Optimal Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items with Permissible Delay in Consideration to Default Risk | Chapter 6 | Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 9

 

The study introduces an innovative approach to manage inventory for deteriorating items by taking into account the permissible delays and default risk. This perspective offers fresh insights into a complex problem faced by many businesses. A credit period is often extended by suppliers to their clients in order to foster long-term relationships and ensure their survival in the business environment. This draws in new clients, increasing market demand. Conversely, the provider is exposed to default risk when a credit period is present. In this paper, an inventory model is developed that deals with credit period dependent quadratic demand and default risk associated with sales revenue. The Deterioration rate under the natural environment is also incorporated with the inventory model. This article discusses the seller's best choice for determining the customer's allowable credit period duration and the purchase amount. Concerns about environmental degradation are also taken into account while making purchases in order to maximize profits. A solution procedure is given for finding the optimal solution of total profit. Numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the model. Finally, sensitivity analysis is carried out to explore the managerial implications. This study will help significantly the seller in setting optimal credit periods. In future, this research can be extended to study inventory models with stochastic demand. This paper can be extended if shortages are allowed. Different preservation technologies can also be incorporated to reduce deterioration and enhance environmental protection.

 

 

Author(s) Details

 

Anima Bag

Department of Statistics, Rama Devi Women’s University, Bhubaneswar, Pin-751024, India.

P.K. Tripathy

P.G. Department of Statistics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Pin-751004, India.

 

Please see the link:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rumcs/v9/12316F

Building Nano-Knowledge for Sustainable Lagoon Water Resources Governance | Book Publisher International

Water is more than a resource, it is a lifeline, deeply embedded in the social, cultural, and ecological fabric of communities. Local nano-knowledge, particularly the observations of those who regularly interact with water bodies, plays a crucial role in identifying early signs of contamination and ecological shifts. Subtle changes in water colour, odour, and taste, as well as fluctuations in aquatic biodiversity, can serve as key indicators of environmental stress long before scientific instruments detect measurable changes. This book explores the integration of traditional nano-knowledge with cutting-edge scientific advancements, particularly nano-sensors, to create a more holistic and responsive water monitoring system. It introduces the concept of "nano-knowledge", small but vital units of environmental intelligence gathered through lived experience, and examines how these insights, when validated and incorporated into governance frameworks, can strengthen water stewardship and resilience. It is important to note that the smallest details often carry the loudest warnings. Recognizing changes in water colour, smell, or microscopic life is not just scientific, it is spiritual, cultural, and political association. These “nano” insights form the heartbeat of resilient, inclusive, and effective water governance. Drawing from an extensive study conducted across four coastal lagoon communities in Accra, Ghana in West Africa, this work highlights the factors contributing to water quality degradation and ecosystem imbalance. Using a combination of field data, community perspectives, and policy analysis, the research reveals critical gaps in water management strategies, especially the disconnect between policymaking and nano-knowledge of scientific and grassroots conservation efforts. Findings indicate that parameters such as salinity, dissolved oxygen, and bacterial contamination exceed safe limits, leading to biodiversity loss and ecological stress. These challenges underscore the urgency of integrating nano localized environmental awareness with scientific methodologies to inform adaptive and sustainable policies. By bridging traditional ecological nano-knowledge with nano modern water assessment tools, this book advocates for a participatory governance model that values both empirical data and community-driven conservation practices. Effective policies must not only be scientifically sound but also culturally embraced and locally implemented. Recognizing the intricate connections between water quality, biodiversity, and socio-economic stability, this work calls for a paradigm shift toward inclusive and intricate evidence-based water governance. In conclusion, water governance is not solely a technical issue but a multidimensional challenge that intersects with cultural heritage, economic priorities, and ecological sustainability. By fostering collaboration between policymakers, researchers, and local stewards, we can develop resilient water governance systems that safeguard vital aquatic ecosystems for future generations.

 

Author (s) Details

Marian A. Amu-Mensah
CSIR Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana.

 

Martha Duku Agyeman
CSIR Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana.

 

Gloria Addico
University of Cape Coast, Ghana.

 

Mario E. Chris
CSIR Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana.

 

Michael Martey
CSIR Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana.

 

Gertrude Norte
University of Cape Coast, Ghana

 

Bright Amedorme
CSIR Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana.

 

Kingsley Nelson
CSIR Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana.

 

Isaac Hodgson
University of Cape Coast, Ghana.

 

Samuel Asiamah Nyave
University of Cape Coast, Ghana.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49729-93-3

Optimal Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items with Permissible Delay in Consideration to Default Risk | Chapter 6 | Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 9

Inventory, environment, trade credit, default risk, deterioration.The study introduces an innovative approach to manage inventory for deteriorating items by taking into account the permissible delays and default risk. This perspective offers fresh insights into a complex problem faced by many businesses. A credit period is often extended by suppliers to their clients in order to foster long-term relationships and ensure their survival in the business environment. This draws in new clients, increasing market demand. Conversely, the provider is exposed to default risk when a credit period is present. In this paper, an inventory model is developed that deals with credit period dependent quadratic demand and default risk associated with sales revenue. The Deterioration rate under the natural environment is also incorporated with the inventory model. This article discusses the seller's best choice for determining the customer's allowable credit period duration and the purchase amount. Concerns about environmental degradation are also taken into account while making purchases in order to maximize profits. A solution procedure is given for finding the optimal solution of total profit. Numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the model. Finally, sensitivity analysis is carried out to explore the managerial implications. This study will help significantly the seller in setting optimal credit periods. In future, this research can be extended to study inventory models with stochastic demand. This paper can be extended if shortages are allowed. Different preservation technologies can also be incorporated to reduce deterioration and enhance environmental protection.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Anima Bag
Department of Statistics, Rama Devi Women’s University, Bhubaneswar, Pin-751024, India.

 

P.K. Tripathy
P.G. Department of Statistics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Pin-751004, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rumcs/v9/12316F

Influence of Agro-Industrial Leachate Polluted Soil on the Compressive and Flexural Properties of Unstressed Concrete Substructure | Chapter 1 | Research and Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 9

 In conditions of compressive and flexural strengths in addition to load-carrying capabilities, this work compares the temporary behavior of factual substructures situated in cyanide-contaminated soil to those in spontaneously unpolluted soils. Agriculture, strength, transportation, building, electronics, and mining are just any of the several industrial projects that have increased on account of the ongoing rise of the human population. These, in proper sequence, exacerbate soil contamination by lowering the mechanical and tangible qualities of the soil, to a degree electrical conductivity, size density, pH, liquid content, and hardness. This results in a loss of crop difference, productivity, and soil character. The rate of deterioration hardened substructure is initiated by progress of salt crystal inside concrete pores beneath the surface layer established the chemical features of the soil and groundwater. The aim of this study was to question the effects of cassava mill discharge-polluted soils on the compressive and flexural strengths actual substructure factors. The cubes' compressive strengths were evaluated each seven days until era 84, but the beams were only put through third-point stowing flexural testing before. Concrete test specimens' compressive strength red-pink in both soil scenes, however the trend in the adulterated soil was less pronounced. Between the 7th and 28th days, the substance decreased by 2.50 to 9.47%, but it dreaming strength continuously middle from two points the 28th and 84th days, losing 9.95% (COV = 2.64%). The load-deviation curves were quadratic for the beams in the two geo-surroundings. The beams in cyanide-polluted soil wasted 34.5% of its flexural stiffness, while allure loss of load-giving capacities at the first crack and best failure were 15.8 and 20% individually. Higher degree of deterioration is sure for loaded factual substructures in similar conditions. Hence, forethought of soil chemistry is critical to determining suitable actual grade and nominal show support for durable substructural elements.

Author(s) Details:

Adekunle P. Adewuyi,
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RADER-V9/article/view/12224

Determining Residual Service Life of Concrete Structures Based on Experimental Data | Chapter 9 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 6

 

For the purpose of assessing the current condition of RC structures, a ten point (0-9) condition rating system is established based on the values of concrete cover, carbonation depth, and chloride content at rebar depth discovered through in-situ tests. Proposed condition ratings have been related to priorities for upkeep, examination, and replacement. A model (Figure 1) similar to Tutti's model (1982) has been constructed and provided in this study to predict the remaining service life of a decaying structure by evaluating the existing condition of RC structures.

Author(s) Details:

Sanjeev Kumar Verma,
School of Engineering and Technology, SAGE University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Sudhir Singh Bhadauria,
University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidhalaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Saleem Akhtar,
Department of Civil Engineering, University Institute of Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidhalaya, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V6/article/view/7606

Exponential Time-based Supply-chain Two-warehouse Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items with Shortage and Partial Backlogging in Inflationary Environment | Chapter 5 | Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 5

Products that lose their uniqueness after a given amount of time fall under the category of degradation in inventory management systems. In a supply chain system where demand is characterised as a function of stock with an exponent function of time, we developed a two-warehouse issue for deteriorating goods. The inventory problem in the supply chain system comprises inventory shortages that frequently happen in daily life as part of the practical situation of scarcity. The backlog situation of a scarcity is also taken into account to make the model more realistic. We have incorporated an inflation factor into our model since it is impossible to disregard the effects of inflation. The suitable illustration offers a sensitivity analysis. To support our findings, the graph between various components is also shown in the analysis section.

Author (s) Details:

Mohammad Rizwanullah,
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Manipal University, Jaipur, India.

Maqsood Hussain Junnaidi,
Department of Supply Chain Management, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMCS-V5/article/view/7482

An EPQ Model with Weibull Distribution Deterioration and Exponential Demand under Permissible Delay in Payments | Chapter 08 | Recent Recent Advances in Mathematical Research and Computer Science Vol. 8

 We constantly fix both the demand amount and the output quantity every day in order to solve the economic production quantity (EPQ). However, in the actual world, output is largely based on demand. This work develops a production model for a lot-size inventory system with limited production rate, taking into account decay and the condition of allowable payment delay. If the outstanding amount is paid within the allowed predetermined settlement period, no interest is usually levied. As a result, it makes financial sense for the client to postpone the settlement of the replenishment account until the very last instant of the supplier's authorised time. Shortages are allowed and fully backordered in this model. The goal of this study is to look at an EPQ model that has Weibull distribution deterioration and assumes an exponential demand rate. Production is based on demand in this case. The goal of this research is to look into a possible computing scheme for the EPQ. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the model.

Author(S) Details

S. Sarkar
Department of Basic Science, NSHM Knowledge Campus Durgapur, India

T. Chakrabarti
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata-700009, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMRCS-V8/article/view/5748

Studies on D10 Values (γ- Irradiation) of Five Postharvest Fungal Pathogens and their Effect on the Biochemical Properties of Fresh capsicum Fruits | Chapter 7 | New Visions in Biological Science Vol. 2

 Fungi are increasingly being blamed for spoiling commercially valuable fruits and vegetables. Five postharvest fungi of pepper fruits were studied for their population responses to gamma irradiation: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Colletotrichum capsici, C. trumcatum, and Fusarium solani. At a dosage rate of 1.08KGy/hour, these fungi were irradiated at doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8KGy. The D10 values of the organisms were calculated using the Stumbo equation. The fungus were inoculated on pepper fruits for 8 days, and biochemical/physiochemical parameters (pH, total ascorbic acid, total titratable acidity, and soluble solids) as well as physiological weight loss were measured. The study used a completely randomised block design. For D10 values and biochemical parameters, GenStat 12th edition was utilised with one- and two-way Anova. The D10 values ranged from 0.714 to 0.995 KGy, with Fusarium solani being the most radio resistant and Colletotrichum species being more vulnerable to gamma irradiation's deadly effect. In general, biochemical values of fungi-inoculated pepper fruits were higher than those of control samples. Because these fungi are either harmful or saprophytic to pepper fruits, gamma irradiation decontaminated fresh pepper fruits of their bioburden, increasing their postharvest life. The physiochemical properties of pepper fruits are also affected by fungi's degrading activities.

Author (S) Details

G. K. Frimpong
Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute – GAEC, Ghana.

A. A. Adekunle
Department of Botany, University of Lagos, Nigeria.

T. O. Ogundipe
Department of Botany, University of Lagos, Nigeria.

A. A. Okyere
Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute – GAEC, Ghana.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NVBS-V2/article/view/3713

Determination of Post-Harvest Microbial Deterioration of Tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum) Fruits| Chapter 5| Recent Progress in Plant and Soil Research Vol. 2

 This study looked into the microbiological, chemical, and environmental factors that contribute to the rotting of this vital vegetable. From rotting tomato fruits, a total of eight microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) were recovered. These isolates were utilised to conduct pathogenicity tests on healthy fruits, both wounded and unwounded, and it was discovered that fungi cause more degradation than bacteria. Temperature and milton were tested to see how they affected the rotting of the meat.fruits. The rate of deterioration appears to grow as the temperature rises. The use of milton was found to be useful in reducing rotting. The amount of ascorbic acid in fresh and decaying fruits was also tested. Ascorbic acid levels decreased as degradation progressed, according to the findings.

Author (s) Details

Matthew, Titus
Department of Biology, College of Education, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.

View Book :-https://stm.bookpi.org/RPPSR-V2/article/view/2666