Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine
disorder with significant impacts on women’s health. This intricate condition
affects the endocrine and metabolic systems, characterised by features such as
anovulation, infertility, obesity, insulin resistance, and the presence of
polycystic ovaries. The aim of this review is to investigate the diagnostic
potential of leptin in PCOS. The objective is to contribute to the existing
body of knowledge by examining the relationship between leptin, the leptin
receptor gene, obesity, and the various metabolic and hormonal irregularities
associated with PCOS. In this regard, a comprehensive review of the literature
from the past decade was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar,
PubMed, and Scopus. The search strategy was aimed at gathering relevant studies
on the relationship between leptin and PCOS, including genetic aspects. All the
reviewed studies unanimously confirm the diagnostic potential of leptin in
PCOS, emphasising its relevance in metabolic disorders associated with PCOS.
Leptin is a fat cell-derived hormone that promotes a shift from carbohydrate to
fat oxidation and regulates glucose homeostasis. Leptin, classified within the
“tumour necrosis factor” family as a cell factor, is an amino peptide
consisting of 167 amino acids. Leptin plays a crucial role in relaying
metabolic signals to the brain and modulating the
hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. PCOS involves hyperandrogenism,
inappropriate luteinizing hormone secretion, insulin resistance, and
hyperinsulinemia. The relationship between leptin and key factors in PCOS, such
as gonadotropins, androgens, and insulin, remains a subject of ongoing research
and discussions. The evidence gathered highlights elevated leptin levels,
particularly in obesity, as a consistent characteristic of PCOS. The positive
correlation between leptin and fat cell quantity underscores its potential role
in PCOS pathogenesis. Leptin extends its impact beyond weight regulation,
influencing oocyte maturation and activating ovarian enzymes involved in
steroid production. Genetic studies on Leptin Receptor Gene (LEPR)
polymorphisms indicate associations between specific genetic variants and PCOS
susceptibility. Combining leptin with markers like Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)
shows high diagnostic accuracy, offering potential utility in clinical
assessments. The multifaceted impact of leptin on both reproductive and
metabolic aspects is evident. The findings support the integration of leptin
with other markers for enhanced diagnostic accuracy, providing a promising
avenue for future clinical applications in PCOS assessments.
Author(s) Details
Sushitha ES
Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, India.
Prajna P Shetty
Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, India.
Sasikala Kathiresan
AIIMS-Madurai, India.
Sauvit S Patil
Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Affiliated to University of Mumbai,
Mumbai, India.
Deepa M
AIIMS-Madurai, India.
Emil Phinehas
AIIMS-Madurai, India.
Bhavit Bansal
Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences for Women,
India.
Delna NS
EMS Memorial Co-operative Hospital and Research Centre- College of
Paramedical Sciences, India.
Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v6/6253
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