Observations on Fecundity of Adult Spirometra tapeworm in Relation to Time of Highest Production of Eggs in Experimentally Infected Cats | Chapter 1 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 6

In the life cycle of Spirometra species, the cat is a definitive host. The adult worm develops in the small intestine and starts to discharge eggs in the faeces of the cat. The faeces can be used as a diagnostic material for the infection of a cat with Spirometra. In this study, five cats were used. Each cat was orally fed with the scolex of Spagana obtained from experimentally infected hamsters. Eggs were observed microscopically in the stool of cats.  Egg count using the McMaster slide was initiated from day one of egg production of eggs. Cats started discharging eggs on days 14, 12, 60, 13 and 10 post-infection. The highest number of eggs produced was on days 40, 65, 89, 33 and 25. The number of eggs per gram of faeces for each cat was 1,550, 1,350, 1,565, 1,300 and 1,050. Eggs per day for each cat were 50,220, 41,840, 41,040, 39,650 and 32,445 for Cats A, B, C, D and E, respectively. This study determined the first day the adult worm started discharging eggs, eggs per gram of faeces, the highest number of eggs produced and eggs produced per day.

 

Author(s) Details

Nicholas J. Kavana
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences Ifakara, Tanzania

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v6/3836

 

Detection of Calcareous Corpuscles in Spargana of Spirometra Species by Histological Studies | Chapter 1 | Innovations in Biological Science Vol. 10

Tissues of sparganum of Spirometra (a larval stage) contain mineral concretions termed calcareous corpuscles. These corpuscles serve as a focal deposition of calcium protecting the larvae against calcification. Calcareous corpuscles are believed to form either intracellular or extracellular and the cell type involved, the place of formation and the mechanism of mineral deposition seem to be also diverse. In the present study, histological studies of spargana were made at the light microscope level. It was intended to ascertain if calcareous corpuscles are present in the body of sparganum of Spirometra species. Spargana recovered from naturally infected frogs (R. cancrivora) had thick heads and thin bodies. The result of histological sections of the spargana stained with Haematoxylin-eosin showed calcareous corpuscles which were ovoid in shape and irregularly distributed in the parenchyma of the body of spargana. A total of 13 spargana were measured and the range of length was 11–50 mm and width 0.5–1.5 mm. The mean measurements were 27.6 x 0.9 mm. In conclusion, the spargana of Spirometra species have calcareous corpuscles in the body parenchyma.

 

Author(s) Details

Nicholas J. Kavana

Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ibs/v10/3680G

Experimental Studies on Domestic Cat as a Definitive Host of Spirometra Species | Chapter 4 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 3

In the present study, domestic cats were used to elucidate if they were definitive hosts of Spirometra species. Cats were orally fed with spargana recovered from naturally infected frogs and from experimentally infected hamster mice. The spargana fed to domestic cats developed into adult worms. Eggs discharged by the adult worms were collected from faeces of infected domestic cats. Cats were sacrificed, adult worms were recovered, and measurements and morphology of the worms were taken. All results were compatible with Spirometra species. Therefore, the study confirms that domestic cats are the definitive host of Spirometra species.

 

Author (s) Details

Nicholas J. Kavana
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania.

 

 Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v3/2249

The Occurrence of the Pseudophyllidean, Spirometra Species, in a Tanzanian Dog with a Molecular Approach | Chapter 5 | Contemporary Research and Perspectives in Biological Science Vol. 6

Cestodes of the genus Spirometra are multi-host parasites that are causative agents of spirometrosis in domestic and wild carnivores and sparganosis in humans. In domestic animals, the infection is usually asymptomatic. This study investigated the Spirometra species obtained from a domestic dog from Tanzania. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for molecular identification of Spirometra. The amplicons derived from genomic DNA samples from a single adult worm were subjected to sequencing and compared with that of S. erinaceieuropaei. The gene arrangement in the mt genome sequences of S. erinaceieuropaei from Tanzania is identical. The identity of the mt genomes was 100% between S. erinaceieuropaei from Tanzania. The result of this study does not support earlier conclusions that Tanzanian Spirometra sp. is S. theileri. This is the first report of S. erinaceieuropaei in dogs from Tanzania.

 

Author (s) Details

 

N.J. Kavana
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania and Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences Ifakara, Tanzania.

 

C.J. Kasanga
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania.

 

A.A. Kassuku
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3019, Morogoro, Tanzania.

 

S. Parthasarathy
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Y.L. Lau
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

M.Y. Fong
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

R. Mahmud
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpbs/v6/3107

Preliminary Investigation on Natural Infection of Spirometra Procercoid in Cyclops from Tarangire National Park Tanzania | Chapter 3 | Advanced Research in Biological Science Vol. 4

 A survey was transported on the natural contamination of Spirometra procercoids in Cyclops from water ponds in Tarangire National Park, Tanzania.  Spirometra is an stomach tapeworm of wild and tame carnivores that is to say most commonly visualized in Asian countries. The all-encompassing predominance of Spirometra in reptiles, frogs, dogs and cats has happened reported. The demeanor of procercoids in the corpse cavities of 84 Cyclops captured from ponds in Tarangire National Park was examined. The Cyclops were sedated accompanying carbonated water before being intentional under a compound microscope. Six Cyclops were found to have Spirometra procercoids in their bodily cavities. Procercoids promoted lengthen bodies, calcareous corpuscles, and a smooth material surface. The average length was 101.7m and the breadth was 71.7m. Each contaminated Cyclops only had one procercoid. This is the first report of Spirometra procercoid contamination in a Cyclops from Tanzania. Based to the judgments, Cyclops are the first intermediate hosts in the biological clock of Spirometra species in Tanzania.

Author(s) Details:

Nicholas J. Kavana,
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 175, Ifakara, Tanzania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ARBS-V4/article/view/11972

Culture of Cyclops for Use the First Intermediate Host in Experimental Life Cycle of Spirometra Species: An Experimental Research | Chapter 12 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 9

 Background: Under normal circumstances In the life cycle of Spirometra species, cyclops are the first intermediate hosts.

The purpose of this research is to describe how Cyclops were cultivated in a Tanzanian laboratory from an adult female egg sack Cyclops fed live Paramecium and a stock of Cyclops employed in a Spirometra species life cycle experiment.

Paramecium was first cultured for use as a food source for Cyclops. A sample of water was taken from a pond on the campus of Sokoine University. A swarm of Paramecium was created when 100 mL of water and pre-boiled wheat grains were transferred to a Petri dish and incubated under laboratory conditions for 7 days. In a new Petri dish containing tap water, 0.3 cc of Paramecium suspension, and 4 pre-boiled wheat grains, an adult female egg sack Cyclops from a natural water pond in Tarangire National Park, Tanzania was introduced. The mixture was stored at a temperature of 26-29°C in a laboratory and monitored on a daily basis.

Eggs laid by a single Cyclops hatched into nauplius. The average development time from nauplius I to copepodite I was 1.2 days, copepodite I to adult female Cyclops was 6.9 days, and copepodite I to adult female Cyclops was 26.3 days. The adult male was 846.3 metres long and 284.6 metres wide, whereas naupliusI was 120.2 metres long and 80.0 metres wide. 1 to 8 broods were generated by the mature female (mean 4.3). Cyclops lived for an average of 43.1 days.

Conclusion: In the experimental life cycle of Tanzanian Spirometra species, laboratory-cultured Cyclops were fed Paramecium and served as the first intermediate host.

Author(S) Details

Nicholas Jairo Kavana
St. Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box 175, Ifakara, Tanzania.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V9/article/view/5847