Chronotypes represent an individual’s natural preference for
sleep and activity timing within the 24-hour day, governed by circadian rhythms
and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). This review explores how chronotypes
categorised as morning, evening, and intermediate affect various dimensions of
health and behaviours. It examines the biological underpinnings of chronotype,
including hormonal and genetic mechanisms, and the tools used for its
assessment, such as the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Munich
Chronotype Questionnaire, actigraphy, and sleep diaries. The study highlights
significant associations between chronotype and physical health outcomes,
including sleep quality, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular health, and immune
function. In terms of mental health, evening chronotypes are particularly
vulnerable to depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders, often due to
misalignment between biological rhythms and societal demands. Furthermore,
chronotype influences cognitive functioning, academic performance, and the
impact of shift work, particularly among working adults. Understanding and
aligning daily routines with an individual’s chronotype can lead to improved
well-being, enhanced productivity, and reduced health risks. The findings underscore
the importance of recognising chronotype differences to improve health
outcomes, optimise daily functioning, and tailor interventions in educational,
clinical, and occupational settings. Future research should continue to explore
chronotype-based interventions and policies that respect biological diversity
in human functioning.
Author(s) Details
Sambid Sunamajhi
Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar,
Odisha, 751024, India.
Mantu Meher
Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar,
Odisha, 751024, India.
Priyoneel Basu
Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Doctor Harisingh Gour
Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar - 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Sweta Arora
Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences Deemed to be
University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v6/6234
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