Background: Chitosan is an abundant polymer found in the
exoskeleton of crustaceans, insects, molluscs and the cell wall of fungi. It is
well known for its wound healing capacity, anti-oxidative efficacy,
antimicrobial activity and more. Most chitosan extraction processes have
focused on exoskeletons of marine organisms, while studies using freshwater
sources remain limited.
Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in
vitro anticancer efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles extracted from the carapace
of freshwater crab Sartoriana spinigera by studying Caspase 3/7 and Annexin V
concentration through apoptosis and necrosis percentage of MCF-7 Breast cancer
cells.
Methodology: The study samples were prepared in the
Department of Zoology, Marwari College, Ranchi University, and an in vitro
anticancer study was done in Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Activity of caspase 3/7 indicator was
studied using Caspase 3/7 green detection reagent after treatment with Chitosan
Nanoparticles for 24 hours, and analysing the reading by flow cytometry.
Annexin V was estimated by studying apoptosis and necrosis using Annexin V-
FITC and Propidium iodide, and after treatment with Chitosan nanoparticles,
analysis was done by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was done by Student’s
t-test.
Results: A Study on enhancing Caspase 3/7 activity of MCF-7
cells has been done by treatment with chitosan nanoparticles. At 262 µg/mL,
early apoptosis of 7.78% and late apoptosis of 4.02% in MCF-7 cells took place.
ChNP was able to show increased necrosis of MCF-7 cells, which was
significantly higher than that of the control group at 5 % significance level.
At 131 µg/mL, ChNP showed cell necrosis of 24.5% and at 262 µg/mL, cell
necrosis of 27.3% was noted. Analysis of Annexin V revealed that chitosan
nanoparticles at a concentration of 131 µg/mL increased the phenomenon of early
apoptosis of 0.35% of MCF-7 cells and necrosis of 15.59%.
Conclusion: The present study confirms that chitosan nanoparticles
extracted from freshwater crab Sartoriana spinigera is a potent anticancer
agent against the MCF-7 cell line. This cost-effective treatment with minimal
side effects can be considered as an anticancer drug. However, in vivo study
and clinical trial need to be done to validate this reliability.
Author(s) Details
Shiny E.C. Kachhap
Department of Zoology, Marwari College, Ranchi University, Ranchi, India.
Nayni Saxena
University Department of Zoology, Ranchi University, Ranchi, India.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v8/6318
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