Enhancement of Bioactive Compound Production through Plant Transcription Factors | Chapter 6 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 9

 

Medicinal plants produce a wide array of bioactive compounds with significant pharmaceutical value. Plant transcription factors (TFs) play a pivotal role in regulating the biosynthesis of these compounds. The chapter provides an overview of the key TF families, molecular mechanisms of TF mediated regulation, TF-DNA interactions, TF-TF interactions, regulatory networks and recent advances in TF based approaches for enhancing the production of valuable bioactive compounds in medicinal plants. The complex regulatory networks controlling active compound biosynthesis were considered while shedding light on novel strategies for improving the yield and quality of plant-derived products. Recent research in the field of molecular engineering using transcription factors in medicinal plants, with the examples included in the chapter, may encourage the budding molecular biologist to adapt new technologies and tools for the enhanced biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The chapter will provide a synopsis of scientific tools and techniques which can be exploited in the field of tissue culture and secondary metabolite production. Optimisation and enhancement of the pharmacologically relevant bioactive compound production can be achieved through the administration of specific transcriptional regulation factors. The knowledge of the biosynthetic pathway of pharmaceutically significant therapeutics can be applied to the invention of novel bioreactors in the biopharma industry.

 

Author(s) Details

Manju Rakesh
Department of Botany, Haribhai V. Desai College, Pune-411 002, Maharashtra, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v9/6694

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites: A Natural Blueprint Towards Therapeutic Approach | Chapter 4 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 6

Secondary metabolites are a varied array of organic molecules synthesised by plants, microbes, and some animals that, while not directly associated with growth or reproduction, are essential for ecological interactions and defensive strategies. Compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and terpenoids have attracted considerable interest owing to their broad uses in the medicinal, agricultural, cosmetic, and food sectors. Alkaloids are recognised for their strong pharmacological effects, flavonoids for their antioxidant capabilities, steroids for hormonal modulation, saponins for their antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions, and terpenoids for their extensive therapeutic potentials. Advancements in biotechnology, green chemistry, and artificial intelligence are transforming the discovery, extraction, and use of these natural compounds. Moreover, increasing environmental consciousness is propelling the transition to sustainable sourcing and manufacturing techniques. This chapter offers a comprehensive examination of the significance of secondary metabolites, addresses their many uses, and investigates future opportunities for their use in developing more sustainable and health-oriented solutions across several industries.

 

Author (s) Details

Amanpreet Kaur
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Shubhangee Agarwal
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Priyanka Rani
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Pawan Kumar Shukla
Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Neha Bhatt
Department of Chemistry, Pt. L.M.S., Rishikesh Campus, SDS University, Tehri Garhwal- 249145, Uttarakhand, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v6/5493

Regulation of Lipid Peroxidation and Cell Membrane Fluidity Mechanisms Using Stem-Bark Extracts from Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc| Chapter 1 | Pharmaceutical Research: Recent Advances and Trends Vol. 8

Pneumonia, a respiratory infection induces acute or chronic inflammation, characterized by increased activity of lymphocytes and neutrophils, thus generating oxygen-free radicals that decrease the endogenous antioxidants defence system. Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. is used by the population of Cameroon to treat gonorrhoea, infertility, malaria, stomach ache, headache, epilepsy, toothache psychosis and rheumatism. It’s also considered as facilitating childbirth, diuretic, purgative and aphrodisiac. There is limited documented data are available on the preventive or curative effect of G. suaveolens species on oxidative stress and inflammatory damage. The aim of this experimental study focused on the capacity of nontoxic aqueous, hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts of Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. subsp. suaveolens to regulate free reactive species and protein inflammation generated by infectious disease. The phytochemical screenings of G. suaveolens extracts were carried out according to precipitation and colorimetric methods. The total antioxidant and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminium Chloride ethanolic methods. The efficiency of G. suaveolens extracts on free radicals was evaluated using DPPH•, ABTS+•, and FRAP methods. The anti-inflammatory properties of extracts were evaluated according to in vitro protein (BSA) denaturation, Proteinase Inhibitory Action, and Red Blood Cell Membrane stabilization assays. The G. suaveolens aqueous, hydroethanolic and ethanolic extracts were used for the acute toxicity assessment according to the OECD protocol. One-way ANOVA (Tukey’s and Dunnett’s tests) was used for analysis. A difference between standard molecules and G. suaveolens extracts concentrations was considered significant at p < 0.05. The obtained results showed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and sterols as secondary metabolites families in G. suaveolens extracts. The highest contents of total antioxidants and flavonoids were highlighted in the hydroethanolic extract. However, it’s the G. suaveolens aqueous extract that showed the best free radical DPPH• and ABTS+• scavenging activities (SC50) of 11.06 µg/mL and 15.16 µg/mL respectively. The highest ferric-reducing activity was found in G. suaveolens ethanolic extract with 866.23 µg EGA/mg of dry weight. The hydroethanolic extract has shown a high anti-inflammatory activity through BSA denaturation and erythrocyte membrane haemolysis with inhibitory concentrations 50 (IC50) of 48.63 and 59.22 µg/mL respec- tively. In contrast, proteinase inhibitory activity revealed a better potential of IC50 (34.19 µg/mL) for the ethanolic extract. In oral acute toxicity, all treated groups revealed neither mortality nor any significant alteration in behaviour and locomotion. The lethal dose 50 (LD50) of G. suaveolens extracts was >5000 mg/kg. Lower respiratory tract diseases, the main pathophysiological mechanism of which is inflammation is mainly induced by reactive oxygen species. These diseases are caused by microorganisms and the immune system response of the host. In vitro study of G. suaveolens stem-barks extracts revealed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of this plant. These results suggest that G. suaveolens stem-barks extracts may serve as therapeutic sources to prevent inflammation induced by oxidative stress, an important feature of infectious diseases.

 

Author (s) Details

Patrick Hervé Diboue Betote
Laboratory of Pharmacology and Drugs Discovery, Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon and Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Department of Galenical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Law, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical, Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

 

Moustapha Gambo Abdoulaye
Department of Physicochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Abdou Moumouni University, Niamey, Niger.

 

Francis Ngolsou
Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Department of Galenical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Law, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical, Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon and Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.

 

Esther Del Florence Ndedi Moni
Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

 

Gabriel A. Agbor
Laboratory of Pharmacology and Drugs Discovery, Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

 

Nga Nnanga
Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Department of Galenical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Law, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical, Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon and Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

 

Maximilienne Ascension Nyegue
Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/prrat/v8/2278

Production of Shatavarins from in vitro Cultures of Asparagus racemosus Wild. | Chapter 3 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

This study highlights the production of shatavarins from in vitro cultures of Asparagus racemosus. Asparagus racemosus is one of the important medicinal plant found in India, China and other parts of the world. This plant is known to produce the steroidal saponins the shatavarins. The major constraint in conventional multiplication method of A. racemosus through seed propagation is requirement of elaborate pretreatments to break the dormancy and high mortality of seedlings. Callus cultures of Asparagus racemosus were initiated in a modified MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mgl-1 NAA and 2,4-D and 0.5 mgl-1 BAP and compared for growth and production of saponin over a period of 60 days. Saponin production was evaluated at a regular interval of 15 days. Root calli produces more saponin compared to nodal calli and maximum accumulation was found to be 10.38 ± 0.14 mg/g of callus after 60 days of inoculation. Total saponins from the nodal calli were found to be 7.69± 0.136 mg/g of callus. Compared to wild type roots, in vitro cultures showed 20-fold increase in shatavarin levels. HPLC chromatograms of the cultures indicated that the overall saponin profile of in vitro and in vivo plant root extract is similar. Further work needs to done on establishment of suspension cultures, secretion of saponins into liquid media and evaluation of bioactivities to validate the protocol for scale up studies.

Author(s) Details:

Mashitha Pise,
Department of Biochemistry, Hislop College, Temple Road, Civil Lines, Nagpur, Maharashtra – 440001, India.

Avinash Upadhyay,
Department of Biochemistry, Hislop College, Temple Road, Civil Lines, Nagpur, Maharashtra – 440001, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V6/article/view/13413

Plant Secondary Metabolites and Their Therapeutic Properties for Cancer Treatment | Chapter 13 | Socio-Scientific Interaction in Diabetes and Cancer and Its Management

 Plant secondary metabolites have peculiar roles in an organism such as defense, signaling and transport of metals. These secondary metabolites can induce or inhibit various physiological activities and have been used for treatment of multiple diseases including cancer. The bioactive compounds obtained from plant metabolites play an important role in controlling cancer symptoms and treatments, with minimum side effects. Many plant secondary metabolites related to terpenes, phenolics, nitrogenous and sulfur-containing compounds have anticarcinogenic properties and some are commercially available in the market. The objective of this paper is to study various plant secondary metabolites that have ability to kill or inhibit the cancerous cells and their possible mechanisms involved for the inhibition or killing of cancer cells. The plant secondary metabolites act as bioactive molecules to inhibit or suppress various metabolic pathways related to cancer treatment these compounds are biologically friendly and less toxic to the normal cells. The discovery and development of plant metabolite-based drugs provide a futuristic approach to treatment of cancer.

Author(s) Details:

Khirabdhi Tanaya,
Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar-845401, India.

Durgeshwer Singh,
Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar-845401, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/SSIDCIM/article/view/12731

Euphorbia helioscopia: Past, Present and Future Prospects | Chapter 6 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 5

 The Euphorbia is the best genus in the plant offspring Euphorbiaceae, comprising about 300 genera and 2,000 famous species. All class of Euphorbia are characterized by cyathium flower and the production of a white tinted covering that is rich in subordinate metabolites especially terpenoids being the reason for diverse biological projects. Sun spurge (Euphorbia helioscopia L., Euphorbiacae family) is an annual plant, owned by most of northern Africa, Europe, and concerning the direction to the east through most of Asia. It emerges from November to December and invades winter crops and produce, such as grain, lentils, chickpeas, potatoes, and blob. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female tools) and are pollinated by flies. Seedlings of E. helioscopia exhibit epigeal pregnancy. A literature review about this plant granted various types of biological exercises such as antitumor, antiviral, completely clean, nematicidal, antifungal, molluscicidal effects, etc. The attendance of secondary metabolites revealed that the intentional plant Euphorbia helioscopia can be secondhand in the future for verdict various biological potential.

Author(s) Details:

Maneesha Singh,
Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, (248001), India.

Anju Rani,
Keral Verma Faculty of Science, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut (UP), India.

Dhananjay Kumar Gupta,
Department of Botany, DAV (PG) College, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V5/article/view/12245

Determination of Metabolic Responses of Psidium guajava L. Trees Irrigated with Polluted Water| Chapter 1 |Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol.4

 The major purpose of this research was to investigate the main effects of waste water from the El- Wafaeyya drain (polluted site) on some primary and secondary metabolites, nutritional and heavy metal levels, photosynthetic pigments, and seedy fruit quality. Irrigated Psidium guajava trees acquired much higher amounts of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, and Cd than those irrigated with clean water. In contrast, total photosynthetic pigments in P. guajava leaves watered with contaminated water were significantly lower than in the control. Total protein and total carbohydrates were found in higher concentrations in the leaves of the control location. Proline, free amino acids, antioxidants, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and tannins were found in abundance in tree leaves treated with contaminated water. The opposite was true in the case of total alkaloids and saponins. When it comes to fruits, the negative effects were concentrated on the economic output and number of fruits rather than their weight and size. Irrigation with dirty water, on the other hand, resulted in lower levels of water, total proteins, total carbohydrates, and vitamin A and C, but higher levels of dietary fibres. The use of both qualitative and quantitative electrophoretic pattern analysis improves the reliability of the findings in terms of the numerous genotoxic consequences that these drugs can cause. The use of P. guajava fruits harvested from polluted places for human purposes must be avoided since they are harmful, dangerous, and risky.

Author(s) Details:

M. Hemada,
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.


S. El-Darier,
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V4/article/view/6221

Recent Advancements on Callus and Cell Suspension Cultures: An Effectual Reserve for the Production of Pharmaceutically Significant Metabolites | Chapter 9 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 6

 Alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins, and other phytopharmaceuticals are examples of secondary metabolites of pharmaceutical significance. Because their chemical synthesis is either extremely difficult or economically impractical, the majority of these secondary metabolites are currently isolated from wild or cultivated plants. Although production by callus and cell suspension cultures is a lovely alternative, it has only had limited commercial success because to a lack of understanding of how these metabolites are formed. The current book chapter summarises some of the current progress and investigations carried out by authors for the production of useful bioactive secondary metabolites such as withanolides, bacosides, glychyrhizin, reserpine, ajmalicine, amarogentin, plumbagin, and terpenoids from callus and cell suspension cultures of corresponding plant species. Similarly, a lot of thought has gone into it.

Author(S) Details

Ashok Ahuja
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Manoj Kumar Tripathi
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Sushma Tiwari
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Niraj Tripathi
Directorate of Research Services, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

Gyanendra Tiwari
Department of Plant Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

Nishi Mishra
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Shashank Bhargav
Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, India.

Sharad Tiwari
Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V6/article/view/5161

Phytochemical Studies and Antioxidant Activity of Mauritia flexuosa and Mauritiella armata | Chapter 3 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 2

 Mauritia flexuosa and Mauritiella armata are Arecaceae plants that are common in Brazil. The phytochemical profile of the secretion commonly known as wine, produced from M. flexuosa, was investigated in this study. The antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic extracts of the two species' leaves, roots, and petioles, as well as flavonoids quantity and chromatographic profile, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the chromatographic profile, and spectrophotometry was used to quantify flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The presence of flavonoids and antioxidant activity was found in the extracts of all investigated structures from both species (M. flexuosa and M. armata). The presence of secondary metabolites found in other M. flexuosa structures was confirmed by the wine's phytochemical profile. The examined extracts have between three and nine chemicals, according to the chromatographic analyses. More research is needed to discover the active chemicals in both species.

Author (S) Details

Vanessa de Andrade Royo
Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros/MG, Brazil.

Juliana Almeida Rocha
Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros/MG, Brazil.

Kamylla Teixeira Santos
Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros/MG, Brazil.

Jeane Ferreira Leal Freitas
Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros/MG, Brazil.

Clarice Avelar Almeida
Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros/MG, Brazil.

Elytania Veiga Menezes
Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros/MG, Brazil.

Dario Alves de Oliveira
Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros/MG, Brazil.

Murilo Malveira Brandão
Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros/MG, Brazil.

Afranio Farias de Melo Júnior
Laboratory of Natural Products, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros/MG, Brazil.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V2/article/view/3709

Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Phytochemicals | Chapter 1 | Recent Progress in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol.1

Plants are considered treasure house of bioactive compounds (phytochemicals) that can be used as a
drug for curing human diseases. According to WHO about 80% of the population in the developed
countries use traditional medicines for curing various ailments, which do not have any side effects.
The word phytochemicals is derived from the Greek word phyto-meaning plants are naturally
occurring chemical compounds that are biologically active. They protect the plant as well as human
when consumed in diet. These phytochemicals give the plant its characteristic aroma, color and
flavor. Till date, more than 40,000 phytochemicals have been catalogued and a detailed study of
about 150 of them have been carried out. These phytochemicals accumulate in the leaves, flowers,
fruits, seeds, stem, roots, barks etc., Phytochemicals are classified as primary and secondary
metabolites based on their role in the plant metabolism. Amino acids sugars, proteins, purines,
pyrimidines and chlorophyll are primary metabolites whereas alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic
compounds, saponins, terpenes, plant steroids andglycosides are secondary metabolites. These
secondary compounds have an array of biological properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant,
antitumor and many more pharmacological activities. Interest in phytochemicals are increasing as
they are safer for human consumption as well as the environment. This chapter deals with qualitative
and quantitative analysis of phytochemicals.

Author(s) Details

Dr. J. Anbumalarmathi
Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai-600086, India.

Dr. S. Aruna Sharmili
Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai-600086, India.

View Book:- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/227