In contemporary agriculture, effective pest control remains
essential for ensuring healthy crop production and global food security. The
excessive use of synthetic pesticides in farming has raised serious concerns
about environmental damage and health risks. These impacts include the
emergence of pesticide-resistant pests, reduction in biodiversity,
deterioration of soil quality and pollution of water bodies. As a safer and
sustainable option, Beauveria bassiana, a naturally occurring fungus found in
soil, has gained attention for its ability to control various insect pests.
Beauveria bassiana belongs to the phylum Ascomycota, order Hypocreales, and
family Cordycipitaceae. Environmental factors, namely temperature, humidity, as
well as ultraviolet exposure, greatly impact its distribution, especially in
above-ground habitats where adverse conditions limit its survival during warmer
months. The fungus disperses through multiple pathways, including rain splash,
wind, and via insects that facilitate its movement between soil and vegetation.
Beauveria infects insects by attaching to the exoskeleton, penetrating their
defences, and growing inside until the insect dies. Studies have shown its
effectiveness against major pests such as Callosobruchus maculatus, Tuta absoluta,
and Macrosiphum rosae, making it a valuable biological control agent. Its broad
host range and eco-friendly nature allow it to fit well within Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) systems, reducing the reliance on harmful chemicals.
Additionally, advancements like combining B. bassiana with additives such as
kaolin have improved its efficiency in real-world conditions. While enhancing
its pest-killing ability through genetic modifications shows promise, it’s also
important to maintain its natural resilience. Overall, B. bassiana provides
long-term pest control, supports sustainable farming practices, and offers a
reliable alternative to chemical pesticides, contributing to safer agriculture
and environmental conservation. With continued research and strategic
application, it holds great potential for future crop protection, ensuring
safety for both people and the environment.
Author(s) Details
Karthik Santhosh
Department of Entomology, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences,
Baburayenpettai, Chengalpattu, India.
Vairam Namachivayam
Department of Agricultural Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College,
Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India.
Murugan Nagarajan
Department of Entomology, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences,
Baburayenpettai, Chengalpattu, India.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v8/6241
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