Malocclusion is one of the three major oral diseases and may
cause deterioration in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Factors
affecting oral health can impact physical and economic well-being and quality
of life by influencing functionality, appearance, relationships, social
interactions, self-esteem and psychological health. Unlike other medical and
dental conditions, malocclusion is a ‘set of dental deviations’ rather than a
disease. Orthodontic treatments address these deviations from a normative
standard rather than curing a pathological condition. This study aimed to
examine the effect of malocclusion on OHRQoL using the Index of Orthodontic
Treatment Need (IOTN) and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14)
questionnaire for OHRQoL among school-going children in the Hamirpur Block of
Himachal Pradesh, India. This cross-sectional study was conducted in government
senior secondary schools of Hamirpur Block, Himachal Pradesh. A total of 294
students aged 12–18 participated in this study. The assessment tools used to
determine the need for orthodontic treatment included the OHIP-14 questionnaire
for OHRQoL and the dental health component (DHC) of the IOTN. Data were
analysed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version
23, with statistical significance defined at P < 0.05.
Of the 294 samples, the highest proportion (approximately
29%) exhibited borderline treatment needs, whereas the lowest proportion
(approximately 6%) had high treatment needs. Overall, treatment needs were
identified in approximately 165 individuals, accounting for approximately 56%
of the total samples. Self-consciousness was the most prevalent factor,
observed in 81% of the participants. The mean overall score (± SD) was 4.29 ±
5.25. Physical disability exerted the least impact (0.19 ± 0.42), whereas
psychological discomfort had the most significant effect (1.51 ± 1.67). A high
need for orthodontic treatment significantly impacted the participants’ overall
OHRQoL score across all domains of OHIP-14. Both bivariate and multivariate
analyses of OHIP-14 regarding IOTN–DHC, sex, and age group revealed a
significant association between normative orthodontic treatment needs and
overall OHIP-14 scores. In either analysis, boys had a statistically
nonsignificant lower impact score than girls. With increasing age, the impact score
for quality of life declined significantly for the 15–16 age group in
multivariate analysis.
Malocclusion negatively affects OHRQoL and its various
domains. Individuals with Grade 5 malocclusion (indicating a high treatment
need) experience a considerable negative impact on their overall OHRQoL score
across all domains of OHIP-14. Further research is needed to comprehend how the
need for orthodontic treatment changes as individuals age. In future,
investigations should employ standardised tools for assessing both malocclusion
and OHRQoL.
Abhimanyu Singh
Chauhan
Dr. Radhakrishnan Govt. Medical College, Hamirpur (H.P), India.
Sharmila Debarmma
Dr. Radhakrishnan Govt. Medical College, Hamirpur (H.P), India.
Anupriya Sharma
Dr. Radhakrishnan Govt. Medical College, Hamirpur (H.P), India.
Kanchan Chauhan
Dr. Radhakrishnan Govt. Medical College, Hamirpur (H.P), India.
Manish Goyal
Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar Govt Medical College, Nahan, Sirmour (HP), India.
Ashish Sharm
AIIMS, Bilapur (H.P), India.
Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/msup/v1/6529
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