Chronotypes and Health: Biological and Social Implications | Chapter 6 | An Overview of Disease and Health Research Vol. 6

 

Chronotypes represent an individual’s natural preference for sleep and activity timing within the 24-hour day, governed by circadian rhythms and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). This review explores how chronotypes categorised as morning, evening, and intermediate affect various dimensions of health and behaviours. It examines the biological underpinnings of chronotype, including hormonal and genetic mechanisms, and the tools used for its assessment, such as the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, actigraphy, and sleep diaries. The study highlights significant associations between chronotype and physical health outcomes, including sleep quality, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular health, and immune function. In terms of mental health, evening chronotypes are particularly vulnerable to depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders, often due to misalignment between biological rhythms and societal demands. Furthermore, chronotype influences cognitive functioning, academic performance, and the impact of shift work, particularly among working adults. Understanding and aligning daily routines with an individual’s chronotype can lead to improved well-being, enhanced productivity, and reduced health risks. The findings underscore the importance of recognising chronotype differences to improve health outcomes, optimise daily functioning, and tailor interventions in educational, clinical, and occupational settings. Future research should continue to explore chronotype-based interventions and policies that respect biological diversity in human functioning.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Sambid Sunamajhi
Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.

 

Mantu Meher
Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.

 

Priyoneel Basu
Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Doctor Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar - 470003, Madhya Pradesh, India.

 

Sweta Arora

Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/aodhr/v6/6234

Photobiomodulation: An Emerging Non-Invasive Way to Treat Alzheimer's Disease Using Neuroprotective and Neurogenesis Strategies | Chapter 6 | Disease and Health: Research Developments Vol. 10

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction are characteristic features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder that compromises cognitive performance. Notwithstanding extensive research endeavors, there remain limited efficacious therapeutic alternatives for AD. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) within the red and near-infrared spectrum is employed in photobiomodulation (PBM), a non-invasive method that has demonstrated potential as a neuroprotective intervention, influences mitochondrial activity, modifies reactive oxygen species (ROS), regulates calcium homeostasis, and diminishes neuroinflammation—crucial elements in AD pathophysiology. Recent investigations demonstrate that PBM mitigates Aβ toxicity by augmenting mitochondrial function and facilitating Aβ elimination. Furthermore, PBM aids in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, enhances cerebral blood flow, and facilitates neurovascular coupling, all of which are vital for neuronal health. This chapter examines how PBM alleviates cellular and molecular dysfunctions associated with AD, emphasizing its impact on oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, it explores the possibility of incorporating PBM into multimodal therapeutic approaches for AD. This chapter underscores the revolutionary capacity of PBM in enhancing neurotherapeutic strategies for AD.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Hossein Chamkouri
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China

 

Aoyun Li
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.

 

Zhanchuang Lu
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.

 

Li Cao
Department of Neurology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230041, China.

 

Xianjun Xing

School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province,         PR China and Institute of Environment, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230088, Anhui Province, PR China.

 

Changchun Chen
Department of Neurology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Hefei, 230041, China.

 

Lei Chen
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China and Intelligent Manufacturing Institute of HFUT, Hefei, 230051, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/dhrd/v10/4884

Effect of High BMI on Cognitive Performance in Young Adult Individuals | Chapter 2 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8

 The ideal of this exploration is to probe the relationship between Body mass indicator( BMI) and cognitive performance in undergraduate medical scholars. A aggregate of 230 medical scholars were chosen at arbitrary from a medicalcollege.BMI was calculated using Quetlet's formula. To assess cognitive functions in medical scholars, the" Montreal Cognition Assessment Test" was used. In the fat and fat groups, there was a significant negative correlation between BMI and cognitive function score( P<0.05). Proportion of study subjects with cognitive function score< 26 was significantly more in fat and fat group in comparison with BMI group within normal limit( P<0.01). Indeed in veritably healthy people, having a high BMI is associated with poor cognitive function. This is an suggestion of the relinquishment of public health measures to maintain an applicable life in order to maintain a normal BMI.

Author(s) Details:

Amruta N. Kumbhar,
Department of Physiology, D.Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Padmaja R. Desai,
Department of Physiology, D.Y. Patil Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V8/article/view/8490