Microbial Biodegradation and Bioremediation of Heavy Oil | Book Publisher International

 Heavy oil, characterised by its complex hydrocarbon composition and inherent resistance to biodegradation, represents a persistent environmental contaminant. Despite extensive industrial usage, the understanding of its biodegradability under varying environmental conditions remains limited. This study systematically investigates the biodegradation potential of heavy oil by indigenous microbial consortia derived from soil and water samples, under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Using gas chromatography to quantify residual hydrocarbons, it was demonstrated that aerobic soil-derived microbial communities achieve superior degradation efficiencies, with removal rates reaching up to 80.3%, significantly outperforming water-derived consortia, which attained a maximum of 52.1%. In contrast, anaerobic conditions markedly inhibit biodegradation, with maximum removal efficiencies of 43.7% and 11.1% for water- and soil-derived microbes, respectively. Correlative analyses reveal a positive association between initial microbial biomass—particularly heterotrophic and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria—and degradation performance. The persistence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under anaerobic conditions underscores the recalcitrance of certain heavy oil fractions. These findings elucidate the pivotal roles of microbial community composition and oxygen availability in governing biodegradation dynamics, providing critical insights for optimising bioremediation strategies. Nonetheless, technological challenges persist, including incomplete mineralisation of heavy oil residues and suboptimal oxygen transfer in heterogeneous, large-scale sites. Addressing these issues will require the refinement of microbial consortia, the advancement of innovative biostimulation techniques, and the integration of complementary remediation technologies. Such developments hold substantial promise for delivering sustainable, cost-effective solutions to mitigate heavy oil pollution across diverse industrial and natural environments.

Author(s) Details

YOUNG-CHEOL CHANG
Muroran Institute of Technology, Japan.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-81-992493-6-3

Ecological and Biomedical Significance of Soil and Aquatic Microbes in River Deltas| Chapter 3 |Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 

The world's deltas are home to a vast array of distinct soil and aquatic microbes, most of which take the form of bacteria, fungi, parasites, archaeans, actinomycetes, viruses, etc. They support the ecosystem in many ways, helping to preserve the equilibrium of the natural elements, the biogeological components, and the ecological components. In addition to offering plants environmental and natural defense against pests and diseases, soil microbes also help plants thrive. They play a critical role in converting nutrients and nitrogen into forms that plants can eat. The various functions that aquatic and soil bacteria play are decomposition, oxygen production, evolution, and symbiosis. Certain River Deltas have the highest concentrations of the saline soil-dependent bacterial and fungal community, whereas other River Deltas are enhanced with certain microbes that aid in soil remediation. In certain instances, variations in the C, N, and P ratios are caused by specific kinds of bacteria that break down hydrocarbons. Given that bacteria also produce various allergens and antigens, which are the primary causes of a variety of infectious diseases, some bacteria are used in research studies to produce anti-allergens and medicinal drugs.

 

Author(s) Details

Rajrupa Ghosh
Department of Allied and Health Science, Institute of Management Study, Affiliated to MAKAUT, E.M Bypass, 93 Mukundapur Main Road, West Bengal, Kolkata-700099, India.

Rituparna Acharya
Netaji Subhas Open University, DD-26, Sector-I, Salt Lake City, West Bengal, Kolkata-700064, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v5/1412

The Old Meets the New: Efficacy and Mechanisms of Biophotonic Therapies in Viral and Microbial Illness | Chapter 10 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 4

The present Brief Communication is established retrospective analysis and review of patient effects using biophotonics and bioelecrromagnetic healings as a primary treatment menu for patients accompanying confirmed HIV, antimicrobial resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and additional infectious disease. A member of the Coronaviridiae family, the currently discovered coronavirus SARS-COV-2 is well known to cause respiring, gastrointestinal, and other ailments in both humans and mammals. It has been connected to the COVID-19 illness.1,2 The coronavirus strain that causes Covid-19 is also innately related to few zoonotic viruses isolated from pangolin, bats, and camels that have earlier caused respiratory disease in humans, in spite of the SARS-COV-2 viral strain's precise inception or source has not still been determined.  Thus, in theory the human infections likely manage have occurred from an intermediate animal host by way of incidental interspecies broadcast or other unconfirmed epidemiological inceptions as is believed to have happen with the MERS strain. Prior to January 2020, the coronavirus Sars 2-Cov-19 universal first appeared in Wuhan, China, and then swiftly spread throughout the globe from spring to fall of that same year.2 Millions of nation were affected general by the newly labeled virus by year's end, and the contamination has persisted through the day. During this time, various infectious COVID-19 mutations have progressed, some of which have a bigger potential for infection than the original bacterium. There have been ongoing outbreaks of the circulating quickly mutants, which frequently perform to bypass former variants and immunities developed through vaccinations.  These situation modalities have happened utilized successfully for many age both for the situation of infectious illnesses and for the washing of PPE and other patient-connected requests, prior to the incident of antimicrobial and antiviral pharmaceutic agents as the current standard of care similarly present-day remedies for infectious diseases.  Several earlier undefined healing benefits of sunlight exposure have happened practiced in many educations for thousands of years, long before the finding of the photon and introduction of countless recently discovered microscopic biological approaches in the treatment of human ailment and disease, and accompanying the contributions of modern healing approaches are likely to persist well into the next millennia.

Author(s) Details:

George P. Einstein,
University of Science Arts & Technology, Montserrat and Einstein Medical Institute, USA.

Avtandil Anaushvili,
Einstein Medical Institute, USA and Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russian Federation.

Orien L. Tulp,
University of Science Arts & Technology, Montserrat and Einstein Medical Institute, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V4/article/view/10136

Prorifling of Elusive Organic Alalgam from Post-mortem Microbes: A Review Study| Chapter 1 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 3

 Atomization of comfortable cadaver decomposition frequently results in evolution of a variety of chemical compounds which are planned responsible for formed scent by decomposed body; called as Volatile organic compounds. VOCs are customarily blended with breakdown and cater potential to study the profile of synthetic compounds which are produced from various microbes. Researchers have captured many initiatives to study about VOCs from mainly 3 after death microbes of pig cadaver. The species were immunized using standard nutrient agar in head room vials. This study was initiated to catch VOC profiling form post-mortem bacteria and to impel occasion since death. By this time, no study has happened initiated on human being, thus, we tried to study the VOC produced by informer and pig skeleton from post-mortem microbes by utilizing GC-MS using SPME arrow system. It was observed that each microbial species produces various profile and result of VOC’s increase along with the time break and can be used for perseverance of death from human remnant’s bacteria.

Author(s) Details:

Amit Chauhan,
Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Bangalore, Karnataka-560029, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V3/article/view/9192

Evaluation of Turmeric Extracts’ Bioactivity as Influenced by Potash Alum Treatment on Different Microbial Species | Chapter 13 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

 Using disc diffusion (DD) and agar well diffusion (AWD) methods, the combination of treatment of crude turmeric rhizome extracts with potash alum against four ( 4) bacterial and five (5) fungal species was investigated. Extracts with or without potash alum (PTA / Alum) were dose-dependently sensitive against all test microbes by inhibiting their growth. The largest inhibition zone (DIZ) diameter was obtained with ethanolic turmeric extract (ETE) and potash alum (ETE+PTA) at a concentration of 0.3 g on Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli (16.6±0.8 mm) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (15.3±1.1 mm) and Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (15.0±0.0 mm), whereas potash alum with the greatest inhibition activity was obtained with strong antifungal activity. (17±1.0 mm) flavus, S. (14 mm) and C. cerevisiae. Albicans (12±1.0 mm , respectively) by DD. The best inhibition was shown by AWD bioassay, with PTA Against Bacillus cereus activity (17.8±1.0 mm), S. Aureus (16.0 ± 0.7 mm) and, on P. fluorescens and E., 14.0 mm. Whereas coli, ETE+PTA showed the highest antifungal activity on A. Terreus (35±1.0 mm), Crystallium of Penicillium and A. 33.0 mm (flavus) and S. Cerevisiae, respectively (24.0 mm). Additionally, the apparent demonstration of antibacterial activity by extracts of turmeric rhizome and potash alum on both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as against fungi is indicative of wide spectrum activity. However, on the other hand, the high activity of Ofloxacin (OFL) and Ketoconazole (KTA) against test microbes underlines their dominance with or without PTA / alum extracts. However, the increase in bioactivity of turmeric rhizome extracts was accentuated by the incorporation of potash alum, and such novel combinational approaches to research with healthy, natural materials will provide animals and human pathologies with reliable alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial chemotherapy.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Lawrence O. Amadi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, P.M.B. 5080, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria and Department of Microbiology, School of Applied Science, Ken Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, P.M.B. 20, Bori, Rivers State, Nigeria.

Joy S. Ekechi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, P.M.B. 5080, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Seth M. Akporutu
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, P.M.B. 5080, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/278