Characterizing Pain in Varicocele and the Impact of Varicocelectomy: A Single-Center Prospective Study | Chapter 3 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 6

Introduction: Varicocele is found in up to 15-20% of young males. Although asymptomatic in most cases, it can present with pain, infertility, testicular atrophy, or visible swelling. Despite, some studies supporting the role of varicocelectomy in pain relief, current guidelines do not mention pain as an indication for surgery. Therefore, the application of varicocelectomy in pain relief remains somewhat controversial.

 

Aim: The aim of the study is to analyze the characteristics of pain in patients with varicocele and the outcome of varicocelectomy surgeries on pain perception.

 

Patient and Methods: In a 14-month period, 36 consecutive patients with pain secondary to varicocele were prospectively enrolled in this study and underwent varicocelectomy. History, physical exam, detailed explanation and scoring of pain, scrotal ultrasound, and semen analysis were evaluated before and after surgery. Pain details were assessed through a patient questionnaire which included questions about the type of pain, its location, and exacerbating and relieving factors. The severity of pain was then scored by patients based on an analog numerical scale that corresponded to their level of pain. Varicocele grading was performed based on the World Health Organization (WHO) grading scale for varicoceles. Patients were followed for one year after surgery.

 

Results: Thirty of 36 patients completed the study with appropriate follow-up visits. Patients were 17- to 34-years-old (mean 24.5±4). In 57% of patients, pain was the only presenting symptom. Pain was described as sharp in 11 (36%), burning in 5 (17%), dull in 4 (13%), and vague and hard to explain in 10 patients (33%). Pain most commonly was experienced in scrotum, inguinal, and lower abdominal area. After surgery, 12 patients (40%) had complete relief of pain. Seven patients (23%) had significant relief; seven patients (23%) had moderate relief. Overall, 26 patients (87%) had moderate (more than 50%) to complete pain relief (P<0.005). Four patients had minimal or no improvement in pain after surgery.

 

Conclusion: Pain related to varicocele is mainly experienced in the scrotum, inguinal, and lower abdominal area. Varicocelectomy completely or significantly resolves the pain in up to 86% of patients.

 

Limitations: This prospective study has some limitations, including a small sample size and lack of representation across multiple institutions, both of which limit generalizability. Moreover, the subjective nature of pain makes analyzing the benefit of varicocelectomy less consistent among patients. Finally, the association between varicocele grade and severity of pain was not investigated.

 

 

Author (s) Details

Majid Mirzazadeh
Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA.

 

Rasadokht Forati
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Fernandino Vilson
Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.

 

Marc Colaco
Department of Urology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA.

 

 

Please see the book here: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v6/1229

Xanthogranulomatous Endometritis: A Rare Case with Infertility | Chapter 10 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 6

 Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a distinguished histopathological entity affecting several organs, most commonly involving the kidney and gall bladder. The most common symptoms of xanthogranulomatous endometritis are irregular coporrhagia, discharge, cervical stenosis and pyometra. It is commonly mistaken for malignancy clinicoradiologically, and therefore, histopathological examination is of utmost importance. Only a small number of cases of xanthogranulomatous endometritis (XGE) have been reported in the literature so far. Microscopic examination shows sheets of foamy histiocytes along with other inflammatory cells on H&E stained sections. This study presents a case of a 31-year-old female with a complaint of inability to conceive for 3 years and having a history of previous 3 tubal pregnancies. Hysteroscopy examination reveals fluffy endometrium and patent bilateral fornices with normal cervical mucosa. Dilatation and curettage were done and sent for histopathological examination, and a diagnosis of Xanthogranulomatous Endometritis was made. As XGE is a rare inflammatory disease, awareness of this lesion is necessary for both the gynaecologist and pathologist and should be kept in differential diagnosis in the cases of infertility.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rani E.
GGSMCH Faridkot, Punjab, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v6/4655   

Basics of Infertility | Book Publisher International

Infertility is a global health problem and is often neglected. The incidence of infertility is rising because of late marriages, job problems and lifestyle diseases.

It is defined as the inability to become pregnant after one year of unprotected intercourse. It can be primary, secondary or unexplained.

Infertility can be due to male factors, female factors or combined. In females, there can be PCOS, Endometriosis, Pelvic inflammatory disease, uterine anomalies, and ovarian failure. In males, it can be azoospermia and oligaestenia. The baseline investigations include semen analysis, hormone profile (LH, FSH, TSH, PROLACTIN, AMH) and follicular scan. Hysterosalpingography is done for the tubal patency test. Hysteroscopy and laparoscopy are done for tubal patency and uterine anomalies.

The management of infertility ranges from simple counseling to advanced techniques like invitro fertilization and ICSI. The treatment should be individualized for every patient.

Treatment of infertility is costly and financial aspects should be informed to patients in a very transparent manner. The medical aspect of infertility treatment is very important because it involves the human embryo.

Informed written consent and preferably video consent should be taken. The consent form should be signed by both partners and also witness.

The infertile couple waste lots of money and time in treatment. So proper time referral to an infertility centre is very important. 

Author (s) Details

Milad MohammedzadehAsl
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, India.

 

Anjali Rani
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, India.

 

Nisha Rani Agarwal
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48388-79-7

Hysterosalpingography: An Affordable Stepping Stone of Infertility Treatment | Chapter 6 | Novel Research Aspects in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 The basic goal of this research search out quantitatively analyze the connection between aberrant HSG results and unproductiveness outcomes in our consumers. This study intends to reaffirm and stress the significance concerning this method of inquiry and allure enormous advantage in our routine practice of treating infertile couples, specifically in environments accompanying limited resources. Infertility is a important morbidity for couples across all age groups and organizations. Infertility is a common reproductive well-being problem outlined as the failure to achieve a gestation after individual year of unprotected, orderly sexual intercourse (in accordance with World Health Organization). Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a basic investigation for an young lady. We determined the findings and outcome of HSG over individual year at our after second care centers.  Bilateral patent fallopian tubes and normal uterine cavity were the universal finding. Pain was the low complication in the procedure. Going for demonstrative Hystero-laparoscopic was the commonest surgical invasion following HSG. Starting ATT was the commonest medicine invasion. ART Treatment involved offset intrauterine insemination cycle following HSG. Spontaneous understanding was a welcome outcome in a picked subset of patients. HSG is a cheap, OPD-based curious method. It is a useful test for deciding infertility, specifically in environments with restricted resources. It is a beginning in directing additional cure for an infertile couple. A timely and well-exposed video can support a wealth of news on the treatment choices for this ailment.

Author(s) Details:

Shahla Yazdani Abraham,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Command Hospital Air Force, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Deepak Patil,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Command Hospital Air Force, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Sujoy Mitra,
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Command Hospital Air Force, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NRAMMS-V6/article/view/12143

Advances in in silico Technologies and Their Applications: Special Attention to Drug Development, Vaccine Design, and Molecular Mimicry | Chapter 8 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 6

 In silico electronics have revolutionized protein research and drug development by permissive efficient study and design of potential therapeutics. These methods, containing sequence databases, similarity modeling, and molecular hooking up, play a crucial role in investigating protein structure, function, and interplay. Protein databases provide a wealth of candidly available news, while homology modeling calls protein structures by leveraging similarities accompanying known makeups. Molecular docking allows for the study of fragment interactions, specifically in drug design. Moreover, these techniques aid in epitope prediction and realistic vaccine design, speeding the development of targeted vaccines. Additionally, in silico orders contribute to the understanding of molecular impersonation in autoimmune diseases and unproductiveness by identifying shared antigenic cause between pathogens and host proteins. This item aims to discuss the impact of in silico techniques on drug finding, vaccine design, and the understanding of molecular impersonation, including allure role in human unproductiveness through the elucidation of microscopic mimicry between human spermatozoa and microorganisms.

Author(s) Details:

Anshika Sharma,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.

Ishwerpreet Kaur Jawanda,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.

Thomson Soni,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.

Garima Upadhyay,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.

Anurag Shama,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.

Vijay Prabha,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V6/article/view/11343

Applying Different Innovative Ideas in Reduction of Post-operative Adhesion Formation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | Chapter 8 | New Advances in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 7

 Development of adhesions is ultimate common significance of intra-abdominal and pelvic enucleation and a significant, still poorly recognizable, reason of melancholy in post-operative patients.. Use of ‘good surgical technique’and use of PRP (red body fluid rich plasma) is recommmended as a earlier step in stop of adhesions. However, confirmation is needed for the evidence for various surgical techniques to defeat adhesion establishment. This review add to the expanding pool of information by illuminating determinants that certainly influence the incident of adhesions.The PubMed database was used to conduct a search for all suitable English-language items in the literature, which were therefore evaluated accompanying a focus on the risk determinants for the development of post-operative adhesions. Each item's reference lists were further examined to find some additional pertinent everything.A new ray of predict adhesion stop in the form of plasma rich protein (PRP) is good option. Various determinants have been proved to directly exaggerate the risk of post-operative adhesion growth; namely, sure genetic polymorphisms in the interleukin-1 receptor foe, increased estrogen exposure, and endometriosis. In addition, many determinants are known to improve the chance of fibrosis, thereby growing the possibility of adhesion incident concomitantly.28 documents with 27 studies have existed included for a systematic review. Of these, 17 studies were worthy for meta-analysis and 11 for subjective assessment only. The predominance of adhesive small bowel obstacle was not significantly decreased by any of the techniques that were distinguished. The rate of pregnancy raised following subserous fixation of stitching knots in a small, low-quality trial. However, distinguished to open surgery, laparoscopic abscission had a lower incidence of adhesions (relative risk (RR) 0.14; 95% assurance interval (CI): 0.03-0.61) and non-peritoneal closure (RR 0.36; 95% CI: 0.21-0.63).The essay reviewed in this place paper will help to explicit future research in understanding of the mechanisms that focus on the connection of certain determinants with incident of adhesions. This information will be important in the plotting appropriate preventative and situation techniques.None of the distinguishing techniques that were compared were smart to lower the two chief grip-related dispassionate consequences, small bowel obstacle and infertility. The meta-study contributes little evidence for the surgical law that usage of fewer obtrusive techniques, launch of fewer offshore bodies or causing slight ischaemia decrease the range and severity of adhesions. Platelet-rich red body fluid has a diminishing effect on the postoperative peritoneal adhesions in rats.

Author(s) Details:

Rekha Rani,
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, S.N.M.C., Agra, India.

Shikha Singh,
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, S.N.M.C., Agra, India.

Urvashi,
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, S.N.M.C., Agra, India.

Ruchika Garg,
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, S.N.M.C., Agra, India.

Neelam Singh,
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, S.N.M.C., Agra, India.

Sangita Sahu,
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, S.N.M.C., Agra, India.

Monica Golani,
Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, S.N.M.C., Agra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAMMS-V7/article/view/11038

Impact of Periodontal Disease on Overall Health | Chapter 1 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10

 Periodontitis is a never-ending inflammatory condition caused by a assorted microbial infection. It is the consequence of complicated interactions 'tween bacteria and susceptible hosts.  The release of supporting-inflammatory cytokines leads to a inferior systemic inflammation that has an effect on the integral status of the patient. Periodontitis has happened associated with several intrinsic conditions like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, unfavorable pregnancy effects and respiratory infections. In current years, the relationship of periodontitis and fundamental health has existed explored by numerous analysts and it has expanded the skylines of periodontal medicine. This chapter focuses on the effect of periodontitis on unproductiveness, red blood cell parameters, incessant kidney affliction, cancer and mortality. Substantial research displays that oral health is an main component of general well-being, and individuals with periodontitis can be at risk for different diseases as well.

Author(s) Details:

Prashanth Balakesavan,
Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Maharashtra, India.

Sneha R. Gokhale,
Periodontology and Implantology, M.A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Vijay Deshmukh,
Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Maharashtra, India.

Ray C. Williams,
Periodontology, Dean of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University and School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V10/article/view/10672

Lead Identification from the Phytoconstituents of Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce for the Treatment of PCOS: A Computational Approach| Chapter 6 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 1

 The purpose of these computational microscopic docking experiments search out examine the efficacy of phytocomponents from Cadaba fruticosa (L.) Druce against CYP17. Hyperinsulinemia, weekly abnormalities, incessant metabolic disturbances, and hyperandrogenism are the hallmarks of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The substance causing chemicals to split into simpler substances CYP17 (P450c17) stimulates androgen result in the adrenal glands and ovaries. The major cause of hyperandrogenism is an increase in the activity concerning this enzyme. Ovarian theca containers can be shielded from producing excessive androgen by blocking the enzyme project responsible for this process. The ethanolic extract of C. fruticosa's flying parts has been resolved by GC-MS, and it contains twenty various chemicals, according to the written literature. Using Schrodinger Glide spreadsheet, the reported twenty compounds were assign a molecular anchoring investigation against CYP17. These findings were distinguished to the docked score of the generative medication clomiphene citrate. An hindrance range of -3.3 to -7.9 was observed across all 20 drugs. The docking scores of -7.9 and -6.8 for androstan-3-individual and 17-hydroxy-2, 4-dimethyl and 3-trifluoroacetoxypentadecane, respectively, signify potent hindrance. The findings accompanied that chemicals in C. fruticosa may restrict the activity of an something which incites activity CYP17. The experimental systems used to identify the creative medicine for infertility are lighted by this research.

Author(s) Details:

M. Amudha,
Department of Pharmaceutics, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul-624005, Tamil Nadu, India.

S. Rani,
Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India.

P. Parasuraman,
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore- 560054, Karnataka, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V1/issue/view/892

An Update on Etiology and Detection of Anti-sperm Antibodies in Males and Females | Chapter 9 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 6

 Both men and females produce anti-sperm antibodies (ASAs). Numerous pieces of evidence point to the possibility that at least some antibodies that attach to sperm antigens might result in sterility in humans and other mammals. Varicocele, cryptorchidism, certain viral and/or inflammatory illnesses of the male reproductive tract (MRT), and homosexuality have all been put up as potential risk factors for the development of ASAs in males. Up until recently, theories for the origin of sperm immunity in females have included cross-reactivity with microbial antigens, the potential participation of antibody idiotypes, and interferon gamma-mediated potentiation of antisperm immune response in women whose male partners had ASAs in their semen. Although a correlation between these risk factors and the development of ASAs has been shown in a number of studies, this connection is still debatable, indicating that our understanding of these disorders is incomplete. In order to determine the likely risk factors for the development and detection of ASAs, this chapter analyses the existing research.

Author(s) Details:

. Divya,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.

Thomson Soni,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.

Ishwerpreet Kaur Jawanda,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.

Renu Jaiswal,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.

Harkeerat Kaur,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.

Vijay Prabha,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V6/article/view/7249

Hysteroscopy and 3D Ultrasound for Diagnosing Uterine Cavity Abnormalities: A Comparative Study | Chapter 03 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7

 Hysterosalpingography (HSG), Trans Vaginal Ultrasonography (TVS), Sonohysterography (SHG), and Hysteroscopy can all be used to evaluate the uterine cavity. Endometrial polyps, submucous myomas, intrauterine adhesions, endometritis, and uterine septum anomalies can cause abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in the form of menorrhagia or metrorrhagia, as well as infertility. As a result, excluding intrauterine disease is critical for treating irregular uterine bleeding and infertility.

In patients with abnormal uterine haemorrhage and infertility, compare the diagnostic accuracy and efficacy of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography (3D-TVS) with hysteroscopy in detecting uterine cavity abnormalities.

From January 2018 to February 2019, an observational prospective study was undertaken in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at the Institute of Kidney Disease & Research Centre, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.

Material and Methods: A prospective study of 200 patients with abnormal uterine haemorrhage and infertility was conducted. The main complaint of 100 patients was abnormal uterine bleeding, while the main complaint of 100 patients was infertility. In the mid to late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, 2D Transvaginal Ultrasonography was conducted, followed by 3D Ultrasonography and hysteroscopy. The characteristics and anomalies of the uterine cavity were identified.

Numbers and percentages were used to present qualitative data. The chi-square test was used to estimate group comparisons. Hysteroscopy detected abnormal findings in 32.5 percent of patients, while 3D Ultrasonography detected abnormal findings in 20% of patients. It was considered significant if the probability value (p value) was less than 0.01. On hysteroscopy, 14 percent of patients had endometrial polyps, compared to 7.5 percent on 3D Ultrasonography, with a p-value of 0.04.

Conclusion: Hysteroscopy is a safe and effective method for evaluating benign endometrial lesions and providing direct sight of the uterine interior. In a select circumstances, it allows for simultaneous therapy or biopsy operations, whereas 3D USG is a non-invasive tool for basic uterine and adnexal examination.

Author(S) Details

Rohina Aggarwal
Department Of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Institute of Kidney disease & Research Centre, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.

Vineet Mishra
Department Of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Institute of Kidney disease & Research Centre, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NHMMR-V7/article/view/6661

A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study on Diet and Women Fertility | Chapter 16 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 16

The purpose of this study was to see how diet and eating habits affect women's fertility.

Materials and Procedures: This research was carried out in Baghdad's seven distinct institutes and hospitals between January and September 2014. The participants were divided into two groups of 400 adult women ranging in age from 17 to 47 years. In group I, there were 300 fertile women and 100 infertile women. For data collection, a special questionnaire was created and employed.

The infertile and control groups were found to have a substantial difference in weight and body mass index (BMI). The average weights of the infertile and control groups were 73.07 kg and 69.06 kg, respectively, with a mean BMI of 28.83 kg and 26.70 kg for the infertile and control groups, respectively. Infertile women also drank more carbonated beverages, tea, chicken, and fish than the control group, while eating less milk and red meat. In addition, the infertile group consumed less corn oil and olive oil than the control group (5 and 0% vs. 21 and 2%, respectively), but consumed more solid fat and mixed fat (2 and 6 percent vs 0 and 2.7 percent , respectively).

Conclusion: While there are treatments for infertility, their high cost and high frequency of side effects have led researchers to investigate dietary factors that may contribute to infertility. The link between weight, BMI, and infertility was verified in this investigation. Diet was identified as one of the modifiable risk factors that may affect fertility in the current study's selected groups; as a result, it is critical to place a greater emphasis on the role of diet in women's fertility and raise women's awareness of it, as well as suggesting more educational programmes at the primary health care level.

Author (S) Details

Hayder G. Oufi
Department of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq.

Ruaa E. Alabd
Department of Family Medicine, Al-Zawiya Primary Health Care Center, Al-Rusafa Health Directorate, Baghdad, Iraq.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V16/article/view/3802

Varicocele: Anatomical Background and Uroradiological Aspects | Chapter 14 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 The dilation of the pampiniform plexuses is known as varicocele. It's a treatable infertility condition. Infertile men have a greater rate of infertility, ranging from 35 to 80 percent. Although several processes have been proposed for the development of varicocele, oxidative stress, testicular hypoperfusion, and heat stress are the pathogenic mechanisms through which varicocele causes sperm failure.

The intricacy of the venous drainage of the scrotum and its contents, as well as the criss-crossing of the veins, adds to the complexity of the thermo-regulatory process regulating spermatogenesis. The Cremaster and Dartos considerably contribute in the facilitation of the scrotal wall's thermo-regulatory system, which is the anatomical basis of oligospermia in varicocele patients.

Urological aspects: In addition to a noticeable change in seminal parameters, varicocelectomy has been shown to boost serum testosterone levels and improve erectile and ejaculatory function. The reasons for varicocelectomy receive more support and proof as we obtain a better understanding of the pathophysiology of varicocele and the roles of gene polymorphisms and reactive oxygen species.

Conclusions: In the future, a thorough understanding of the events that occur at the molecular level, rather than varicocelectomy, may move the treatment focus from varicocelectomy to molecular focused medicines.

Author (S) Details

Kalpana Ramachandran
Department of Anatomy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.

Sriram Krishnamoorthy
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V8/article/view/3117

Fertile Period Awareness Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice in Infertile Couples Seeking Fertility Assistance: A Cross-sectional Study | Chapter 15 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 4

 Background: One of the most distressing situations a marriage can experience is infertility. Medical procedures may worsen anxiety, despair, tension, loss of self-esteem, remorse, and bereavement in these couples. According to several studies, the majority of cases of infertility are due to a physiological cause in the male or female. Poor fertile period awareness among couples seeking help at infertility clinics has been found to be a contributing factor of infertility in previous studies. The true practises and attitudes of this group of patients regarding reproductive awareness are unknown, and they must be researched.

The goal of this paper is to describe the results of a study on fertile period awareness, including knowledge, attitudes, and practises among infertile couples seeking fertility treatment. This is a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire. Couples who visited the infertility clinic at Smt Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital in Pune were part in the trial, which spanned six months from June to December 2017.

Results: A total of 246 questionnaires were sent out out of a total of 280 (response rate =87.8%). In their attempts at conception, 60% of people (n=147) thought they had timed intercourse during the fertile window of the menstrual cycle, but only 36% (n=52) could pinpoint this window.

Despite the fact that 23% of the study participants (n=56) had previously undergone therapy, 50% were unaware of the fertile window. Only 15% (n=38) of the 246 couples were actually practising fertile period due to a variety of causes, and the rest were unaware of or did not rely on the concept of fertile period. When they first report difficulty conceiving to their doctor, over 94 percent of them believe they should get fertility-awareness education.

Conclusion: Most couples seeking infertility treatment were unaware of the fertile window of the menstrual cycle, and only a few were able to pinpoint it accurately, implying that a lack of fertility awareness could be a contributing factor in infertility.

Author (S) Details

Shilpa P. Kshrisagar
Smt Kashibai Navale Medical College & General Hospital, Pune, India.

Arti S. Shirsath
Smt Kashibai Navale Medical College & General Hospital, Pune, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V4/article/view/2894

Study on Leiomyoma in the Space of Retzius | Chapter 11 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

 Although leiomyomas are the most prevalent benign tumour in reproductive-age females, clinical diagnosis of them, particularly extrauterine leiomyomas, is difficult. The retzius space is one such area where they are frequently asymptomatic. Minor problems such as pain in the lower abdomen, urinary difficulties, pelvic mass, and infertility are common. Only a few cases of extrauterine leiomyoma have been recorded in the literature thus far, making therapy difficult.

Author (S) Details

Shweta
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Shaheen Anjum
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Zehra Mohsin
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Afzal Anees
Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim Universit, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V2/article/view/2684

Cytogenetic Abnormalities Found in Patients with Infertility and Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions | Chapter 17 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 14

 The main goal of this study was to find out how often chromosomal aberration is in infertile couples and what forms of chromosomal aberration they have. Infertility and first-trimester pregnancy loss are common problems for many couples, and the major reason they look into it is their chromosomes. Due to infertility or a higher incidence of spontaneous abortions, 266 couples visited the Center for Genetics of the Medical Faculty-University of Sarajevo for chromosomal cytogenetic examination. Each couple was given a karyotype using the GTG procedure and lymphocyte cultures from peripheral blood. In total, 15 out of 266 couples had chromosomal abnormalities (9 percent ). Couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions (107), and couples with infertility (159), were classified by primary diagnoses. Four males and one female were discovered to have chromosomal alterations in the first group, while seven females and three males were found to have chromosomal changes in the second. The major cause of infertility and recurring spontaneous abortions was structural and numerical chromosomal alterations, which did not differ from relevant updated references from other nations. The incidence and distribution of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with recurrent miscarriage and infertility are depicted in this study. Before deciding on further reproductive options, couples with an atypical karyotype should undergo genetic testing and counselling.

Author (S) Details

Mirela Mackic-Durovic
Center for Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Dunja Rukavina
Department of Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V14/article/view/2568

Study on Reproductive Disorders in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations and Prevention | Chapter 9 | Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 1

 The rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has drew the attention of medical researchers. MetS aetiology, effects, and prevention must all be researched in order to better medical care for patients with this disease, which is also a major societal issue. The goal of the study is to uncover the underlying causes of reproductive abnormalities in patients with metabolic syndrome, as well as the impact of lifestyle in preventing bad reproductive outcomes. Methods: Contextual searches were conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and WHO recommendations as well as the advice of key European and American associations on the management of individuals with diabetes. The pathophysiology, clinical symptoms, consequences, and prevention of reproductive problems and infertility in MetS and obese patients were investigated. Reduced testosterone levels, decreased sperm fertility, and erectile dysfunction were reported to be the most common reproductive problems in males with MetS. Metabolic problems in women with MetS can result in infertility, menstrual irregularities, premature birth, and births of children with congenital defects. Conclusions: Reproductive difficulties in MetS patients might have significant effects for people, such as decreased quality of life, depression, and an increase in metabolic illnesses, as well as for countries, such as population loss. Exercise and a diet that normalises basal metabolic rate improve reproductive health in MetS patients. Despite the demonstrated benefits of lifestyle changes, the hunt for the optimal treatment for MetS patients' reproductive issues continues.           

Author (s) Details

O. Yelizarova
SI “O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health, NAMSU, Ukraine.

E. Omelchenko
SI “O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health, NAMSU, Ukraine.

B. Nykula
Kyiv Clinical Hospital on Railways Transport №2 of the Health Centre of JSC "Ukrainian railways", Ukraine.

O. Lynchak
SI “O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health, NAMSU, Ukraine.

O. Procuk
Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine.


O. Polka
SI “O.M. Marzieiev Institute for Public Health, NAMSU, Ukraine.



View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDHR-V1/article/view/2160

Study on Reproductive Performance of Women with Fibroids | Chapter 5 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

 Although there is a link between fertility and fibroid, there is no clear cause-and-effect relationship. Infertility clinics and referral hospitals provide the majority of the research. A retrospective investigation was conducted in a medical facility with direct patients from a rural poor socioeconomic community. The reproductive performance of 70 fibroids-affected women was compared to that of an age-matched group of women who attended Gynecological Outpatients. The fecundity of fibroid-affected women is 2.46, compared to 2.56 in healthy women. While the rate of conception in women with sub mucous fibroids is slightly greater than in controls, the live birth rate is significantly lower. When compared to women without submucous fibroids, pregnancy loss is substantially doubled in women with submucous fibroids. Women with non-submucosal fibroids performed exactly as well as controls. As a result, we can assume that women with submucous fibroids lose more pregnancies and attempt more conceptions in their quest for children. There is a well-established link between fibroids and fertility and reproductive performance.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Alla Satyanarayana Reddy
Vinayaka Missions Medical College & Hospital, Karaikal, Vinayaka Mission`s Research Foundation (DU), Salem, India.

Dr. B. G. Harish
Vinayaka Missions Medical College & Hospital, Karaikal, Vinayaka Mission`s Research Foundation (DU), Salem, India

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Role of Uterine Conservative Surgery in Reproductive Age Group Women: A Retrospective Study | Chapter 6 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 1

 Fibroids are a type of benign tumor that can cause severe dysmenorrhoea, bleeding, and infertility in reproductive-age women. Fibroids increase the chances of miscarriage, with submucosal and intramural fibroids having a higher probability of spontaneous abortion and a lower likelihood of live birth. As more women put off having children until their 30s or 40s, When fibroids become more symptomatic, uterine sparing treatment become increasingly necessary. Given the rising number of treatment options and changing care provider profiles, now is an excellent time to examine current practices and perspectives. Endoscopic myomectomy is the most popular minimally invasive surgical approach for treating different fibroids in individuals with AUB, with reproductive difficulties being the most typical example. 1) the prognosis of infertile patients following myomectomy 2) kind of uterine conservation surgery 3) the outcome of the technique used Materials and Procedures: This study comprised 130 women (aged 20 to 48) who came to Rajdeep endoscopy and IVF center in Kota with symptomatic fibroids and infertility. The highest proportion of myoma was reported in adults aged 20 to 40, and the most common fibroids were intramural 38.46 percent, according to our findings. The pregnancy rate has increased to 50-60% after both laparoscopy and abdominal myomectomy.

Conclusion: For women who want to preserve their uterus in their existing state, myomectomy is the most usual procedure. The operation is extremely safe when performed by a trained surgeon, with morbidity comparable to a hysterectomy.

Author (s) Details

Rajshree Gohaodkar
Rajdeep Nursing Home & Infertility Centre, India.

Deshdeepak
Rajdeep Nursing Home & Infertility Centre, India.

Shalini Gupta
Rajdeep Nursing Home & Infertility Centre, India.

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An Explorative Study of South African Women’s Experiences: Coping with Infertility | Chapter 10 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 10

 The expectation of marrying and having children is a natural element of adult life for many people. Many young people look forward to becoming biological mothers and fathers. Individuals and couples are socially groomed to strive to this social ideal, which leads to this expectation of parenthood. For many men and women who strive to comply to these socio-cultural conventions of normative motherhood and who believe that childbirth is vital to their life, infertility can be a highly stressful and tormented experience. Medically, infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after at least twelve months of regular sexual contact without the use of contraception. Both men and women may experience feelings of inadequacy, failure, and incompleteness as a result of infertility. Infertile women, on the other hand, experience a wide range of emotional losses as a result of their inability to have children, as well as a great deal of anguish and anguish. This study looked into the experiences of a group of South African women who were dealing with infertility. A varied group of 21 married women diagnosed with primary infertility were recruited using a qualitative methodology. Individual interviews were done in a semi-structured, in-depth format, and the material was analysed using theme analysis. According to the findings of the study, the women experienced emotional upheaval characterised by disappointment and astonishment, rage and irritation, a deep sense of sadness, and finally a sense of acknowledgment that a problem existed. Infertility is associated with high psychological and emotional stress, according to the findings of this study. Social withdrawal and women separating themselves from social activities and social gatherings, avoiding pregnant women and women with children, and participating in escapism tactics on both a psychological and physical level were among the coping mechanisms used by these women in the study. On a psychological level, using an escapism approach might entail thinking about ways to avoid thinking about infertility, pregnancy, or babies. On a physical level, escapism includes behaviours like as shopping, working longer hours, sleeping more than normal, and engaging in activities that occupy a person to the point where they cannot think about anything else than the activities they are currently involved in. Infertility is a difficult journey, and living with it necessitates a strong feeling of resilience on the part of the infertile spouse, as well as the presence of solid social support that is supportive rather than overbearing.

Author(s) Details

Athena Pedro
Psychology Department, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.

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Overview of a New Therapy for Human Endometriosis: The Therapeutic Value of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist for Endometriosis | Chapter 3 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 Endometriosis is currently treated with certain estrogen-regulatory medications. Endometriosis is a condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus. However, these medical procedures have serious side effects, and patients who want to get pregnant will be unable to do so. The updated American Fertility Society (r-AFS) scores were matched between patients with and without leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTR-A) treatment to assess morphological changes and clinical symptoms. The r-AFS score was substantially lower in LTR-A-treated situations. Furthermore, there was an important link between the r-AFS score and the LTR-A treatment time. Medical conditions diminished in treated cases, and some patients became pregnant. Lesions in LTR-A-treated cases demonstrated apoptotic fibroblasts and collagen fibre degeneration morphologically. LTR-As had important therapeutic benefit for the treatment of human endometriosis, according to our results. Anti-LT therapy tends to be effective not only for treating clinical symptoms and lesions, but also for boosting fertility.

Author (s) Details

Masao Sugamata
Department of Pathology, Tochigi Institute of Clinical Pathology, Tochigi, Japan

Tomomi Ihara
Department of Pathology, Tochigi Institute of Clinical Pathology, Tochigi, Japan

Ichiro Uchiide
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japan Red Cross Hospital Omori, Tokyo, Japan

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTMMR-V13/article/view/734