Varicocele: Anatomical Background and Uroradiological Aspects | Chapter 14 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 The dilation of the pampiniform plexuses is known as varicocele. It's a treatable infertility condition. Infertile men have a greater rate of infertility, ranging from 35 to 80 percent. Although several processes have been proposed for the development of varicocele, oxidative stress, testicular hypoperfusion, and heat stress are the pathogenic mechanisms through which varicocele causes sperm failure.

The intricacy of the venous drainage of the scrotum and its contents, as well as the criss-crossing of the veins, adds to the complexity of the thermo-regulatory process regulating spermatogenesis. The Cremaster and Dartos considerably contribute in the facilitation of the scrotal wall's thermo-regulatory system, which is the anatomical basis of oligospermia in varicocele patients.

Urological aspects: In addition to a noticeable change in seminal parameters, varicocelectomy has been shown to boost serum testosterone levels and improve erectile and ejaculatory function. The reasons for varicocelectomy receive more support and proof as we obtain a better understanding of the pathophysiology of varicocele and the roles of gene polymorphisms and reactive oxygen species.

Conclusions: In the future, a thorough understanding of the events that occur at the molecular level, rather than varicocelectomy, may move the treatment focus from varicocelectomy to molecular focused medicines.

Author (S) Details

Kalpana Ramachandran
Department of Anatomy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, India.

Sriram Krishnamoorthy
Department of Urology & Renal Transplantation, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

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