The Role of Leptin in Pathology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) | Chapter 5 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder with significant impacts on women’s health. This intricate condition affects the endocrine and metabolic systems, characterised by features such as anovulation, infertility, obesity, insulin resistance, and the presence of polycystic ovaries. The aim of this review is to investigate the diagnostic potential of leptin in PCOS. The objective is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by examining the relationship between leptin, the leptin receptor gene, obesity, and the various metabolic and hormonal irregularities associated with PCOS. In this regard, a comprehensive review of the literature from the past decade was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The search strategy was aimed at gathering relevant studies on the relationship between leptin and PCOS, including genetic aspects. All the reviewed studies unanimously confirm the diagnostic potential of leptin in PCOS, emphasising its relevance in metabolic disorders associated with PCOS. Leptin is a fat cell-derived hormone that promotes a shift from carbohydrate to fat oxidation and regulates glucose homeostasis. Leptin, classified within the “tumour necrosis factor” family as a cell factor, is an amino peptide consisting of 167 amino acids. Leptin plays a crucial role in relaying metabolic signals to the brain and modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. PCOS involves hyperandrogenism, inappropriate luteinizing hormone secretion, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia. The relationship between leptin and key factors in PCOS, such as gonadotropins, androgens, and insulin, remains a subject of ongoing research and discussions. The evidence gathered highlights elevated leptin levels, particularly in obesity, as a consistent characteristic of PCOS. The positive correlation between leptin and fat cell quantity underscores its potential role in PCOS pathogenesis. Leptin extends its impact beyond weight regulation, influencing oocyte maturation and activating ovarian enzymes involved in steroid production. Genetic studies on Leptin Receptor Gene (LEPR) polymorphisms indicate associations between specific genetic variants and PCOS susceptibility. Combining leptin with markers like Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) shows high diagnostic accuracy, offering potential utility in clinical assessments. The multifaceted impact of leptin on both reproductive and metabolic aspects is evident. The findings support the integration of leptin with other markers for enhanced diagnostic accuracy, providing a promising avenue for future clinical applications in PCOS assessments.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sushitha ES
Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, India.

 

Prajna P Shetty
Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, India.

 

Sasikala Kathiresan
AIIMS-Madurai, India.

 

Sauvit S Patil
Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Affiliated to University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India.

 

Deepa M
AIIMS-Madurai, India.

 

Emil Phinehas
AIIMS-Madurai, India.

 

Bhavit Bansal
Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women, India.

 

Delna NS
EMS Memorial Co-operative Hospital and Research Centre- College of Paramedical Sciences, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v6/6253

Role of Vitex Agnes Castus in Managing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) | Chapter 1 | Advanced Concepts in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4

 The basic objective of the chapter search out identify the belongings of Vitex agnes castus on hormonal imbalances in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Women are immediately commonly agony from polycystic ovary syndrome. With the entire state, only 6-8% of the women can label this issue in their reproductive age. The primary causes concerning this issue include the question in the level of female sex hormones and larger levels of androgens, the male hormones. In this study, the light rats were treated accompanying 8mg of estradiol valerate to induce their PCOS level. Additionally, it examined the levels of luteinizing hormone, blood vessel-stimulating birth control method, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, Estradiol, Progesterone, and Prolaction. In this unit, the increased levels of estradiol and abated level of progesterone results in failure of ovulation which is individual of the notable features of unproductiveness have been investigated. On the other hand, these changed levels are reversed in rats acted with vitex agnus castus fruit extract for the normalization of progesterone concentrations. Various groups have also illustrated that vitex agnus castus extracts bind to the estrogen receptor and have weak estragenic belongings, suggesting that chasteberry may still affect the estrogen/progesterone balance.The conclusive conclusion stated that PCOS is very impacted apiece levels of hormones and vitex agnus castus can generate the reverse antagonistic effects of hormonal inequality for PCOS individuals.

Author(s) Details:

Sugantha Saul,
Department of Biochemistry, T.B.M.L. College, Porayar 609 307, Tamil Nadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACPR-V4/article/view/12922

Study on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Risk: Efficacy of Self-Assessment Test | Chapter 11 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 13

 The goal of this study was to see if an online questionnaire could accurately estimate the risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in young women.

PCOS is a growing cause of morbidity in young women all over the world. This condition has been connected to exogenous factors such as irregular menses, hirsutism, and obesity. There are few standardised self-assessment tests based on easily observable traits that might help patients efficiently identify their PCOS risk in the Indian population.

Methods: Undergraduate women between the ages of 18 and 22 who were enrolled on a university campus completed the survey questionnaire. The self-assessment test has 19 questions with binary "yes" or "no" answers. For a total of 19 points, each "yes" received one point and each "no" received zero.

Women who had irregular menses (the test group) were compared to women who had regular menses (the control group) (control group).

Welch's modified t-test at 5% was used to determine the significance between the groups.

The clinical examination determined whether PCOS was present or not.

Results: A total of 1,544 women took part in the study. 262 (24.8 percent) of young women had an irregular menstrual cycle, according to the study. The control group had an average total score of 3.072.35, while the women with irregular menses had an average total score of 5.932.86. Twenty-one of the twenty-eight women who scored high on the Rotterdam criteria were diagnosed with PCOS.

Conclusions: The self-assessment test can be used to determine the risk of PCOS. When it comes to predicting the presence of PCOS, this test has a sensitivity and accuracy of 75%.

Author (S) Details

Jyoti Taneja
Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, Delhi University, Delhi, India.

Taruna Arora
Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Science, Delhi University, Delhi, India.

Anju Jain
Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, Delhi University, Delhi, India.

Chandra Mansukhani
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India.

Latika Bhalla
Department of Pediatrics, Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India.

Sarita Nanda
Department of Biochemistry, Daulat Ram College, Delhi University, Delhi, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V13/article/view/2730

An Overview on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) | Chapter 2 | Technological Innovation in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6

 PCOS, or polycystic ovarian syndrome, is one of the most common female endocrine disorders, affecting 6-15 percent of women. PCOS causes hormonal imbalances and metabolism issues in women, which can have an impact on their overall health and attractiveness. Although insulin resistance is not invariably present, androgen excess and insulin resistance are now acknowledged to be responsible for much of the phenotypic appearance. It's marked by an irregular menstrual cycle and acne, and it's linked to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A prospective window of opportunity to avoid the risk of related consequences exists when PCOS is managed effectively. The treatment aims to address (IR), hyperandrogenism's consequences, irregular menstruation, and infertility in general. The genesis, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of polycystic ovarian syndrome are the focus of this review paper.

Author (s) Details

Dr. C. Muhas
Department of Pharmacy Practice, KTN College of Pharmacy, Chalavara, Palakkad, Kerala, India.

Dr. K. M. Nishad
Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Salafiya Pharmacy College, Pulikkal, Kerala, India.

Prof (Dr), P. P. Naseef
Department of Pharmaceutics, Moulana College of Pharmacy, Perintalmanna, Kerala, India.

K. Abdul Vajid
Department of Pharmaceutics, Moulana College of Pharmacy, Perintalmanna, Kerala, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/TIPR-V6/article/view/1702