. A. Cooray
Department of Mathematics, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TPMCS-V8/issue/view/50