Because these values are determined from whole genome sequences and are independent of genome size and species, the contents of the four DNA nucleotides were standardised to explore biological evolution. First, the cytosine (C) content estimated from the entire mitochondrial genome was found to indicate biological evolution. The reason why humans (Homo sapiens), whose mitochondrial C concentration is not the highest among the organisms studied, are the most advanced organism has also been investigated. The pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) had the highest C content (0.347) of all the creatures studied, which led to the development of wings, which allowed for free dimensional behaviour in the sky. Cuvier's dwarf caiman (Paleosuchus palpebrosus) has the highest C content of any reptile (0.340), as well as hard skin to protect itself from predators and a powerful jaw to catch meal. Orangutans (Pongo abelii and P. pygmaeus) had the highest C content among mammalian mitochondrial genomes (0.327 and 0.324, respectively). Humans (Homo sapiens) had a C content of 0.313, while chimps (Pan troglodytes and P. paniscus) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) had C contents of 0.307–0.308. The monkeys with the highest mitochondrial C content have distinct physical features that are adaptations to tree-dwelling because they allow them to avoid ground predators and gather fruit. Their hand anatomy, in example, consists of five nails-covered fingers, and the functional and geometrical locations of the thumb relative to the other fingers are critical for grasping objects like branches. Furthermore, human mental growth may play a role in biological evolution. Thus, although human genetic structure does not always reflect this, the interaction of manipulating finger function and cerebral development resulted in the most complex biological evolution.
Author (S) Details
Kenji Sorimachi
Bioscience Laboratory, Environmental Engineering, Co. Ltd., Takasaki, Gunma, Japan.
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