Potential Candidates against Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus through the Inhibition of Penicillin-binding Proteins | Chapter 9 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 

The increase of multidrug-resistant bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an alarming problem for global health in recent years and in the near future. To solve this problem, finding new antibiotics is one of the top priorities. In the structure of MRSA bacteria, penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) play a role in the integrity of the bacterial cell wall and prevent the entry of harmful molecules into the bacteria. Hence, PBPs are the key factors in the mechanism of antibiotic resistance activity of MRSA. Developing therapies for MRSA-associated infections through compounds that directly act on PBPs is a recent promising approach. To achieve this goal, researchers are going to combine in silico, in vitro, and in vivo experiments to screen and elucidate the mechanism by which natural compounds from herbal plants or compounds in compound libraries such as alkaloids and flavonoids, promising antibiotics agents to inhibit MRSA, target PBPs. This review will introduce the structure properties and pathogen characteristics of SA and MRSA and some promising candidates from herbal medicine and commercial compounds with potential antimicrobial properties against SA and MRSA through interaction with housekeeping genes of PBPs. The information from this study will provide important scientific evidence in the evolution of S. aureus to become MRSA and the potential inhibitors against MRSA, which are innovative approaches to combat antibiotic-resistant Staphylococci in the future.

 

Author(s) Details

Tan Khanh Nguyen
Department of Scientific Management, Dong A University, Danang City- 550000, Vietnam.

Van Ngo Thai Bich
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, Danang City -550000, Vietnam.

Linh Thuy Thi Tran
Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City-530000, Vietnam.

Sa Vo Duong Nguyen
Danang Dermato-Venereology Hospital, Danang City -550000, Vietnam.

Manh Hung Tran
School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang City -550000, Vietnam.

Phu Tran Vinh Pham
VN-UK Institute for Research and Executive Education, The University of Danang, Danang-City 550000, Vietnam.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v5/1353

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites: A Natural Blueprint Towards Therapeutic Approach | Chapter 4 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 6

Secondary metabolites are a varied array of organic molecules synthesised by plants, microbes, and some animals that, while not directly associated with growth or reproduction, are essential for ecological interactions and defensive strategies. Compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and terpenoids have attracted considerable interest owing to their broad uses in the medicinal, agricultural, cosmetic, and food sectors. Alkaloids are recognised for their strong pharmacological effects, flavonoids for their antioxidant capabilities, steroids for hormonal modulation, saponins for their antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions, and terpenoids for their extensive therapeutic potentials. Advancements in biotechnology, green chemistry, and artificial intelligence are transforming the discovery, extraction, and use of these natural compounds. Moreover, increasing environmental consciousness is propelling the transition to sustainable sourcing and manufacturing techniques. This chapter offers a comprehensive examination of the significance of secondary metabolites, addresses their many uses, and investigates future opportunities for their use in developing more sustainable and health-oriented solutions across several industries.

 

Author (s) Details

Amanpreet Kaur
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Shubhangee Agarwal
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Priyanka Rani
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Pawan Kumar Shukla
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Neha Bhatt
Department of Chemistry, Pt. L.M.S., Rishikesh Campus, SDS University, Tehri Garhwal- 249145, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v6/5493

The Role and Biochemical Significance of Plant Secondary Metabolites | Chapter 5 | Natural Products Chemistry: From Discovery to Applications, Edition 1

Natural products can be reproduced in labs by chemical processes, since they adeptly replicate the complex bioactive molecules found in nature. This encompasses a synthesis of several repeats of one-pot synthetic methods to produce natural products or analogous structures, together with subsequent biological assays of the structure and the increasing pharmacological activity of the drug. Chemical synthesis is crucial for addressing the constraints posed by the limited availability of natural resources and their sustainable harvesting, in comparison to natural production. It also facilitates the creation of structural analogues that have enhanced biological activity or pharmacokinetic properties. This presentation highlights the significance of the chemical synthesis process in drug discovery, including medicinal chemistry and the development of novel therapeutics.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Shubhangee Agarwal
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Priyanka Rani
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48388-70-4/CH5 

Investigations into the Phytochemical Composition of Mucuna pruriens (L.) Seeds | Chapter 8 | Recent Trends in the Study of Botanical Research Volume - 1

 This chapter focuses on identifying the phytochemical components and assessing the acute oral toxicity of the methanolic extract obtained from Mucuna pruriens seeds. The process involved collecting mature seeds, drying them at room temperature, crushing them into coarse powder, and using Soxhlet's extraction technique with methanol. The resulting extract was then concentrated using a rotary flash evaporator, resulting in a semi-solid crude extract with a yield of 09.534%. The phytochemical analysis of the seed extract detected the presence of various compounds, including steroids, alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates, amino acids, resins, and starch.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammad Salim,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

I. P. Prajapati,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Mayuri Singh,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTSBR-V1/article/view/12455

Investigations Pertaining to the Field of Pharmacognosy Concerning Coleus rotundifolius L. | Chapter 4 | Recent Trends in the Study of Botanical Research Volume - 1

 Coleus rotundifolius L., a member of the Lamiaceae family, is recognized by its vernacular name "Patharchur" in Hindi. It presents as a sizable succulent perennial herb, characterized by its aromatic qualities. The plant's leaves have historically found application in diverse medicinal contexts such as malarial fever, hepatopathy, renal and vesicle calculi, cough, chronic asthma, bronchitis, hiccough, anthelmintic purposes, colic pain, and convulsions. The present paper undertakes a comprehensive investigation of the pharmacognostic attributes pertaining to the leaves, stems, and roots of C. rotundifolius, encompassing an array of distinct parameters.

Author(s) Details:

Pratima Patel,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Mohammad Salim,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Jay Singh Patel,
S.G.S. Govt. Autonomous P.G. College, Sidhi (M.P.), A.P.S. University, Rewa, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTSBR-V1/article/view/12451

Role of Metabolic Engineering in the Synthesis of Plant Secondary Metabolites | Chapter 6 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

Metabolic engineering has recently emerged as a promising approach for improving secondary metabolite production. Metabolites are the intermediate products of metabolism, and metabolism is a collection of life-sustaining chemical processes within organisms' cells. Bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes are bacteria that have been shown to limit practically all of the earth's ecological treasures. Their ability to create secondary metabolites is what distinguishes them. The pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and food sectors are all interested in secondary metabolites since they have a wide spectrum of biological functions. In the industrial, agricultural, pharmaceutical, and allied industries, biotechnology has opened up new opportunities for utilising prospective, efficient, and beneficial microbiomes that produce secondary metabolites. The chapter focuses on various approaches and metabolic engineering to boost secondary metabolite yield and scale-up production of the secondary metabolite of choice. The study's main goals are to differentiate between distinct plant secondary metabolites, their origins, functions, and biotechnological uses, as well as microbial secondary metabolites.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Korrapati Narasimhulu
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal-506004, Telangana, India

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V5/article/view/6567

Medicinal Plant-derived Compounds as Potential Phytotherapy for COVID-19 Disease: A Review | Chapter 11 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 7

 Currently, humans are infected with SARS-CoV-2, a highly contagious virus with great transmission ability, infection, and a high fatality rate, particularly among the elderly. Fever, sore throat, pneumonia, cough, headache, diarrhoea, muscle discomfort, shortness of breath, renal failure, and even death are common signs of the condition. All research efforts are focused on developing a medication or vaccine that will save the lives of millions of people; some have been successful and are currently being used in some nations. Medicinal plants are a green treasure trove of abundant primary and secondary metabolites with powerful biological activity. Secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, have a long history of antiviral activity. Inhibition of viral attachment to/penetration of the host cell; inhibition of virus replication; suppressing RNA replication; down regulation of viral proteins translation; interfering with virus non-structural/structural protein; down regulation of virus-induced pro-inflammatory/inflammatory signalling pathways in the host cell; and antioxidant activity, all of which reduce the virus-induced oxidative stress effect. There are currently attempts to use the power of nature while we are enslaved by a virulent virus. As a result, the primary goal of this review is to discuss various medicinal plants or their derivatives that can reduce the virus's virulence or ameliorate its symptoms.

Author(S) Details

Salama M. El-Darier
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21500, Alexandria, Egypt.

Suzan A. Rashed
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21500, Alexandria, Egypt and Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab city, Alexandria, Egypt.

Ayat Fayez
Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab city, Alexandria, Egypt.

Sarah S. Hassanein
Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab city, Alexandria, Egypt and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.

Muhammed R. Sharaby
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21500, Alexandria, Egypt and Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab city, Alexandria, Egypt.

Noran M. Tawfik
Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab city, Alexandria, Egypt and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt.

Heba Mansour
Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab city, Alexandria, Egypt and Polymeric Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt.

Mohamed Adel
Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab city, Alexandria, Egypt and Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, 11790, Egypt.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V7/article/view/5420

Determination of Phytochemical Extraction and Analysis of Medicinally Important Plant Cissus qudrangularis L. (Hadjod) | Chapter 8 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 12

 The current study focuses on extracting and evaluating the many phytochemicals found in the plant Cissus qudrangularis. The indigenous medicinal plant of India, Cissus qudrangularis L. (Hadjod), belongs to the Vitaceae family. Bhava Prakash and Chakra Dutta prescribed it as a general tonic, especially for fractured patients, in ancient Ayurvedic writings. The stem of Cissus quadrangular L. is also used in Ayurveda as an alterative, anthelmintic, dyspeptic, digestive, tonic, and analgesic in the treatment of eye and ear ailments, irregular menstruation, asthma, and back and spinal issues. Plant extracts also have a cardiac tonic effect. Various tests revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, and glycosides in the current study. Tannins are phenolic chemicals that are found in plants. Amino acids and protein Mucilage and gum Flavones and flavonoids are two types of flavonoids. Saponins Steroids and sterols can be found in a variety of extracts, including petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract, ethyl acetate extract, and n-butanol. In the Ethyl acetate fraction, preliminary qualitative chemical testing revealed positive findings for phytosterol, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. Carbohydrate, tannin, amino acid, and vitamin C were all positive in the hydro alcoholic fraction. The active ingredients in the stem of Cissus quadrangularis L. are flavonoids and triterpenoids, which may be responsible for its pharmacological actions. The study's findings may be beneficial in developing diagnostic indices for identifying the plant and preparing a monograph on it.

Author (S) Details

Kalpana Teware
Department of Bio-Science, SAM College, Bhopal, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V12/article/view/2699