Umbilical Endometriosis, a Rare Clinical Entity: Case Report and Management in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria, Africa |Chapter 3 | Medicine and Medical Research: New Perspectives Vol. 3

 

Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue outside the lining of the uterine cavity. It is a benign gynaecological disorder affecting about 5% of reproductive-age women. The aetiology is uncertain, but certain theories are postulated, like retrograde menstrual regurgitation of viable endometrial glands and tissue along the fallopian tubes and subsequent implantation on the pelvic peritoneal surfaces. These cells respond to hormones in a cyclical manner. Surgical procedures that breach the endometrium can inoculate other parts of the pelvis with endometrial tissue, there is also haematological spread. Cyclical bleeding from these deposits leads to inflammation, fibrosis, and adhesions. Umbilical endometriosis is the presence of an endometrial gland and stroma in the umbilicus. It is a rare site of occurrence. It is usually preceded by a history of pelvic surgery, as was found in this patient. The management usually involves a multidisciplinary team comprising the gynaecologist, the plastic surgeon, the colorectal surgeon, Fertility and Pain management teams. This was the case of a 33-year-old nullipara, who had abdominal myomectomy 5 years prior to presentation. She noticed bleeding and pain from her umbilicus one year ago. Bleeding was cyclical, associated with her menses, and was bright red in colour. The umbilicus eventually produced a tender-feeling, hyperpigmented exophytic mass. There was a laparotomy, intraperitoneal adhesiolysis, and total removal of the umbilical tumour. She experienced no pain during her first menstruation following surgery, and the repaired umbilical location was free of haemorrhage. She will be sent to the fertility team when she is prepared to begin a family.

 

The significance of this study is that every clinician, especially gynaecologists should have a high index of suspicion of endometriosis when a young woman presents with bleeding from unusual sites.

 

Author(s) Details

Iwo-Amah R. S.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Jumbo A. I.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Altraide B. O. A.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Okah K.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Lebara L. B.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Amachree P. T.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

Briggs N. N.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

Wadi I.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Ndii L. D.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Weje F. C.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mmrnp/v3/1278

Rectosigmoid Endometriosis: A Rare Cause of Haemafacia | Chapter 2 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 5

The present study reports a case of a young female presenting with haemafecia during menstruation. The development of a functional endometriotic gland and stroma outside of the uterus is known as endometriosis. Even though it affects 10-12% of women who are in menstruation and are of reproductive age, extra-genital endometriosis is quite uncommon. Bowel involvement is estimated to occur in 5%–12% with the recto-sigmoid region involved in up to 90% of these cases. We report a case of a 25-year-old female patient who presented to Gastrointestinal OPD with complaints of recurrent episodes of hematochezia with moderate left lumbar and hypogastric region pain during menses for the last 5 years. Recto-sigmoid endometriosis may manifest with abdominal pain, constipation, and rectal bleeding. For diagnosis radiological investigations like Transvaginal ultrasound and MRI pelvis are widely used, and endoscopic biopsy is less rewarding, however surgically resected specimen provides appropriate tissue for diagnosis. The management consists of hormonal therapy including Oral Contraceptive pills, gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue and surgical resection of affected segments.  This cause should always kept in mind while evaluating a young reproductive age group female with bleeding per rectum.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Shishirendu Parihar
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Aakash Shah
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Nitesh Bassi
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Ishan Mittal
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Chandrika Gupta
Dr. Lal Path Labs, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Anurag K. Tiwari
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Vinod Kumar
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Sunit Shukla
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

V. K. Dixit
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

D. P. Yadav
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

 

Please See the book here :-https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v5/3611G

Role of Gene Polymorphisms Might Contribute to Endometriosis Susceptibility | Chapter 9 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 5

 Endometriosis is a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside the uterus. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence of tissue attached to the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or intestines. Several recent studies have examined genetic polymorphisms as possible factors in the development of endometriosis. The purpose of this study is to review case-control studies of recent data on genes with nucleotide polymorphisms associated with endometriosis. A PubMed search of endometriosis, polymorphisms, and interleukins found 50 publications between 2001 and 2020. These were classified according to the type of polymorphism tested and whether the results supported or did not support an association with endometriosis. We have found a whole range of conflicting results. About half of the studies surveyed found an association between various polymorphisms and endometriosis. Based on this review, it can be concluded that there are strong gene-environment interactions that could certainly influence approaches to identify genetic variants associated with endometriosis.

Author(s) Details:

Nandhini Balunathan,
Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical sciences and technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai-116, India.

S. Nandhini,
Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical sciences and technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai-116, India.

J. Akshaya,
Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical sciences and technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai-116, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V5/article/view/8467

Hemangioma of Uterus: A Case Report | Chapter 17 | Issues and Developments in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 6

 Uterine cavernous hemangiomas are extremely rare benign tumours that might cause gynaecological problems. They might be localised, presenting as an endometrial polyp, or they can present as a uterine mass, with expanded vascular gaps replacing the normal myometrium for the majority of the uterine wall. The imaging findings of a rare case of hemangioma in a 25-year-old non-pregnant female are presented here. A sense of fullness in the vaginal canal was reported by the patient.

Author(S) Details

P. V. Nagure
Department of Radiodiagnosis, Consultant Radiologist at Eureka Diagnostic Centre, India.

P. L. Jadhav
Department of Radiodiagnosis, D.Y. Patil Medical College, India.

V. R. Nikam
Department of Anatomy, D.Y. Patil Medical College, India.

A. D. Mane
Consulting Oncopathologist, Aster Aadhar Hospital, India.

J. K. Patil
Department of Radiodiagnosis, D.Y. Patil Medical College, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IDMMR-V6/article/view/5610

Overview of a New Therapy for Human Endometriosis: The Therapeutic Value of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist for Endometriosis | Chapter 3 | Current Topics in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 13

 Endometriosis is currently treated with certain estrogen-regulatory medications. Endometriosis is a condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus. However, these medical procedures have serious side effects, and patients who want to get pregnant will be unable to do so. The updated American Fertility Society (r-AFS) scores were matched between patients with and without leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTR-A) treatment to assess morphological changes and clinical symptoms. The r-AFS score was substantially lower in LTR-A-treated situations. Furthermore, there was an important link between the r-AFS score and the LTR-A treatment time. Medical conditions diminished in treated cases, and some patients became pregnant. Lesions in LTR-A-treated cases demonstrated apoptotic fibroblasts and collagen fibre degeneration morphologically. LTR-As had important therapeutic benefit for the treatment of human endometriosis, according to our results. Anti-LT therapy tends to be effective not only for treating clinical symptoms and lesions, but also for boosting fertility.

Author (s) Details

Masao Sugamata
Department of Pathology, Tochigi Institute of Clinical Pathology, Tochigi, Japan

Tomomi Ihara
Department of Pathology, Tochigi Institute of Clinical Pathology, Tochigi, Japan

Ichiro Uchiide
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Japan Red Cross Hospital Omori, Tokyo, Japan

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CTMMR-V13/article/view/734