Ecological and Biomedical Significance of Soil and Aquatic Microbes in River Deltas| Chapter 3 |Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 

The world's deltas are home to a vast array of distinct soil and aquatic microbes, most of which take the form of bacteria, fungi, parasites, archaeans, actinomycetes, viruses, etc. They support the ecosystem in many ways, helping to preserve the equilibrium of the natural elements, the biogeological components, and the ecological components. In addition to offering plants environmental and natural defense against pests and diseases, soil microbes also help plants thrive. They play a critical role in converting nutrients and nitrogen into forms that plants can eat. The various functions that aquatic and soil bacteria play are decomposition, oxygen production, evolution, and symbiosis. Certain River Deltas have the highest concentrations of the saline soil-dependent bacterial and fungal community, whereas other River Deltas are enhanced with certain microbes that aid in soil remediation. In certain instances, variations in the C, N, and P ratios are caused by specific kinds of bacteria that break down hydrocarbons. Given that bacteria also produce various allergens and antigens, which are the primary causes of a variety of infectious diseases, some bacteria are used in research studies to produce anti-allergens and medicinal drugs.

 

Author(s) Details

Rajrupa Ghosh
Department of Allied and Health Science, Institute of Management Study, Affiliated to MAKAUT, E.M Bypass, 93 Mukundapur Main Road, West Bengal, Kolkata-700099, India.

Rituparna Acharya
Netaji Subhas Open University, DD-26, Sector-I, Salt Lake City, West Bengal, Kolkata-700064, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v5/1412

A Rapid and Cost-Effective Method for Genomic DNA Extraction from Plant Fungal Pathogens | Chapter 9 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 

This chapter demonstrates a rapid, cost-effective, and safe method for extracting genomic DNA from multiple plant fungal pathogens. Pure cultures of Fusarium equesti, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Fusarium proliferatum, and Alternaria alternata, isolated from diseased wheat, grapevine, potato, and lily plants, respectively, were used. The fungal samples were ground with sterilised sand and 2N NaOH, followed by centrifugation to separate sand grains and fungal cellular components from the DNA. The resulting DNA was mixed with Tris buffer (1 M, pH 8). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was successfully amplified, sequenced, and analysed from the extracted DNA of all four pathogens. This safe technique offers a straightforward, efficient, and non-hazardous method to obtain sufficient quantity and quality DNA suitable for molecular assays to identify plant fungi.

 

Author(s) Details

 Adnan A. Lahuf
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq.

 

Ola H. Jaafar
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq.

 

Zainab L. Hameed
Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v3/2117

Edible Coatings from Plant Leaf Extracts: Preserving Quality and Mitigating Fungal Contamination in Stored Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Fruits | Chapter 3 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of Moringa, Neem and Bitter leaf as edible coatings for extended storage life and quality retention of tomato fruits. The presence of decay is a very serious defect which renders tomatoes unmarketable. Fungi are the most important and prevalent pathogens infecting a wide range of fruits and causing destructive and economically important losses of fruits during storage, transportation and marketing. The use of edible coating has also received more attention in recent years due to the growing interest in reducing environmental pollution, the need to prolong the shelf life of foods and the increasing demand for healthier ecological foods. The impact of extracts from plant leaves as edible coatings on quality retention of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) fruits after inoculation with fungal isolates was investigated. The experiment was conducted in the Botany Laboratory of the Benue State University, Makurdi. Healthy tomato fruits of the Roma variety were collected at semi ripe stage from the experimental farm. A total of five fungi namely; Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium waksmanii, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum asianum were artificially inoculated into the healthy tomato fruits. The inoculated tomato fruits were coated with leaf extracts of Moringa, Neem and Bitter leaf at 80%w/v and 100% w/v and stored at room temperature. Quality parameters of tomato fruits evaluated include; Beta-carotene content, Lycopene content, pH and Total soluble solids. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze data. Leaf extract of Moringa, Neem and Bitter leaf at 100% w/v gave the best quality retention of tomato fruits. There was a significant increase (P≤0.05) in Beta-carotene and lycopene content of tomato fruits treated with Moringa, Neem and Bitter leaf extracts at 100% w/v over the storage period. pH and total soluble solids content of tomato fruits treated with Moringa, Neem and Bitter leaf extracts decreased with increased rate of concentration over the duration of storage. Lycopene is the major carotenoid compound in tomatoes, it gives the fruit its characteristic red colour. It was observed that lycopene content from all treatments increased as the concentration increased over storage time with the untreated having the least lycopene content. The increase in lycopene content of fruits treated with leaf extract might be due to the faster ripening rate of fruit which leads to the conversion of chloroplasts to chromoplasts and lycopene accumulation in the internal membrane system. Plant extracts have the potential to maintain the quality parameters of tomato fruits during storage. The use of leaf extract of Moringa, Neem and Bitter leaf at 100% w/v concentration should be utilized in coating tomato fruits to maintain their quality parameters during storage. Improvement in methods of coating and the number of additives should be enhanced to effectively impact the overall quality of food products during storage.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Liamngee K
Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria.

 

Dangana MD
Department of Applied Biology, (Section) Microbiology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

 

Hafsat D
University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

 

Chigboja MO
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu State, Nigeria.

 

Ameh LO
Center for Food Technology and Research, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

 

Lawir CN
Center for Food Technology and Research, Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria.

 

Fayinminu AO
Department of Biological Sciences, Benue State University Makurdi, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v7/3734

Textbook of Microbial Diversity | Book Publisher International

The Textbook of Microbial Diversity is a comprehensive book that explores the diverse world of microorganisms. It covers various groups of microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses, and protists, emphasizing their unique characteristics, classification, and ecological roles. The book often integrates information from microbiology, ecology, and genetics to offer a detailed understanding of how these organisms contribute to the environment, human health, and industrial applications. The key topics covered in this book include microbial classification and taxonomy, diversity of microbial life exploring the immense variety of microbial species found in different ecosystems, microbial ecology that discusses the fundamental interactions between microbes and their environment and their role in nutrient cycling, biotechnological applications of microbes in various sectors and outline of the use of various modern techniques require to study microbial diversity. The book aims to provide readers with a foundational understanding of microbial life and the methods used to study and appreciate its complexity and importance. It serves as a useful resource for degree students, researchers, and teachers interested in microbiology, botany, ecology, and other related fields.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. Dipak Kewalramji Koche
Department of Botany, Shri Shivaji College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Akola (MS), India.

 

Dr. Rupali Prakash Shirsat
Department of Botany, Shri Dr. R. G. Rathod Arts & Science College, Murtizapur District Akola (MS), India.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-64-0

Cytotoxicity of Culture Filtrates of Aspergillus niger L. Derived from the Deproteinized Juice of Cabbage on Allium sativum L. Root Cells | Chapter 5 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

DPJ is the byproduct of green crop fractionation and it was found appropriate for plant and fungi growth. It was found that DPJ from Lucerne cause abnormalities in onion root tips. In order to confirm the Aspergillus niger culture filtrate influence on meristematic root growth, mitosis of garlic was attempted. It was grown on the natural leafy extract at Botany Laboratory of Ruparel College, Mumbai. The protein was isolated from the juice, called as Deproteinized Juice (DPJ) as the medium, compared with Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) as control medium. Growth of the fungi was supressed by all concentrations of DPJ. Grown fungal biomass culture filtrates of DPJ at various concentrations consumed to study its influence on cytology of Allium. The various concentrations resulted to root growth.The increased concentration of DPJ became responsible to cause the chromosomal abberations like clumping, stickiness, micronuclei etc especially in the stages of prophases. It concludes that culture filtrates of fungi grown on DPJ has the efficacy in changing the chromosomes by retarding the further cell division to metaphase. It indicates that the Aspergillus niger influenced as the antibiotic for Allium survival.

Author(s) Details:

Rajesh K. Jadhav,
Department of Botany, D. G. Ruparel College (Affiliated with University of Mumbai), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Saket Patel,
Department of Botany, D. G. Ruparel College (Affiliated with University of Mumbai), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V4/article/view/13321

Assessment of The Impact of Biological Products on the Quality of Potato Tubers | Chapter 6 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

 The aim of the study search out assess the effect of advantageous microorganisms introduced into the soil on picked indicators of the feature of edible vegetable tubers. The study evaluated an early, honest, drought-resistant, extreme cold-resistant and stress-opposing potato type of the Russian selection "Udacha". When increasing potatoes, organic products "Organic", "Protection of ancestries" and "Crop rotation" were secondhand, which involve bacteria and fungi in allure composition. The experiment help 4 options: 1) Control, 2) "Organic", 3) "Protection of roots", 4) "Crop turn". Biological products "Organic" and "Protection of ancestries" were applied when setting potatoes, and the organic product "Crop turn" was applied two weeks before establishiing. In the grown vegetable tubers, the starch arrangement was determined utilizing the polarimetric method, the source of nourishment C composition was determined utilizing the visual titration design, the polyphenol composition was driven using the spectrophotometric design applying Folin's acid-base indicator, the antioxidant activity was driven using potassium permanganate titration, and the nitrate arrangement was determined utilizing an ion-selective terminal on an ion meter. The results of the research demonstrated that in potato tubers the vigor composition was the lowest in the control variant (14.9%), and the topmost in the variant with the organic product “Crop Rotation” (17.8%); the arrangement of vitamin C was rude in the control variant (18.9 mg/100 g), and it was the highest in the variant accompanying the biological device “Crop Rotation” (25.3 mg/100 g); the composition of polyphenols (in mg-eq of gallic acid per g of dry burden) was the highest in the variant accompanying the biological produce “Organic” (4.1), and the lowest in the control variant (3.0); antioxidant exercise (in mg-eq of gallic acid per g of dry weight)  was the lowest in the control variant (6.5), and it was the capital in the variants accompanying biological production "Organic" and "Crop rotation" (8.4); the arrangement of nitrates decreased completely experimental modifications in comparison accompanying the control variant. The application of advantageous bacteria and fungi into the soil considerably contributed to the bettering of the quality signs of grown potato tubers.

Author(s) Details:

S. P. Zamana,
State University of Land Use Planning, 15 Kazakova St., Moscow, 105064, Russia.

T. V. Papaskiri,
State University of Land Use Planning, 15 Kazakova St., Moscow, 105064, Russia.

T. D. Kondratieva,
Bioelements limited Office G56, The Bio Centre, Innovation Way, York Science Park, YO10 5NY, United Kingdom.

D. A. Shapovalov,
State University of Land Use Planning, 15 Kazakova St., Moscow, 105064, Russia.

T. G. Fedorovsky,
State University of Land Use Planning, 15 Kazakova St., Moscow, 105064, Russia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V7/article/view/11851

Estimation of Beneficial and Harmful Microorganisms of Soil | Chapter 14 | Emerging Issues in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 6

 This unit investigated about the Estimation of Beneficial and Harmful Microorganisms of soil.   A research work was transported at Wild Life Institute of India, Dehradun. Collected samples n-16, place 9 samples excluded from the study on account of colored DNA. The 9 sample fit from chemical treat soil sample 7 soil samples (Organic discussed individual) selected against the Evaluation of Soil Nematodes that is, Plectus parietinus, Plectus parvus, Caenorhabditis elegans. i.e.,   for the portion reasoning we used Cubimetere (Invitrogen) as well DNA were found expected ranged in 50ng/l to100 ng/µl. the readings of all sample DNA yield in likely in Table 1. The BLAST analysis of picked sample cleared that the all query samples doubled accompanying three different variety of nematodes. The sample 1 & Sample 4 matched accompanying Plectus parietinus, sample 3, 6 & 7 doubled with Plectus parvus, sample 2 & 5 doubled with Caenorhabditis elegans. From all the calm Organic and Inorganic Samples, the Nematodes were found from only the samples that is, composed from organic fields.

Author(s) Details:

Bethala Naveen,
Hemvathi Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal), Uttarakhand – 246174, India.

Yeturi Srikaran Reddy,
Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand – 248007, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/EIAS-V6/article/view/11442

Aspergillus fumigatus Catalase | Chapter 3 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 6

 Catalases are antioxidant enzymes that movement the cleavage of hydrogen whiten into water and molecular oxygen and are widely distributed in type. There is little information in the composition on the kinetic and biochemical properties of catalases created by fungi. Therefore, this study aimed to disengage the catalase enzyme from Aspergillus fumigatus, that is known to be a good catalase builder, and to determine allure properties. Optimal catalase production was worked out on the seventh day of culturing containers grown at 37o C and 155 rpm in excellent-liter YpSs medium containing 1% (w/v) glucose and 0.5 mM H2O2. The catalyst was successfully freed 24-fold with a 55% recovery. The microscopic weight was driven to be ~70 kDa at SDS-PAGE. The optimum reaction temperature of the something which incites activity was set at 60°C and pH at 7.0. Km and Vmax principles were calculated as 7.4 mM and 1250 μ M min-1, individually. Stability tests showed that the something which incites activity could wait active in a wide pH range (4.0-9.0). The warm stability of catalase was 'tween 30o C and 50o C. The enzyme was likewise stable to various solvent such as intoxicating, methanol, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide depending on the aggregation and incubation opportunity. The biochemical properties of the something which incites activity (low Km, stability towards various pH and organic solvent, etc.) indicate that A. fumigatus catalase can serve as a good biocatalyst for differing industrial uses.

Author(s) Details:

Ceren Aggez,
Department of Biology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli-41001, Turkey.

Yonca Yuzugullu Karakus,
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli-41001, Turkey.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V6/article/view/10920

Advanced Thermophilic Fermentation of Wood Wastes with Nitrogen-rich Agricultural and Other Organic Wastes for the Production of Biomethane/Renewable Natural Gas Globally | Chapter 1 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

 Improved thicket management formed of the collection of tree mortalities and of the pruning of tree stands can yield a big, but as of now mainly un-utilized biomass property that can be employed as well high in nitrogen content land wastes such as animal manures to produce inexhaustible natural gas via a organic process.  The novel process mimics the well-known forest digestion to poison gas employed by lower termites but operating at thermophilic temperatures. The adaptation process of renewable forest to green or bio-poison gas, designated as “Wood to Methane 3+2” exists of five (3+2) steps. The initial “3” steps of the process include (a) forest maceration to 1 mm pieces, (b) aerobic hyperthermophilic (70o) hydrolysis of the homogenized combination of wood and manure accompanying the aid of thermophilic fungi (Humicola insolens and Sporotrichum thermophile), and (c) the anaerobic thermophilic (55oC) co-digestion of the feedstock into biogas. The definitive “2” steps consist of (d) the improve of the generated biogas into “basic” bio-methane fuel by way of a three-stage commercial sheath separation plan along with the sequestration of the colorless odorless gas, and (e) the conversion of the isolated carbon dioxide into “subordinate” bio-methane fuel accompanying hydrogen produced by wind-stimulate water electrolysis in a thermophilic (55oC) anaerobic trickle bed catalyst employing hydrogenotrophic archaea (Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus). An optimally patterned, modular, industrial type plant treats occurring 12,000 mt (metric tons) of forest wastes (80% TS) and 12,000 mt of suitable animal manures (10% TS) and create 7.6 million Nm3 of primary and subordinate bio-poison gas fuel along with biography-fertilizers amounting to 2,800 mt of green liquid as ammonium nitrate, 1,000 mt of potassium concentrate and 3,500 mt of phosphate-rich humic soil amendment, has a negative 10,000 mt colorless odorless gas footprint and demands 25 MW of wind power.  The caused renewable natural gas maybe employed essentially or along with green hydrogen as an state-of-the-art, renewable, negative carbon conveyance fuel. The available appropriate waste-wood possessions globally are adequate to supply as much as 1/5 of the world’s energy basic needs in the 2nd half of the 21st century.

Author(s) Details:

John G. Ingersoll,
ECOCORP INC., Arlington, VA-22202, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V4/article/view/10127

Role of Metabolic Engineering in the Synthesis of Plant Secondary Metabolites | Chapter 6 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

Metabolic engineering has recently emerged as a promising approach for improving secondary metabolite production. Metabolites are the intermediate products of metabolism, and metabolism is a collection of life-sustaining chemical processes within organisms' cells. Bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes are bacteria that have been shown to limit practically all of the earth's ecological treasures. Their ability to create secondary metabolites is what distinguishes them. The pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and food sectors are all interested in secondary metabolites since they have a wide spectrum of biological functions. In the industrial, agricultural, pharmaceutical, and allied industries, biotechnology has opened up new opportunities for utilising prospective, efficient, and beneficial microbiomes that produce secondary metabolites. The chapter focuses on various approaches and metabolic engineering to boost secondary metabolite yield and scale-up production of the secondary metabolite of choice. The study's main goals are to differentiate between distinct plant secondary metabolites, their origins, functions, and biotechnological uses, as well as microbial secondary metabolites.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Korrapati Narasimhulu
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal-506004, Telangana, India

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V5/article/view/6567

In-vitro Effect of Some Plant Extracts and Synthetic Fungicide in the Control of Cocoyam Leaf Necrotic Fungi in Nigeria | Chapter 5 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

The goal of this study was to see how various plant extracts and synthetic fungicides worked in vitro to reduce cocoyam leaf necrotic fungus in Nigeria. Farmers' fields in two communities in Anambra State's Ekwulobia local government area yielded cocoyam leaves of two tropical crops: taro (old cocoyam, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) and blue or purple taro (new cocoyam tanier, Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott). Among the communities were Ula and Okpo. Cocoyam leaves and petioles with microscopic dark-brown or black lesions were used to isolate the causal pathogen. The fungus discovered on the damaged cocoyam leaves was identified as Aspergillus niger. Wounds created by harvesting instruments and bugs may have allowed this bacteria to enter these cocoyam leaves. The antifungal effects of ethanol, methanol, and petroleum ether extracts of lemon grass leaves and stalks (Cymbopogon citratus) and fruits of pepper fruit (Dennettia tripetala) on Aspergillus niger growth were investigated in vitro at concentrations of 1, 1.5, and 2 g/ml, with the synthetic fungicide (Apron plus) serving as a control. The data was analysed using the ANOVA method. In a completely randomised design with three replications, split – split – plots were used, and means were separated using least significant difference (LSD) at a 5% probability level. The findings of this study revealed that phytochemical antifungal activity increases with increasing concentration, with 2.0 g/ml having the highest percentage growth inhibition value on day 1, and this pattern continued throughout the culture. All plant extracts and Apron plus were found to be effective in suppressing the fungus. Apron plus had the highest level of inhibition (75%) followed by lemon grass (49.04%) and pepper fruit had the lowest level of inhibition (25%). (39.48 percent ). The study also discovered that the higher the concentration, the stronger the inhibition, with synthetic fungicides having the maximum inhibition (72.58 percent) at 2g/ml. The extract of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) exhibited a higher % inhibition value during the culture days, although Soxhlet extraction using Pet ether as the extracting solvent had the highest level of inhibition (53.03 percent ). As a result, the plant extracts employed in this study could be recommended as a substitute for synthetic fungicides. More research into the active ingredients of these plant extracts should be conducted in order to facilitate commercial production and availability to farmers, as these extracts are expected to be biodegradable and may reduce the rate of application of synthetic fungicides, which are harmful to human health and persist in the environment.

Author (s) Details

Dr. C. C. Iwuagwu
Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria


A. C. Nwogbaga
Department of Crop Production and Landscape Management, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.


F. C. Onejeme
Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.


U. F. Nduka
Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.


D. E. Iheaturu
Department of Crop Science and Horticulture, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V5/article/view/6566

Cadmium-Resistant Fungi from Cocoa Crops: Isolation, Morphological Identification and Tolerance Assessment | Chapter 4 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 5

 The goal of this work is to extract and assess cadmium-tolerant native fungi from cocoa soils in order to use them in cadmium bioremediation in cocoa farms. The soil samples were taken in Peru's cocoa growing regions of Junn, Pucallpa, and Mazamari. The fungi were isolated from the colony and identified by their appearance on potato dextrose agar (PDA). All of the detected strains were grown on PDA agar with 87.64 ppm of cadmium to exclude out non-resistant or poorly resistant bacteria. The macroscopic and microscopic features of positive strains were used to identify them. To test cadmium tolerance, the diameter of the colony formed on PDA with 87.64, 175.29, and 350.59 ppm of cadmium was measured. A total of 100 fungal strains were identified, with 24 tolerant to 87.64 parts per million, 21 to 175.29 parts per million, and 16 to 350.59 parts per million. J2E2 (Acremonium sp.), MP4H1 (Curvularia sp.), HK6 (Not Described, ND), and JH3 (Fusarium sp.) were the fungus with the highest tolerance. HK6 (ND), H2 (Penicillium sp. ), AP3H4 (ND), and J2E2 were the strains with the best tolerance indices (Acremonium sp.). According to the findings, native fungi isolated from cocoa soils are tolerant of high cadmium concentrations, implying that they could be used as bioremediators in cocoa farms or other biotechnological processes.

Author(S) Details

Mario Alcarraz Curi
Laboratory of Industrial Bioprocesses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

Ana Maria Evangelio Gutierrez
Laboratory of Industrial Bioprocesses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

Mc. Kennet Yamel Enriquez Montesinos
Laboratory of Industrial Bioprocesses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

Jean Paul Julian Ibarra
Laboratory of Industrial Bioprocesses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

Deysi Damina Rendon Godoy
Laboratory of Industrial Bioprocesses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

Andres Stefano Sanchez Manrique
Laboratory of Industrial Bioprocesses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

Joselin Wendy Palomo Atanacio
Laboratory of Industrial Bioprocesses, Faculty of Biological Sciences, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V5/article/view/4598

Molecular Analysis of Rhizopus Fungal Species on Deteriorating Historical Sandstone Monuments: An Advanced Approach | Chapter 04 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 4

 Sandstone monuments may sustain a wide range of microorganisms that are involved in the biodeterioration process. Sandstone monuments are made up of Bryophyte and fungal consortia. Fungi are thought to be the most effective category of microorganisms in generating sandstone monument biodeterioration. When fungal units grow outside in the absence of food and water, they can initiate fungal colonisation and biodeterioration processes. When microbes are found on cultural heritage artefacts, it is not always assumed that they are changing the sandstone's physical qualities or chemical composition. Our research project objectives are to use molecular approaches such as RFLP and RAPD to isolate and recognise fungi. Eleven fungus species with dominance over the sandstone structures of the various monuments were isolated. It was discovered during the examination that Aspergillus species outnumber Rhizopus species. Microfungi produce discoloration and mechanical exfoliation of various monuments, which were investigated utilising molecular techniques for the creation of dark pigments, Hyphae penetration, and organic acid. As a result, the present state of knowledge regarding Rhizopus is summarised in this review.

Author(S) Details

Swati Shakya
Department of Biotechnology, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Science, Sehore (M.P.), India.

Neelam Tripathi
Department of Biotechnology, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Science, Sehore (M.P.), India.

Seema Bhadauria
Department of Biotechnology, Sri Satya Sai University of Technology and Medical Science, Sehore (M.P.), India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V4/article/view/4296

Determination of Antifungal and Anti-Aflatoxigenic Activity of the Essential Oil of Lippia lasiocalycina Cham (Verbenacea) | Chapter 3 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 2

 Food contamination by aflatoxin-producing fungus species results in significant financial losses and has a direct impact on consumer health. The hunt for more natural preservation methods has piqued interest in the antifungal properties of essential oils. The goal of this study was to see if Lippia lasiocalycina essential oil might reduce fungal growth and aflatoxin B1 generation in Aspergillus flavus strains. A strain of Aspergillus flavus was used to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration of L. lasiocalycina essential oil. Direct contact and the action of volatile chemicals were used to investigate the potential for inhibiting fungal growth and aflatoxin B1 generation. HPLC was used to determine the amount of aflatoxin produced. By direct contact, L. lasiocalycina essential oil prevented 94 percent of Aspergillus flavus growth, and the volatile components enhanced aflatoxin B1 synthesis. The essential oil of Lippia lasiocalycina has been shown to be useful in the manufacture of aflatoxin B1, which is sold as a standard for scientific research.

Author(s) Details

Wanessa Sales de Almeida
Department of Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI, Brazil.

Sidney Gonçalo de Lima
Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI, Brazil.

Marcelo Costa dos Santos
Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI, Brazil.

Cândido Athayde Sobrinho
Embrapa Mid-North, Teresina – PI, Brazil.

Rafael Gomes Abreu Bacelar
Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI, Brazil.

Maria Christina Sanches Muratori
Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Ministro Petrônio Portela, Teresina, PI, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V2/article/view/3951

Studies on D10 Values (γ- Irradiation) of Five Postharvest Fungal Pathogens and their Effect on the Biochemical Properties of Fresh capsicum Fruits | Chapter 7 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 2

 Fungi are increasingly being blamed for spoiling commercially valuable fruits and vegetables. Five postharvest fungi of pepper fruits were studied for their population responses to gamma irradiation: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Colletotrichum capsici, C. trumcatum, and Fusarium solani. At a dosage rate of 1.08KGy/hour, these fungi were irradiated at doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8KGy. The D10 values of the organisms were calculated using the Stumbo equation. The fungus were inoculated on pepper fruits for 8 days, and biochemical/physiochemical parameters (pH, total ascorbic acid, total titratable acidity, and soluble solids) as well as physiological weight loss were measured. The study used a completely randomised block design. For D10 values and biochemical parameters, GenStat 12th edition was utilised with one- and two-way Anova. The D10 values ranged from 0.714 to 0.995 KGy, with Fusarium solani being the most radio resistant and Colletotrichum species being more vulnerable to gamma irradiation's deadly effect. In general, biochemical values of fungi-inoculated pepper fruits were higher than those of control samples. Because these fungi are either harmful or saprophytic to pepper fruits, gamma irradiation decontaminated fresh pepper fruits of their bioburden, increasing their postharvest life. The physiochemical properties of pepper fruits are also affected by fungi's degrading activities.

Author (S) Details

G. K. Frimpong
Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute – GAEC, Ghana.

A. A. Adekunle
Department of Botany, University of Lagos, Nigeria.

T. O. Ogundipe
Department of Botany, University of Lagos, Nigeria.

A. A. Okyere
Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute – GAEC, Ghana.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V2/article/view/3713

Antimicrobial Resistance- Combining the Sciences of Microbiology and Public Health: A Theoretical Approach | Chapter 1 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 7

 When bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi are subjected to selective pressure, antimicrobial resistance emerges as a result. Bacterial resistance, on the other hand, is causing increased concern due to its rapid development, the abundance of germs, the prevalence of bacterial infections, disinfectant usage, environmental contaminants, and antibacterial drug addiction. There is a global appeal and a new initiative for a multi-pronged strategy to the problem of antibiotic resistance, one that must undoubtedly mix the microbiology and public health sciences. Small drug companies, research hospitals, and universities are currently responsible for 80 percent of new antibiotic research and development. The condition for cross-discipline breakthroughs would be met by biological surveillance and the implementation of quick diagnostic testing where possible, especially in remote areas. Because antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide issue with such a broad scope, everyone should be involved.

Author (S) Details

S. M. Kadri
Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands and Directorate of Health Services, Kashmir, India.

Melissa Trapp-Petty
Walden University, 100 S Washington Ave #900, Minneapolis, MN 55401, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMB-V7/article/view/2571

Promising Antimicrobial Activities of Malpighiaceae Family and Its Outcome for Oral Cavity Infectious Diseases | Chapter 10 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 1

 Current medical therapies for oral infectious diseases are limited by the specificity and tolerance of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses, necessitating the production of novel substances. Plants have long been a source of active chemical agents; however, in the case of Malpighiaceae, a flowering plant family with secondary metabolites that have shown a range of pharmacological effects with promising results, further research is still needed. Because of the importance of oral infections to global human health and their effect on the complications of patients with some chronic conditions, the purpose of this contribution is to provide an overview of the extracts and active constituents isolated from Malpighiaceae species, with a focus on their antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities in recent years. Similarly, we study the possible production of dosage forms for Malpighiaceae-derived potential products.

Author (s) Details

Maira Huerta-Reyes
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del SeguroSocial, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas
Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Microbiología Oral, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico.

Getsemaní Sinaí Villanueva-Amador
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del SeguroSocial, Ciudad de México, Mexico and Laboratorio de Patología Clínica y Experimental, División de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

Luis Alberto Gaitán-Cepeda
Laboratorio de Patología Clínica y Experimental, División de Estudios de Postgrado e Investigación de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V1/issue/view/38