Thyroid Tuberculosis: A Rare Case Presentation and Literature Review | Disease and Health Research: New Insights Vol. 2

 

Tuberculosis is a disease with widespread character and a long treatment process. Tuberculosis affecting the thyroid gland is a rare occurrence, even in the regions where tuberculosis is prevalent. This case report details the presentation of a 22-year-old male who initially presented with a life-threatening condition of cardiac tamponade, ultimately diagnosed as thyroid tuberculosis. TB PCR results in accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis in a shorter period of time, and also allows for drug susceptibility testing, especially in paucibacillary tuberculosis. The case underscores the critical role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and TB PCR in accurately diagnosing such uncommon manifestations of tuberculosis. This case highlights the significance of FNAC and TB PCR in confirming tuberculosis as the underlying cause of thyroid involvement, facilitating timely and targeted therapeutic interventions for patients presenting with unusual clinical manifestations of tuberculosis. With proper management, patients with thyroid tuberculosis can achieve significant clinical improvement and outcomes. Early recognition and targeted therapy are crucial in optimizing patient care and outcomes in such uncommon yet clinically impactful cases.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Ravi Talapa
ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.

 

Nidhi Yadav
ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.

 

Siddhant Jain
ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.

 

Tanvi Sirohi
ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.

 

Shourya Yerramareddy
ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrni/v2/1509

A Rapid and Cost-Effective Method for Genomic DNA Extraction from Plant Fungal Pathogens | Chapter 9 | Current Research Progress in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 3

 

This chapter demonstrates a rapid, cost-effective, and safe method for extracting genomic DNA from multiple plant fungal pathogens. Pure cultures of Fusarium equesti, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Fusarium proliferatum, and Alternaria alternata, isolated from diseased wheat, grapevine, potato, and lily plants, respectively, were used. The fungal samples were ground with sterilised sand and 2N NaOH, followed by centrifugation to separate sand grains and fungal cellular components from the DNA. The resulting DNA was mixed with Tris buffer (1 M, pH 8). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was successfully amplified, sequenced, and analysed from the extracted DNA of all four pathogens. This safe technique offers a straightforward, efficient, and non-hazardous method to obtain sufficient quantity and quality DNA suitable for molecular assays to identify plant fungi.

 

Author(s) Details

 Adnan A. Lahuf
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq.

 

Ola H. Jaafar
Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq.

 

Zainab L. Hameed
Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpas/v3/2117

Application of Basic Regression Analysis Models: A Statistical Approach | Chapter 3 | Mathematics and Computer Science: Contemporary Developments Vol. 4

 

Regression analysis is one of the well-liked statistical methods which is used for prediction analysis. In statistical data analysis, one usually needs to begin an association between the various parameters in a data set. This association is crucial for prediction and analysis. So, regression is one of the techniques for prediction analysis and data mining tasks. Each one has its own sense. To construct future predictions, Regression analysis comprises fitting the right model relating to the inclined data set. These techniques vary in terms of the type of response variable, explanatory variable and distribution. This work is mainly focused on the dissimilar types of regression techniques premeditated for various types of analysis and which types of regression are used in the context of different data sets. The study discussed the four types of regression models such as Linear Regression, Polynomial Regression, Partial Least Square Regression and Principal Component Regression, and Support Vector Regression in detail. Although the polynomial regression model agrees on a non-linear association between the response variable and explanatory variable, still it is observed as linear regression since its regression coefficients a0,a1,a2,........an are linear.

 

Author (s) Details

R. Reka
Department of Statistics, Sri Sarada College for Women (Autonomous), Salem, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mcscd/v4/1317

Understanding Pathobiology of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) Causing Aspergillus fumigatus and Its Immunological Response in Freshwater Fish of Channa striatus | Chapter 12 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 2

The present study highlights the pathology and pathobiology of Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) caused by Aspergillus fumigatus and its immunological response in freshwater fish of the species Channa striatus. Understanding the role of the environment and its impact on the growth of A. fumigatus is essential for improving disease management systems against EUS infection. Aspergillus fumigatus, an oomycete fungus, is frequently recognized as a causative agent of EUS, a seasonal and epidemic pathogen of significant concern in cultured fish in both freshwater and estuarine environments. In Channa striatus species, EUS is a complex infectious condition that results in necrotic ulcerative lesions and granulomatous reactions, contributing to significant mortality. This syndrome has caused the death of approximately 92 fish species recorded in the wild and in commercial aquaculture systems worldwide. Various environmental and biological factors contribute to the growth and establishment of A. fumigatus, which further invites secondary pathogens into the lesions, exacerbating the fungal infection.

 

Proper identification methods for A. fumigatus include PCR detection and light microscopy. A deeper understanding of the infection process is necessary to discover effective treatments for controlling the disease. Research on fungal infection in Channa striatus reveals patterns of the fish's immune response to A. fumigatus, which is crucial for developing vaccines and targeted treatments to prevent the disease and maintain EUS-free aquaculture systems.

 

Discussions in this area include immune mechanisms triggered by infection, interactions between A. fumigatus and the immune system of the host species, the various clinical states of A. fumigatus, and alternative treatment modalities.

 

Author (s) Details

Podeti Koteshwar Rao
Department of Zoology, Kakatiya University, 506 009, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v2/118

A Comparative Study on The Efficiency of Genomic DNA Extraction Protocols for P53 Gene Polymorphism in Prostate Cancer | Chapter 8 | Microbiology and Biotechnology Research: An Overview Vol. 2

The physical, chemical, and physiological makeup of the prostate varies greatly between species. The prostate's job is to emit a milky or white fluid that is slightly alkaline and accounts for around 30% of the amount of semen in humans, together with sperm cells and seminal vesicle fluid. Prostate cancer (PC), a type of cancer that develops in the prostate gland in the male reproductive system, is one of the most prevalent cancers influencing older men in the developed world and a major inducer of mortality for elderly men. In recent decades, genetic techniques have emerged as a powerful resource across various life-related applications. DNA-based technologies, such as PCR, are increasingly utilized in research focused on demographic genetic diversity, QTL detection, marker-assisted selection, and food traceability. These methodologies necessitate extraction processes that ensure effective nucleic acid retrieval and the removal of PCR inhibitors. The initial and most critical step in molecular biology is the extraction of DNA from cells. For molecular scientists, the quality and integrity of the isolated DNA, along with the extraction method's user-friendliness and cost-effectiveness, are essential considerations. This study aimed to develop a straightforward, rapid, and cost-effective technique for extracting DNA from human peripheral blood samples, specifically comparing two normal male subjects aged 24 years (n=2) and two male patients with prostate cancer aged 65 years (n=2). The objective was to standardize a DNA extraction protocol utilizing five different extraction methods. The first method involved a modified organic approach that substituted sodium perchlorate for traditional organic solvents like phenol and chloroform, highlighting the advantages of sodium perchlorate due to its affordability and minimal storage and shipping requirements. The second method employed an enzymatic approach using proteinase K, while the third method utilized a detergent. The fourth method incorporated phenol chloroform, and the final method was based on the salting out technique. The findings indicated that the organic extraction method produces a satisfactory yield of DNA in a relatively brief period, while the enzymatic extraction method results in superior DNA purity, making it more appropriate for PCR applications. The purpose of the present study was to find a suitable procedure for DNA extraction with low cost, time, and hazards as well as high yield, purity, and excitability for PCR amplification. Among the primary strategies for obtaining DNA is from whole blood specimens, and there are a variety of protocols known to extract nucleic acids from such specimens. The five proposed methods for DNA extraction significantly lower costs by utilizing only basic and easily obtainable laboratory supplies and equipment, eliminating the need for expensive components such as K and RNase proteins. This conclusion was drawn from a comparison of five different protocols utilizing spectrophotometry, Nanodrop technology, and electrophoresis. The PCR amplification of the P53 gene using the isolated DNA was successfully achieved through these five methods. This suggests that, apart from the detergent-based method, there were no significant inhibitors present for Taq polymerase in the final solution.

 

Author (s) Details

Zaizafoon Nabeel Nasif
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mbrao/v2/5158

Common Mastitis Pathogens in Milk Samples of HF Crossbred Cattle | Chapter 5 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 8

Mastitis is the most imperative economic problem faced by dairy producers all over the world. Inflammation of the mammary gland is called mastitis. The present study was undertaken to identify the incidence rate for five major pathogens viz., Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (S. dysgalactiae) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the milk samples collected from Bangalore and Kolar district by PCR based microorganism detection technique. A total of 214 composite milk samples were screened by CMT and then PCR-based detection of pathogens for the samples was carried out. In this methodology, 30 ml of milk sample was strained to remove milk somatic cells and further centrifuged at 1000 x g for 15 min to discard the fat layer. The results revealed the presence of S. aureus in 28.5 per cent of the total animals screened, S. epidermis was identified in 15.42 per cent of cases. E. coli followed and the incidence rate was 13.55 per cent with regard to E. coli. S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae were identified in 10.28 per cent and 3.74 per cent of the cases respectively. None of the pathogens considered in this study were detected in 117 milk samples, these samples were also observed to be normal for CMT. The results correlate with the results of another study where PCR-based detection of mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk samples revealed the highest incidence rate for S. aureus followed by S. epidermidis and E. coli in areas around Bangalore dist. The present study supported the fact that PCR-based identification of mastitis-causing pathogens from milk is a rapid and reliable method to reveal the exact bacterial etiology of mastitis.

 

Author (s) Details

P.V. Jadhav
Southern Regional Station of National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bangalore-560030, India.

 

D.N. Das
Southern Regional Station of National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bangalore-560030, India.

 

S.B. Tarate
Southern Regional Station of National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bangalore-560030, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpmab/v8/2152

The Occurrence of the Pseudophyllidean, Spirometra Species, in a Tanzanian Dog with a Molecular Approach | Chapter 5 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 6

Cestodes of the genus Spirometra are multi-host parasites that are causative agents of spirometrosis in domestic and wild carnivores and sparganosis in humans. In domestic animals, the infection is usually asymptomatic. This study investigated the Spirometra species obtained from a domestic dog from Tanzania. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for molecular identification of Spirometra. The amplicons derived from genomic DNA samples from a single adult worm were subjected to sequencing and compared with that of S. erinaceieuropaei. The gene arrangement in the mt genome sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei from Tanzania is identical. The identity of the mt genomes was 100% between S. erinaceieuropaei from Tanzania. The result of this study does not support earlier conclusions that Tanzanian Spirometra sp. is S. theileri. This is the first report of S. erinaceieuropaei in dogs from Tanzania.

 

Author (s) Details

 

N.J. Kavana
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania and Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences Ifakara, Tanzania.

 

C.J. Kasanga
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania.

 

A.A. Kassuku
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania.

 

S. Parthasarathy
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Y.L. Lau
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

M.Y. Fong
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

R. Mahmud
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v6/3107

Genes chi of Native Bacillus thuringiensis Strains from Maranhão Active against Aedes aegypti Larvae | Chapter 6 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 7

 Bacillus thuringiensis is visualized as a multifaceted microbial factory for the production of several biomolecules. The Cry and Cyt proteins are used in commercial products sold worldwide as the most important bioinsecticides. However, there is increasing interest in lesser-known metabolites synthesized by B. thuringiensis, including Chi (chitinases) proteins. Several studies have observed that Chi proteins increase the insecticidal activity of Cry proteins, as these proteins degrade the peritrophic membrane, which is mainly composed of a chitin structure and proteins like those of Aedes aegypti larvae, allowing greater access of Cry proteins to their respective receptors on midgut cells. This research carried out a survey of strains of B. thuringiensis that amplified to the chi gene in combination with the cry and cyt genes and were pathogenic to Ae. aegypti larvae. The genomic DNA of 322 B. thuringiensis from different regions of the Maranhão, isolated from soil and water samples, were screened by PCR with primer pairs specific for the endogenous chitinase gene and 28 B. thuringiensis isolates were amplified, 14 of which were isolated from soil (published data) and 14 from water. Seven isolates killed 100% of the larvae within 24 hours and ten amplified for all the dipteran-specific cry and cyt genes. Ten isolates may be potential candidates to expand the alternative means in which these bacteria can be produced industrially as a biopesticide for the control of Ae. aegypti due to its high pathogenicity rate and great variability of the cry and cyt genes. However, more studies are needed for specific biotechnological applications and to potentially help in vector control, including determining the levels of chitinase synthesis in qualitative and quantitative assays to select B. thuringiensis isolates with a high level of protein production that could be a useful component of B. thuringiensis based biopesticides.

 

Author (s) Details

 Dr. Maria Cleoneide da Silva
Entomopathogenic Bacteria and Molecular Markers Laboratory, Maranhão State University (UEMA), Campus Caxias, Caxias, MA, Brazil.

 Jeverson Renato Moraes Brito
Entomopathogenic Bacteria and Molecular Markers Laboratory, Maranhão State University (UEMA), Campus Caxias, Caxias, MA, Brazil.

 Emanuelle Cristine Pereira de Sousa
Entomopathogenic Bacteria and Molecular Markers Laboratory, Maranhão State University (UEMA), Campus Caxias, Caxias, MA, Brazil.

 Dalton Kaynnan de Prado Costa
Complex Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Maranhão State University (UEMA), Campus Caxias, Caxias, MA, Brazil.

 Alessandra Maria Silva Vidigal
Complex Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Maranhão State University (UEMA), Campus Caxias, Caxias, MA, Brazil.

 

Please see the link :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v7/1061

The Genetic Similarities and the Potential Threat of Candidatus Phytoplasma Australasia Associated with Phyllody Disease of Seasame | Chapter 8 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7

Phyllody disease in sesame results from the abnormal conversion of floral organs into leaf-like structures due to phytoplasma infection, often transmitted by insect vectors. This condition significantly impacts yield and seed quality. Ongoing molecular-level investigations in sesame growing in North India aim to identify specific phytoplasmas causing crop losses, providing insights for targeted management strategies. Leaf samples from sesame plants exhibiting Phyllody disease were collected from Varanasi and Mirzapur districts of Uttar Pradesh, India during the survey conducted between month of September to December, 2012-14. Incidence of sesame Phyllody in the farmers at different location was ranged from 30-70 percent indicating its prevalence in Uttar Pradesh. The Phytoplasma infection in sesame plants was confirmed by PCR using universal primers of 16s rRNA (R16F2n/R16R2) and SecY gene (SecYF2 and SecYR1). Amplified 16s rRNA and SecY gene was sequenced and sequence comparisons were made with the available Phytoplasma 16srRNA and SecY gene sequences in NCBI Gen Bank database. The restriction pattern of Phytoplasma samples collected from different fields was identical, which indicates that, the same Phytoplasma is responsible for causing Phyllody disease in different locations. The 16srRNA and SecY gene sequence of Phytoplasma in the current study, shared highest nucleotide identity of 97.9-99.9% and 95.8 to 96.3% with subgroup 16Sr II-D the peanut witches’-broom group. A Comprehensive recombination analysis using RDP4 showed the evidence of inter- recombination in F2nR2 and SecY gene fragment of Phytoplasma infecting sesame. The most of the F2nR2 fragment is descended from Ash yellows-[16SrVIII] and Apple proliferation-[16SrX] group. While for SecY gene, most of the part was descended from Peanut witches’-broom- 16SrII-A (GU004331) and aster yellows 16Sr I-A (GU004345). The genetic similarities and the potential threat of this new Phytoplasma belong to 16Sr II-D subgroup of Peanut witches’ broom’ group infecting to sesame in north India are discussed. This report added one more member of 16Sr IID subgroup from Peanut witches’ broom group in addition to, two Phytoplasma strains belonging Ca. P. asteris (16Sr I group) are responsible for causing sesame Phyllody in India.

Author(s) Details:

V Venkataravanappa,
Central Horticultural Experimental Station, India and Division of Crop Protection, Indian Vegetable Research Institute, India.

CN Lakshminarayana Reddy,
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences, India.

M Manjunath,
Division of Crop Protection, Indian Vegetable Research Institute, India.

Neha S Chauhan,
Division of Crop Protection, Indian Vegetable Research Institute, India.

M Krishna Reddy,
Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACAS-V7/article/view/14266

Metallo Beta-Lactamase Resistance Mechanisms among Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) | Chapter 9 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 9

 Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens causing nosocomial infections, it is naturally resistant to many antimicrobial agents. It has a distinctive capacity to become resistant to many available antimicrobial agents via multiple mechanisms. One of the major clinical problems regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa is attributed to the production of Metallo-Beta lactamase (MBL) enzymes. This group of enzymes is members of beta-lactamases which constitute Ambler class B that hydrolyze-carbapenems.

 

Aim: This study was carried out to find out the predominant resistance mechanisms among Multi-drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) and the prevalence of corresponding resistance genes.

 

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, MDRPA isolates collected from various clinical samples for a period of one year from March 2015 to February 2016 were included to detect the predominant mechanism of resistance using phenotypic and molecular methods. Molecular characterization of all these isolates was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the presence of blaVIM2, blaIMP-1, blaOXA-23, and blaNDM-1 genes with specific primers.

 

Results: Among 120 MDRPA isolates 70 (58.33%) were MBL producers. Molecular characterization studied by PCR showed 15 (12.5%) of vim2 gene and only 2 (1.66%) of IMP 1 gene. None of the 120 MDRPA has produced OXA 23 and NDM gene in our study. MDRPA infections are likely to affect critically ill patients who require prolonged hospitalization. Infections with MDRPA are also associated with adverse clinical outcome. Strict isolation of patients infected with MDRPA and judicial use of antibiotics should be emphasized in order to prevent the spread of MDRPA infections.

 

Conclusion: The prevalence of MBLs has been increasing worldwide, particularly among P. aeruginosa, leading to severe limitations in the therapeutic options for the management. Thus, proper resistance screening measures and appropriate antibiotic policy can be strictly adopted by all the healthcare facility providers to overcome these superbugs.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammed Ansar Qureshi,
College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, KSA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB/article/view/13228

Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus aureus in Mastitic Cases from Namakkal District | Chapter 9 | Research Perspectives of Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 1

The study was conducted to identify the prevalence of Staphylococcal mastitis in bovines from Namakkal region and the therapeutic response of antibiotics to Staphylococci by assessing the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in clinical settings. Milk samples (n= 241) were collected from clinical and subclinical mastitic cows which were brought to teaching veterinary clinical complex (TVCC), Veterinary College and Research Institute (VC&RI), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu and subjected to isolation on mannitol salt agar, Gram’s staining and confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus at cow level was 61.5 and 57.4 per cent in clinical and subclinical cases, respectively, and at quarter level was 58.8 and 57.4 per cent in the clinical and subclinical cases, respectively. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern revealed a high sensitivity to enrofloxacin (100.0%) and a high resistance to methicillin (100.0%) by S. aureus isolates, and multidrug resistance by S. aureus isolates was also observed. Though enrofloxacin was found to be very effective in therapeutic management of most staphylococcal mastitis cases, antibiogram of milk sample from each mastitis cow is essential to monitor the development of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in clinical or subclinical mastitis to the range of antibiotics commonly used. This would help in the early treatment of mastitis with sensitive antibiotics and prevent the case entering into the chronic stage, failure of treatment and loss of the value of cow.

Author(s) Details:

R. Navaneethan,
Kurichi Veterinary Dispensary, Kumbakonam Division, Tanjore District-612 504, Tamil Nadu, India.

S. Saravanan,
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Tirunelveli-627 358, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPMAB-V1/article/view/13854

Human Mpox: A Deadliest Pox Virus till Date | Chapter 10 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 8

 The continuous 2022 multicountry outbreak of Mpox (monkey pox) is an arising and re-emerging Zoonotic viral ailment. Mpox is a double-stranded DNA bug. It can be transmitted to persons through physical contact with dignitary who is infectious, accompanying contaminated materials, or with contaminated animals. It draws world’s consideration because of the increasing incident of human outbreaks recent years, further its traditional terrestrial location. The incubation ending of the disease maybe 5 to 21 days. The current 2022 outbreak of Mpox in newly stated countries primarily influences men (homosexual or epicene) and genital skin lesions are a dominant syndrome. Genome sequencing has revealed that the Clade IIb variant arrange the Mpox ourbreak. Healthcare professionals are at higher risk of flattering infected since they are in close trade patients directly. Children, meaningful women & people accompanying weak invulnerable system are at risk for difficulty from Mpox.The WHO declared, Mpox as a public health crisis of international concern on 25 July 2022. So, it is important to amend knowledge of this zoonotic contamination, including case judgment, contact tracing, laboratory review, clinical management, seclusion and implementation of infection stop control measures and prophylaxis to understand the more extensive implication of the current plague. WHO published a strategic readiness & response plan for Mpox.CDC admits use of stockpiled Tecovirimat to Mpox during an outbreak. VIGIV is licenced by FDA for the situation of complications on account of vaccinia vaccination. A newer cure based on modified weakened vaccinia virus (Ankara strain) was approved for the stop of Mpox.

Author(s) Details:

Meenu Meena,
Govt. Medical College, Kota, Affiliated to Rajasthan University of Health Sciences and Rajasthan University, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V8/article/view/12630

Qualitative assessment of Helicobacter pylori by PCR in the saliva of Male Smokers and Non-Smokers with Chronic Periodontitis | Chapter 14 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a rational resident of the pertaining to the stomach environment, has also happened found in the spoken environment of humans. Various studies have befriended the presence of H. pylori in the spoken environment of subjects accompanying periodontitis suggesting that progression of periodontal pocket and redness may favor settling by this bacterium. One of the major risk determinants for periodontitis is smoking. Smokers have raised prevalence and severe in consideration of periodontal disease, in addition to a higher prevalence of premolar loss distinguished to non-smokers. This chapter aims to evaluate the comparative presence of H. pylori in the slobber of smokers and nonsmokers with never-ending periodontitis. A total of 48 male individuals diagnosed accompanying chronic periodontitis (CAL≥5mm) accompanying and without hot habits were enrolled in the study. The unstimulated whole slaver was subjected to H. pylori DNA discovery using real-occasion PCR. The percent closeness of H. pylori DNA among the groups was statistically compared.Periodontal limits (gingival index, plaque index, acute depth, and dispassionate attachment level) were significantly various between smokers and non-smokers distinguished to controls (P =.001). Overall, H. pylori was not detected in controls (100% negative), whereas 5.5% of non-smokers and 13.3% of smokers revealed the presence of H. pylori. The Chi-square test presented a significant difference (P =.003) betwixt smokers and controls; however, it was visualized that the relative differences with the groups could not reach statistical importance. The study revealed that smokers accompanying chronic periodontitis may bother a relatively greater risk of H. pylori presence in the oral crater than non-smokers.

Author(s) Details:

Rajeev Kishore Saxena,
Department of Microbiology, Abhishek I. Mishra Memorial Medical College and Research, Junwani, Bhilai, India.

Abdul Samad Aziz,
Department of Biochemistry, Dr. G. D. Pol Foundation’s YMT Dental College and Hospital, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai, India.

Madhav Govind Kalekar,
Department of Biochemistry, Grant Medical College and Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals, Byculla, Mumbai, India.

J. P. Milsee Mol,
Department of Biotechnology, Sinhgad College of Science, Pune, India.

Adinath Narayan Suryakar,
FACBI, Registrar, Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik, India.

Benjamin Tabita,
Department of Dentistry, Grant Medical College and Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals, Byculla, Mumbai, India.

Ravi Vasudev Shirahatti,
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sinhgad Dental College, Pune, India.

Raghavendra Shrishail Medikeri,
Department of Periodontics, Sinhgad Dental College, Pune, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V5/article/view/12179

Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli from Chickens and Humans: One Health Approach | Chapter 6 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 4

 This branch presents the findings of a inclusive study conducted in Trinidad and Tobago to characterize comprehensive-spectrum being tested-lactamase (ESBL) and extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) associated resentment genes in isolates from, chickens and humans. The study was devised as a cross-sectional analysis over a three-temporal length of event or entity's existence period, all the while which a total of 471 isolates were collected and recognized from humans discussed at a regional tertiary ward and chicken caecal samples from "pluck shops" in Trinidad & Tobago. The ESBLs and resentment genes in the isolates were determined utilizing conventional and molecular microbiological means, including polymerase chemical reaction (PCR) analysis. The chapter climaxes the prevalence and allocation of ESBL and virulence-associated genes in the Escherichia coli isolates from two together human and chicken beginnings and discusses their potential implications honestly health. And this is again in keeping with a description of individual health approach to well-being.

Author(s) Details:

Chandrashekhar Unakal,
Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago.

Patrick Eberechi Akpaka,
Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V4/article/view/11975

Detection of HBV DNA in HBsAg Negative Patients | Chapter 4 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 3

 The term "Occult Hepatitis B Infection" (OBI) refers to the steadfastness of hepatitis B viral DNA (HBV DNA) hereditary or liver in the absence of perceptible HBsAg. When it comes to halting HBV transmission in our society, this has become a potential danger. The aim of this study search out identify the HBV genotype(s) connected to OBI in Ibadan, Nigeria, as well as the predominance of the infection. A total of 219 ancestry samples were included in this place study that were previously proven negative for HBsAg using ELISA forms. The HBV DNA in the samples was detected utilizing a nested polymerase chemical reaction.Using descriptive enumerations and the Chi square with a p-worth of 0.05, the data was analysed. There were 102 (46.6% of fellows) and 117 (53.4% of women) players overall (P = 0.204). The participants' ages range from 1 to 70, accompanying the mean age for females being 32.1 age (SD: 12.7) and for men being 33.9 age (SD: 12.4). Participants' clinical environments ranged from those the one were asymptomatic to those who had severe hepatitis disease. A predominance of 0.5% for HBV DNA was found in individual of the 219 samples analysed. The positive sample arose a 30-year-traditional female. Due to inadequate series data, we were sidelined to identify the genotype of the confine. The prevalence of 0.5% OBI in the study provides evidence of mysterious hepatitis B viral distribution in our community. To prevent the spread of the bug through the transfusion of polluted ancestry and blood fruit, blood wholes must be screened utilizing the Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) technique. Increasing public knowledge of HBV vaccination is likewise necessary to decrease the risk that OBI may present.

Author(s) Details:

Akinbobola Ayokunle Adeniyi,
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University College Hospital, Nigeria.

Priscilla O. Olamiju,
Jefferson’s Avenue Gaylord, USA.

Olubunmi Aanu Adeniyi,
Association for Reproductive and Family Health (ARFH), Ibadan, Nigeria.

Stephen Oluwasegun Adetunji,
Department of Microbiology and Infection Services, University Hospitals Sussex, United Kingdom.

Olalekan Ademola Kemiki,
Molecular and Tissue Culture Laboratory, BABCOCK, Nigeria.

Georgina N. Odaibo,
Virology Department, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V3/article/view/10770

Genetic Polymorphism in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | Chapter 12 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

 The present study label the association of VDBP and CYP2R1 deoxyribonucleic acid polymorphisms with source of nourishment D status in women accompanying polycystic ovarian syndrome. The most governing endocrine abnormality between women of generative age is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Hypovitaminosis D may more play a major act in the onset and progress of PCOS. Vitamin D normalizes extracellular calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations, that have an indirect impact on sweet substance metabolism. Little is famous about the role of hereditary variation in source of nourishment D metabolism in PCOS etiology. This clinic-based case–control study was attended in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration accompanying the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjang Hospital (New Delhi, India) from January 2012 to December 2012. One hundred women were inducted from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Of these, 50 women were aged 15–45 age and had been determined with PCOS. Genotyping of Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP) distinct nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs7041 (HaeIII; G>T) and rs4588 (StyI; A>C) and CYP2R1 SNP rs2060793 (HinfI; A>G) was carried out by method of identification of individuals by comparing dna in 50 cases of PCOS that were compared with 50 age-doubled healthy girls. Vitamin D levels were found expected significantly lower in wives with PCOS (p = 0.008) than in age-matched controls. In mothers with a source of nourishment D deficiency (<20 ng/ml), the GT allele of the VDBP SNP rs7041 (p profit =0.04), the VDBP allelic combination Gc1F/1F (T allele of rs4588 and C allele of rs7041) (p advantage =0.03), and the GA allele of the Cytochrome P4502R1 (CYP2R1) SNP rs2060793 (p = 0.05) were associated with an increased risk of evolving PCOS. So, maintaining the rational vitamin D level concede possibility prevent the chance of cultivating PCOS. This work could be extended to added genes related to insulin opposition or metabolic syndrome to finally determine the hereditary factors associated with PCOS.

Author(s) Details:

Bhaskar C. Kabi,
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Manoj Kumar Nandkeoliar,
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Deepa Haldar,
Department of Biochemistry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Thuraya Abdulsalam A. A. Al-Azazi,
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V9/article/view/10425

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of BCSP-31 Gene of Brucella abortus, a Significant Tool in Making Marker and DNA Vaccines from Cases of Bovine Abortion in an Organised Dairy Farm in India | Chapter 6 | Newest Updates in Agriculture and Veterinary Science Vol. 4

 Brucellosis, from abortion in females and orchitis in men along with unproductiveness in both sexes, is an important zoonotic ailment in many developing countries. Isolation of Brucella structure is considered as the gold standard demonstrative method for brucellosis because it is specific and allows biotyping of the segregate, which is appropriate for control of brucellosis through vaccination. This chapter reports the seclusion, identification and microscopic detection of Brucella abortus. Brucella abortus was detected in four dispassionate samples by culture seclusion and was subsequently confirmed by PCR. Molecular description of Brucella abortus BCSP-31 gene (protein that frequently elicits an invulnerable response all along infection and a significant form in making marker and DNA vaccines) was favorably done in this chapter.

Author(s) Details:

Chhabil Singh,
Central Military Veterinary Laboratory (CMVL), Meerut Cantt, Meerut (U.P.), India.

Surender Kumar,
Central Military Veterinary Laboratory (CMVL), Meerut Cantt, Meerut (U.P.), India.

S. B. R. Sagi,
Central Military Veterinary Laboratory (CMVL), Meerut Cantt, Meerut (U.P.), India.

Vikas Thakur,
Central Military Veterinary Laboratory (CMVL), Meerut Cantt, Meerut (U.P.), India.

Amit Kumar,
Central Military Veterinary Laboratory (CMVL), Meerut Cantt, Meerut (U.P.), India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NUAVS-V4/article/view/10112

Identification of Molecular Characteristics of Babesia spp. and Anaplasma marginale in Water Buffaloes: A Retrospective Study from Veracruz and Tabasco, Mexico | Chapter 3 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 3

 The main objective of the study was to discover, with PCR assays and ratify by DNA sequencing of amplified aim genes, the presence of Babesia and Anaplasma sp. in samples from polluted water buffaloes in Veracruz and Tabasco, Mexico. Babesiosis, theileriosis and anaplasmosis are important tick-carried diseases of oxen worldwide containing Kenya. Babesiosis and theileriosis are caused apiece protozoan freeloaders, Babesia and Theileria respectively while anaplasmosis is generated by rickettsial organism popular as Anaplasma. A cross-sectional study was administered in 2017, using a non-probabilistic inspecting method for availability. The total population of water buffaloes from two result units (PU), situated at the municipality of Sayula de Aleman, state of Veracruz, Mexico, were sampled for this study: Veracruz 1 (n = 61) and Veracruz 2 (n = 63). Similarly, the total people of water buffaloes from two production parts (PU), in the municipality of Villahermosa, Tabasco state, Mexico, was sampled for this study: Tabasco 1 (n = 58) and Tabasco 2 (n = 51), for a dignified total of 233 water buffalo samples. Specific genes encrypting the B. bovis rhoptry-associated protein (RAP-1), the B. bigemina SpeI-AvaI limit fragment, and the Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 5 (MSP5) were exaggerated using reside PCR assays. The identities of the hemoparasites were established by equating the nucleotide sequences obtained in this place study with those possible in the GenBank database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) utilizing DNA sequencing and BLASTn analysis for DNA similarity hemoparasite identification. Water confuse infection accompanying at least individual of the hemoparasites under study was discovered in 45% (105/233) of the blood samples, while a assorted infection accompanying B. bovis and B. bigemina was detected in 6.4% (15/233) of samples. For this cross-localized study, mixed contaminations with the three hemoparasites were not discovered. BLASTn analysis disclosed that the nucleotide sequences of the water buffalo isolates joint sequence similarity values ranging from 88 to 100% accompanying previously written gene sequences of B. bovis, B. bigemina, and A. marginale. The judgments of this study manifest that water buffalo are tick-carried hemoparasite carriers, just like oxen, and that they likely play a important role in the community health of bovine babesiosis in Mexico.

Author(s) Details:

José Juan Lira-Amaya,
CENID-Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Carretera Federal Cuernavaca Cuautla No. 8534, Colonia Progreso, Jiutepec, 62550, México.

Rebeca Montserrat Santamaria-Espinosa,
CENID-Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Carretera Federal Cuernavaca Cuautla No. 8534, Colonia Progreso, Jiutepec, 62550, México.

Roberto O. Castañeda-Arriola,
Sitio Experimental Pichucalco, CIRGOC, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Km. 8, Carretera Pichucalco-Teapa, Pichucalco, 86040, México.

Grecia Martínez-García,
CENID-Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Carretera Federal Cuernavaca Cuautla No. 8534, Colonia Progreso, Jiutepec, 62550, México.

Diego J. Polanco-Martínez,
CENID-Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Carretera Federal Cuernavaca Cuautla No. 8534, Colonia Progreso, Jiutepec, 62550, México.

Carmen Rojas-Martínez,
CENID-Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Carretera Federal Cuernavaca Cuautla No. 8534, Colonia Progreso, Jiutepec, 62550, México.

Jesús Ántonio Álvarez-Martínez,
CENID-Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Carretera Federal Cuernavaca Cuautla No. 8534, Colonia Progreso, Jiutepec, 62550, México.

Julio V. Figueroa-Millán,
CENID-Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Carretera Federal Cuernavaca Cuautla No. 8534, Colonia Progreso, Jiutepec, 62550, México.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V3/article/view/9761

Molecular Characterization and Epidemiology of Extended-spectrum-beta-lactamases in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli with Special Attention to CTX-M| Chapter 6 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

 This work shows that novel viruslike mesopore silicazinc group of chemical elements/Ag nanoparticles (SZnOAg) synthesized and professionally composed on NIR laser irradiation accompanying quercetin to improve the removal the mutated virus as a biomedical application. A singular type of silica nanoparticles with a selfinflating tubular surface has existed successfully combined using a novel singlemicelle epitaxial growth process. The characteristics of the nanoparticles can be brought into harmony with respect to their core width, tubular length, and external diameter. Due to their biomimetic presentation, they can rapidly transform living containers into virus-like pieces, this SZnOAg nanomaterial has specific elimination effect on bacteriophage and Covid-19. Using epitaxial development, we can construct bacterium-like structures that maybe used for biomedicine applications. These nanomaterials and NIR ray of light could prepare the way to a new range of antiviral materials, due to the lowefficiency basic uptake of current nanoparticles, their requests in the biomedical field are limited. Herein, it obviously shows that novel mesoporous silica nanoparticles can be easily shown superior cellular rude answer property.

Author(s) Details:

Nitika Anand,
Microbiology Department, I.T.S Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Greater Noida, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V2/article/view/9368

Determination of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Typing an Enterococcus sp.| Chapter 1 | Research Aspects in Biological Science Vol. 8

 The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) method was employed in the current study to classify Enterococcus sp. It was taken out of a hospital in an effort to provide a standardised method for identifying and classifying enterococci. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is a quick and affordable technique to characterise chemical cell characteristics and identify the functional groups present in the cell wall (FTIR). Based on their vibration patterns at various infrared wave numbers, functional groups in organic compounds can be identified using the well-established method of infrared spectroscopy. Due to the advent of vancomycin resistance, Enterococcus species, one of the major causes of nosocomial infections, are difficult to treat. Studies on Enterococcus isolates are essential for epidemiological research. Typing of enterococci frequently involves both genotypic and phenotypic methods. In this study, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used as a novel phenotypic approach for typing Enterococci. FTIR spectroscopy data were compared to results from PCR amplification of the vancomycin gene and tests for antibiotic sensitivity; the study revealed that 6 isolates were positive for the van gene (4 of VanA, 1 of VanB and 1 VanA plus VanB). VanB was shown to be susceptible, but three of VanA and VanA plus VanB were resistant to every antibiotic tested (Ampicillin, Teicoplanin, and Vancomycin). The isolates were classified into 8 groups using FTIR spectroscopy (first derivatives). The remaining 13 Enterococcus isolates were classified into 3 clusters, with 3 groups of VanA (4 isolates), 1 group of VanB (one isolate), and 1 group of VanA + VanB (one isolate). It is possible to identify certain physical and chemical features by examining the numerous molecules and organic substances that make up the cell structure. According to the study, some Enterococci bacterial species produce organic compounds that can be used to identify their species. Because of this, clinical microbiologists believe that FTIR has a lot of potential in this field.

Author(s) Details:

Mohammad I. Abu Taha,
Physics Department, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestinian Territories.

Hatem K. Eideh,
Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestinian Territories.

Sameeh M. Saed,
Iskander Khoury Secondary School, Bethelehem, Palestinian Territories.

Hazem Jaber,
Medical Laboratory, Al-Maqased Hospital, Jerusalem, Palestinian Territories.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RABS-V8/article/view/8190