Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are
autoimmune thyroid disorders, with patients experiencing mild to debilitating
symptoms. GD is characterised by hyperthyroidism, which can lead to functional
disturbances, compressive symptoms and orbitopathy. HT is often associated with
hypothyroidism, localised painful symptoms, and has a stronger link to
differentiated thyroid cancer. While both diseases are primarily managed
medically, surgery becomes the definitive treatment option in cases where
either other treatments are ineffective or poorly tolerated, or when
compressive symptoms, pain, or coexisting malignancy are present. Total
thyroidectomy, which is obligatory for coexisting malignancy, has proven to be
the most effective intervention for symptomatic relief in both diseases.
Although excision of the thyroid gland in these cases can be technically
challenging, the rate of permanent complications remains acceptably low when
the operations are performed by experienced surgeons in high-volume centres.
This review explores the indications for surgical
intervention in autoimmune thyroid disease, highlighting both the clear
benefits and potential risks of surgery,
as well as emphasising the need to enhance access to high-quality surgical
care.
Author(s) Details
Eirini Avgoustou
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hygeia Hospital,
Athens, Greece.
Constantinos
Avgoustou
Surgical Department, General Hospital of Nea Ionia ‘‘Constantopoulion-Aghia
Olga-Patission’’, Athens, Greece.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v6/6110
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