Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: Unraveling the Complex Relationship | Chapter 7 | Medical Research and Its Applications Vol. 5

The present study primarily focuses on Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is the leading cause of Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory disease. Globally, MS affects approximately 2.8 million individuals, resulting in significant economic burdens due to treatment expenses and patient unemployment. The association between EBV and MS is supported by various studies encompassing epidemiological, immunological, and virological aspects. These studies revealed higher EBV levels in MS patients, expression of EBV proteins within MS lesions, and the elevation of specific immunological markers following EBV infection. Although the precise mechanism through which EBV initiates MS remains unclear, evidence suggests a phenomenon called molecular mimicry, wherein the immune system's response to EBV may mistakenly target neuronal tissue. Efforts are underway to develop therapies targeting this relationship, such as EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cell therapy. It is clear from multiple verified studies that EBV, as a precipitating factor, significantly influences MS progression. Consequently, EBV is a promising focus for the development of future treatments or preventative measures for MS. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism underlying EBV-induced MS and the potential for prophylactic vaccines continue to be subjects of ongoing research.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Ling Zhong
College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR, China and Department of Experimental Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR, China.

 

Qinjian Zhao
College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR, China.

 

Xiao Zhang
College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR, China.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mria/v5/124

Advances in in silico Technologies and Their Applications: Special Attention to Drug Development, Vaccine Design, and Molecular Mimicry | Chapter 8 | Research Highlights in Science and Technology Vol. 6

 In silico electronics have revolutionized protein research and drug development by permissive efficient study and design of potential therapeutics. These methods, containing sequence databases, similarity modeling, and molecular hooking up, play a crucial role in investigating protein structure, function, and interplay. Protein databases provide a wealth of candidly available news, while homology modeling calls protein structures by leveraging similarities accompanying known makeups. Molecular docking allows for the study of fragment interactions, specifically in drug design. Moreover, these techniques aid in epitope prediction and realistic vaccine design, speeding the development of targeted vaccines. Additionally, in silico orders contribute to the understanding of molecular impersonation in autoimmune diseases and unproductiveness by identifying shared antigenic cause between pathogens and host proteins. This item aims to discuss the impact of in silico techniques on drug finding, vaccine design, and the understanding of molecular impersonation, including allure role in human unproductiveness through the elucidation of microscopic mimicry between human spermatozoa and microorganisms.

Author(s) Details:

Anshika Sharma,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.

Ishwerpreet Kaur Jawanda,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.

Thomson Soni,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.

Garima Upadhyay,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.

Anurag Shama,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.

Vijay Prabha,
Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RHST-V6/article/view/11343

Molecular Mimicry between Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Antigen and the Human Cardiac Titin Protein: A Potential Cause of Sudden Unexpected Deaths | Chapter 5 | Research Developments in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 This study documents that 17 pentapeptides are coarse to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) F antigen and Titin, a human cardiac protein whose alterations are connected to sudden surprising death (SUD) condition. The peptide sharing has a relevant invulnerable-pathological potential because many of the common sequences are again present in immunopositive RSV F-derived epitopes, so making likely the possibility that antagonistic-Titin autoimmune cross-reactivity and resultant SUDs can be started by vaccines based on the RSV F antigen.

Author(s) Details:

Darja Kanduc,
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDMMS-V6/article/view/10021

Influenza, SARS-CoV-2, Titin, and Sudden Unexpected Deaths: On the Risk of Multiple Vaccinations| Chapter 1 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 10

 Objective concerning this short review is to recall data that link Influenza virus, harsh acute respiratory disease-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the human cardiac Titin protein to sudden unexpected dying (SUDs) through molecular mime. Indeed, a direct causality between Influenza bacterium and SUDs has been again and again reported in clinical article and, more recently, also SARS-CoV-2 immunization has been had connection with an alarming incidence of SUDs. Hence, it is of pertinence to highlight that Influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 antigens, that is, hemagglutinin and spike glycoprotein (gp), share invulnerable determinants with the SUD-connected Titin. Such a peptide sharing and the consequent autoimmune cross-sensitivity are even more significant because might enable an aggressive implementation of SUD occurrences following simultaneous multiple antagonistic-influenza and anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. On the whole, this chance imposes caution and careful immunization clinical trials.

Author(s) Details:

Darja Kanduc,
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari-70126, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V10/article/view/8861

The Role of Molecular Mimicry and Autoimmunity in the SARS-CoV-2-Induced Diseases: An a Posteriori Analysis | Chapter 8 | Current Innovations in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

 SARS-CoV-2-derived epitopes were examined for peptide sharing with human proteins in 2020, during the time of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, in order to determine the likelihood that the coronavirus exposure would cause autoimmune cross-reactivity. It was discovered that the immunoreactive epitopes found in SARS-CoV-2 are generally made up of peptide sequences found in human proteins as well. These sequences, when altered, are linked to a variety of diseases, from respiratory distress to multi-organ failure. It is noteworthy that the peptide sharing also included antigens relevant to fetal/infantile illnesses and tumour suppressor proteins. According to scientific evidence, passive or active SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to autoimmunity due to molecular mimicry and the resulting cross-reactivity. In order to prevent autoimmune reactions, the clinical data suggested vaccine composition based on unique viral peptide sequences. The large wave of severe adverse effects expected in 2020 and already occurring after the widespread administration of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on conventional vaccine formulations are now, in 2022, explained by the data.

Author(s) Details:

Darja Kanduc,
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CIMMS-V4/article/view/8398

Postinfection-post Vaccination Autoimmune Neural Long COVID-19: A Review | Chapter 11 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4

In healthy human patients, auto-antibodies and auto-reactive immune cells may be present in the normal physiological autoimmune state. A spike protein was incorporated into the virus in case of post-infection during the post-sars-cov-2 infection and post-vaccination phases. Alternatively, the peptide produced by the spike protein sequence of the human COVID-19 m The human vaccinee cells include auto-reacting epitopes for RNA vaccines. Both the vaccinee cells and the viral spike protein include molecular mimicking epitopes that either share or are mono-specific to the immune system and cause autoimmune reactions. Immune conversion states can result in single or many organ problems that show the patho-biologic traits of autoimmune long covid-19, which can cause autoimmune tissue damage. This mechanistic analysis of the lengthy CoVID-19 is supported by its placement on the list of autoimmune registry 2021. Some employees believe that autoantibodies are the cause of autoimmune long COVID-19. While there is still some debate, some researchers think that auto-antibodies and auto-reacting immune cells are both implicated. In this chapter, a literature show-case study of neural autoimmune long COVID-19 was provided, along with a recommendation for an animal model for post-infection, post-vaccination, long COVID-19. These two illness entities overlap one another.

Author (s) Details:

Ibrahim M. S. Shnawa,
Department of Anesthesia Technology, Hillah University College and College of Biotechnology, University of Qasim, Babylon, Iraq.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V4/article/view/7513

From SARS-CoV-2 to Myocarditis and Sudden Death via Molecular Mimicry and Immunologic Memory | Chapter 12 | Current Practice in Medical Science Vol. 4

This study sought to define the potential roles of immunologic memory and molecular mimicry as pathways that may connect SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination with cardiovascular disorders (CVDs).

It was looked at if human proteins that are impacted by CVDs have pentapeptide immune determinants with the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (gp).

The majority of the shared peptides are found in infectious pathogens to which the human population has generally been exposed, and comparative sequence analyses show that SARS-CoV-2 spike gp and human proteins related to CVDs share a high level of peptide sharing. The shared peptides have immunological potential because they are also a part of experimentally validated SARS-CoV-2 spike gp-derived epitopes.

Cross-reactivity and peptide sharing most likely represent, respectively, the molecular foundation and fundamental mechanism connecting SARS-CoV-2 exposure and CVDs, with the individual's prior infection history playing a key role in defining and defining the immune response as well as the pathologic autoimmune sequelae.

Author(s) Details:

Darja Kanduc,

Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPMS-V4/article/view/7367

COVID Epitope is Magic | Chapter 7 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 12

 Using unique modifications of the NIH Blast amino acid comparison method, we determined the amino acid sequences that are nearly identical between the COVID 19 amino acid sequence and the Platelet Factor 4 amino acid sequence. Molecular mimicry can then be used to determine which of the many potential epitopes on the surface of the Spike protein is the genuine epitope that causes the antibody response to the COVID 19 virus, resulting in platelet cross-reactivity. Molecular mimicry is a well-known phenomena in vaccinations. It has never, however, been utilised to determine the precise binding sequence generated by a vaccine.

Author(s) Details

George Pieczenik
129 Kingwood Locktown Road, Stockton, NJ 08559, Stockton, US.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NFMMR-V12/article/view/3664