Cell Cycle Regulators in Cancer: A Review | Chapter 11 | Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

A recent in-depth view of cell cycle regulation and cancer has provided novel samples of research at the “Frontiers of Science.” However, the number of foremost revealing information about both topics has been derived from the intersection of these two fields. Genomic integrity is required to maintain long life and prevent diseases associated with genomic instability such as “cancer.” The cell cycle is a compilation of well-organized, sequential molecular events, that lead to succession of DNA replication and segregation of replicated chromosomes. Checkpoint is an important control point present in the cell cycle where stop and start signals can regulate the cell cycle. Cell cycle checkpoints are the strict regulatory mechanisms that monitor the order, integrity, and fidelity of the main events of the cell cycle. These include growth up to the acceptable cell size, replication, and integrity of the chromosomes, and their accurate segregation in due course of mitosis. Many of these mechanisms are highly conserved, while other studies on higher organisms have shown to control alternative cell fates with a significant impact on tumor suppression. Here, these different checkpoint pathways in a cell cycle and the consequences of their dysfunction on the fate of a cell has been taken into consideration. Undoubtedly, the hidden aspects of checkpoint signaling can be further explored with the help of an ever-growing arsenal of highly sophisticated experimental tools and techniques, which will enable us to get a more clear and complete picture of the remarkable fidelity of the cell cycle.

 

Author (s) Details

Swarup K Panda
Department of Biochemistry, IMS & SUM Hospital III, Sitalapalli, Ganjam, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

 

Subhashree Ray
Department of Biochemistry, IMS & SUM Hospital, K8, Kalinga Nagar, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

 

Sarthak R Nayak
Department of Biochemistry, IMS and SUM Hospital II, Phulnakhara, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

 

Sudeshna Behera
Department of Biochemistry, IMS & SUM Hospital, K8, Kalinga Nagar, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

 

Sangeeta S Bhanja
Department of Biochemistry, IMS & SUM Hospital, K8, Kalinga Nagar, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

 

Viyatprajna Acharya
Department of Biochemistry, KIMS, KIIT (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/acmms/v4/3165 

Exploring Genetic Variations: Polyploid Mutants in Grape Cultivation | Chapter 3 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 8

In order to produce experimental polyploid forms, almost all the methods used are based on the influence of mutagenic agents on actively dividing somatic cells in the selection of grapes. As a result, the obtained genomic mutations are mitotic autotetraploids according to genetic properties. Under the influence of natural mutagenic factors, spontaneous mitotic polyploids usually occur in grapes as a result of the non-disjunction of chromosomes in anaphase.  These days, the selection of grapes to obtain new initial polyploidy material with various inductions of mitotic genomic mutations with the help of colchicine and other mutagens. The duration and complexity of the selection process called for a new method that would increase efficiency and accelerate the selection of polyploid forms of grapes. The study describes the impact of various concentrations of colchicine aqueous solution during inflorescence at the meiosis stage of 3 grape cultivars. A new method for preparing a genomic mutation in the meiotic stage of gametogenesis in the grapes under the influence of colchicine was developed and it is described briefly. The study revealed that mutational efficiency constitutes 2.2-28.0%. This new technique allows for the induction of genomic mutations at the meiosis stage in grapes. The cyto-anatomical and histological analysis of polyploid mutant forms of grapes revealed cytogenetic and histological mutational variation. Genetic analysis of variability is given.

 

Author (s) Details

V.M. Guliyev
Nakhchivan Bioresources Institute of the Ministry of Science and Education, Republic of Azerbaijan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v8/3494

Cytotoxicity of Culture Filtrates of Aspergillus niger L. Derived from the Deproteinized Juice of Cabbage on Allium sativum L. Root Cells | Chapter 5 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 4

DPJ is the byproduct of green crop fractionation and it was found appropriate for plant and fungi growth. It was found that DPJ from Lucerne cause abnormalities in onion root tips. In order to confirm the Aspergillus niger culture filtrate influence on meristematic root growth, mitosis of garlic was attempted. It was grown on the natural leafy extract at Botany Laboratory of Ruparel College, Mumbai. The protein was isolated from the juice, called as Deproteinized Juice (DPJ) as the medium, compared with Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) as control medium. Growth of the fungi was supressed by all concentrations of DPJ. Grown fungal biomass culture filtrates of DPJ at various concentrations consumed to study its influence on cytology of Allium. The various concentrations resulted to root growth.The increased concentration of DPJ became responsible to cause the chromosomal abberations like clumping, stickiness, micronuclei etc especially in the stages of prophases. It concludes that culture filtrates of fungi grown on DPJ has the efficacy in changing the chromosomes by retarding the further cell division to metaphase. It indicates that the Aspergillus niger influenced as the antibiotic for Allium survival.

Author(s) Details:

Rajesh K. Jadhav,
Department of Botany, D. G. Ruparel College (Affiliated with University of Mumbai), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Saket Patel,
Department of Botany, D. G. Ruparel College (Affiliated with University of Mumbai), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V4/article/view/13321