Assessment of Insulin Resistance in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome | Chapter 6 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 8

 

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex, multifactorial endocrine disorder affecting 5%- 10% of all women of reproductive age. Insulin resistance (IR), a subnormal target tissue response to a given amount of insulin, is a common feature, but not a diagnostic criterion of PCOS. Due to the severe consequences PCOS exerts on the health and lifestyle of the affected women and IR adding upon those risks, it is of utmost importance to unravel the intricate pathophysiologic cross-link between PCOS and IR.

 

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the intricate pathophysiologic cross-link between PCOS and IR. To determine if Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) & Glucose insulin ratio (G:I) can be used as a simple marker to identify PCOS patients at risk for Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and Type II diabetes mellitus (DM).

 

Methodology: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Gynaecology & Obstetrics Department, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru. It was done over a period of 6 months from February 2015 to July 2015. The study was conducted with 85 women, 45 PCOS cases (USG diagnosed) and 40 controls (with regular menstrual cycle) in the age group of 20-40 years. Insulin resistance indices, namely, Fasting Insulin, Glucose insulin ratio (G:I) and Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) were calculated from the values of Fasting blood sugar and fasting Insulin estimated by Chemiluminiscence immunoassay. Cases and controls were further subdivided based on age as Group I (20-30 yrs) and Group II (31-40 yrs).

 

Results: Fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, G:I and HOMA were significantly higher (P = 0.0137, 0.0018, 0.0475 and 0.0047, respectively) in cases than in controls. IR was found in 31 out of 45 (68.88%) by the G:I ratio, 26 out of 45 (57.77%) cases by HOMA (<2.5) and 15 out of 45 (33.33%) by Fasting Insulin. There was no significant difference between cases and controls with respect to age, BMI and waist circumference (P = 0.7342, 0.3538 and 0.4841, respectively). When the cases were subdivided, BMI was significantly higher (P 0.0001) in Group II as compared to Group I. IR markers like Fasting insulin, and HOMA were higher in Group I compared to Group II, but not statistically significant.

 

Conclusion: Fasting Insulin, HOMA and G:I can be used as a simple, practical and effective marker to identify PCOS patients who are at risk of Type II DM. The data suggests that patients having Fasting Insulin > 20 IU, HOMA >2.5 & G:I < 4.5 should be closely monitored and considered as high risk for Type II DM. Since this study was cross-sectional, a longitudinal study as a prospective cohort study, is needed to evaluate the predictive value of HOMA and G:I ratios for future development of IGT and type II diabetes in PCOS patients. Additionally, as the research was conducted at a single centre with a small sample size, future studies should involve larger, multicenter cohorts to further explore the intricate pathophysiologic relationship between PCOS and insulin resistance.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Montey Naruka
Department of Biochemistry, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India.

 

S. M. R. Usha
Department of Biochemistry, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India.

 

B. M. Rupakala
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India.

 

P. Vijaya Lakshmi
Department of Biochemistry, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v8/6710

 

Genetic Polymorphism in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome | Chapter 12 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 9

 The present study label the association of VDBP and CYP2R1 deoxyribonucleic acid polymorphisms with source of nourishment D status in women accompanying polycystic ovarian syndrome. The most governing endocrine abnormality between women of generative age is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Hypovitaminosis D may more play a major act in the onset and progress of PCOS. Vitamin D normalizes extracellular calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations, that have an indirect impact on sweet substance metabolism. Little is famous about the role of hereditary variation in source of nourishment D metabolism in PCOS etiology. This clinic-based case–control study was attended in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration accompanying the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjang Hospital (New Delhi, India) from January 2012 to December 2012. One hundred women were inducted from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Of these, 50 women were aged 15–45 age and had been determined with PCOS. Genotyping of Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP) distinct nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs7041 (HaeIII; G>T) and rs4588 (StyI; A>C) and CYP2R1 SNP rs2060793 (HinfI; A>G) was carried out by method of identification of individuals by comparing dna in 50 cases of PCOS that were compared with 50 age-doubled healthy girls. Vitamin D levels were found expected significantly lower in wives with PCOS (p = 0.008) than in age-matched controls. In mothers with a source of nourishment D deficiency (<20 ng/ml), the GT allele of the VDBP SNP rs7041 (p profit =0.04), the VDBP allelic combination Gc1F/1F (T allele of rs4588 and C allele of rs7041) (p advantage =0.03), and the GA allele of the Cytochrome P4502R1 (CYP2R1) SNP rs2060793 (p = 0.05) were associated with an increased risk of evolving PCOS. So, maintaining the rational vitamin D level concede possibility prevent the chance of cultivating PCOS. This work could be extended to added genes related to insulin opposition or metabolic syndrome to finally determine the hereditary factors associated with PCOS.

Author(s) Details:

Bhaskar C. Kabi,
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Manoj Kumar Nandkeoliar,
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Deepa Haldar,
Department of Biochemistry, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Thuraya Abdulsalam A. A. Al-Azazi,
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V9/article/view/10425

Value of Insulin Resistance Indices for Detecting Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients: A Case-control Cross Sectional Study| Chapter 1 | Current Overview on Disease and Health Research Vol. 8

 Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is from an increased ovarian and androgen birth control method secretion. Insulin opposition is thought expected a high risk in PCOS victims (IR). IR is a symptom of PCOS that involves impaired hydrogen tolerance and raised insulin production. The HOMA-IR test measures level of glucose in blood and insulin levels to assess insulin opposition. Other indices for deciding IR are the quantitative insulin sense check index (QUICKI) and the McAuley index. In order to ascertain the IR with PCOS participants, the HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and McAuley index were secondhand in this study. There were 62 colleagues in this case-control cross-divided study who categorized in age from 20 to 40. They were split into two groups, Group A, which contained 31 healthy, age-doubled female participants, and Group B, that included 31 PCOS subjects who had existed analyzed using Rotterdam tests. Utilizing HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and the McAuley index, IR was evaluated similarly the examined biochemical dossier. Student t-test, ROC curve, and bivariate regression reasoning were carried out for mathematical analysis. This study establish that a rise in BMI was associated with an raised probability of cultivating PCOS. Fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles—all sustain HDL-C—were all noticeably greater in PCOS patients. The HOMA-IR was severely elevated when in fact the QUICKI and McAuley's indexes were significantly curbed in PCOS patients, displaying a higher risk of IR growth. The chance of developing IR in PCOS inmates increases by 86.25% when HOMA-IR levels rise compared to the additional indexes, according to unrefined odds that were supposed. However, QUICKI and the McAuley index can also be used to forecast risk. HOMA-IR has a better predictive% of expanding IR in PCOS persons.

Author(s) Details:

B. Gayathri,
SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur – 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

T. Dixit Sweety Saral,
SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur – 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

S. Aishwarya,
SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur – 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

P. Renuka,
SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur – 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

V. M. Vinodhini,
SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur – 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

M. Anuradha,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SRM Medical College Hospital And Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur – 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CODHR-V8/article/view/9025

Lead Identification from the Phytoconstituents of Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce for the Treatment of PCOS: A Computational Approach| Chapter 6 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1

 The purpose of these computational microscopic docking experiments search out examine the efficacy of phytocomponents from Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce against CYP17. Hyperinsulinemia, weekly abnormalities, incessant metabolic disturbances, and hyperandrogenism are the hallmarks of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The substance causing chemicals to split into simpler substances CYP17 (P450c17) stimulates androgen result in the adrenal glands and ovaries. The major cause of hyperandrogenism is an increase in the activity concerning this enzyme. Ovarian theca containers can be shielded from producing excessive androgen by blocking the enzyme project responsible for this process. The ethanolic extract of C. fruticosa's flying parts has been resolved by GC-MS, and it contains twenty various chemicals, according to the written literature. Using Schrodinger Glide spreadsheet, the reported twenty compounds were assign a molecular anchoring investigation against CYP17. These findings were distinguished to the docked score of the generative medication clomiphene citrate. An hindrance range of -3.3 to -7.9 was observed across all 20 drugs. The docking scores of -7.9 and -6.8 for androstan-3-individual and 17-hydroxy-2, 4-dimethyl and 3-trifluoroacetoxypentadecane, respectively, signify potent hindrance. The findings accompanied that chemicals in C. fruticosa may restrict the activity of an something which incites activity CYP17. The experimental systems used to identify the creative medicine for infertility are lighted by this research.

Author(s) Details:

M. Amudha,
Department of Pharmaceutics, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul-624005, Tamil Nadu, India.

S. Rani,
Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

P. Parasuraman,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore- 560054, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V1/issue/view/892

Determining the Relationship between Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome and Vitamin D Levels in Obese and Non Obese Women | Chapter 5 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 14

 PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) is a prevalent endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. The usual trifecta of PCOS symptoms is chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Insulin resistance and metabolic disorders are among its biological features. In addition to its traditional roles in bone and calcium metabolism, vitamin D is now connected to insulin sensitivity, diabetes mellitus type 2 and gonadal activity. Vitamin D could be the missing piece in the puzzle of insulin resistance and PCOS.

Vitamin D levels in PCOS women are low, and vitamin D supplementation may help with the condition. However, clinical trials have not consistently supported this idea.

The connection between PCOS and vitamin D was investigated in a rural medical college in south India. 120 women with PCOS and 60 age-matched non-PCOS women had their BMI and vitamin D levels tested. In 60.8 percent of PCOS women and 61.7 percent of control women, vitamin D insufficiency was identified. Vitamin D levels are higher than 30 ng/ml in just 11.7 percent of the PCOS group and 13.3 percent of the control group. Vitamin D levels were 18.94, 19.2, and 18.6 ng/ml in 120 PCOS women, 68 non-obese PCOS women, and 52 obese PCOS women, respectively. Vitamin D levels are 18.4, 19.0, and 17.3 ng/ml in 60 non-PCOS women, 39 non-PCOS non-obesity women, and 21 non-PCOS obese women, respectively. These differences aren't significant statistically. As a result, it is determined that vitamin insufficiency is prevalent in the general population and has no bearing on PCOS or BMI.

Author(S) Details

Alla Satyanarayana Reddy
Vinayaka Mission`s Research Foundation (DU), Karaikal, Pondicherry, India.

G. Ambujam
Vinayaka Mission`s Research Foundation (DU), Karaikal, Pondicherry, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V14/article/view/4983

Study on Phytoestrogen and Gut Micro-Biome Composition of Women with PCOS | Chapter 9 | Recent Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

 PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) is a prevalent endocrine condition that affects up to 15% of women in their reproductive years. Clinical symptoms of affected women include ovulatory failure, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and obesity. Although the aetiology of PCOS is still unknown, various research investigations have shown that genetic and lifestyle variables have a role in its development. However, the specific pathophysiology of the disease must be established. The gut microbiota has a significant impact on human health. Women with PCOS have been found to have a dysbiotic gut microbiome and changed gut microbiome makeup. Phytoestrogen, for example, is a plant-derived nutritional bioactive molecule that has a structure and function similar to oestrogen hormone. It helps to relieve the symptoms of PCOS without having any negative side effects, such as improving ovulation and lowering blood glucose levels. It also improves the composition of the gut microbiome by enhancing alpha and beta diversity. The major goal of this chapter is to look into the numerous studies that have been done on the relationship between phytoestrogens, PCOS, and gut microbiome makeup.

Author(S) Details

K. Gayathri
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Allied Health Science, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai-116, India.

V. Supriya
Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Allied Health Science, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai-116, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMR-V12/article/view/4675

An Overview on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) | Chapter 2 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 PCOS, or polycystic ovarian syndrome, is one of the most common female endocrine disorders, affecting 6-15 percent of women. PCOS causes hormonal imbalances and metabolism issues in women, which can have an impact on their overall health and attractiveness. Although insulin resistance is not invariably present, androgen excess and insulin resistance are now acknowledged to be responsible for much of the phenotypic appearance. It's marked by an irregular menstrual cycle and acne, and it's linked to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A prospective window of opportunity to avoid the risk of related consequences exists when PCOS is managed effectively. The treatment aims to address (IR), hyperandrogenism's consequences, irregular menstruation, and infertility in general. The genesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of polycystic ovarian syndrome are the focus of this review paper.

Author (s) Details

Dr. C. Muhas
Department of Pharmacy Practice, KTN College of Pharmacy, Chalavara, Palakkad, Kerala, India.

Dr. K. M. Nishad
Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Salafiya Pharmacy College, Pulikkal, Kerala, India.

Prof (Dr), P. P. Naseef
Department of Pharmaceutics, Moulana College of Pharmacy, Perintalmanna, Kerala, India.

K. Abdul Vajid
Department of Pharmaceutics, Moulana College of Pharmacy, Perintalmanna, Kerala, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V6/article/view/1702