The Role of Beauveria bassiana in Integrated Pest Management: A Comprehensive Review | Chapter 1 | Research Perspective on Biological Science Vol. 8

 

In contemporary agriculture, effective pest control remains essential for ensuring healthy crop production and global food security. The excessive use of synthetic pesticides in farming has raised serious concerns about environmental damage and health risks. These impacts include the emergence of pesticide-resistant pests, reduction in biodiversity, deterioration of soil quality and pollution of water bodies. As a safer and sustainable option, Beauveria bassiana, a naturally occurring fungus found in soil, has gained attention for its ability to control various insect pests. Beauveria bassiana belongs to the phylum Ascomycota, order Hypocreales, and family Cordycipitaceae. Environmental factors, namely temperature, humidity, as well as ultraviolet exposure, greatly impact its distribution, especially in above-ground habitats where adverse conditions limit its survival during warmer months. The fungus disperses through multiple pathways, including rain splash, wind, and via insects that facilitate its movement between soil and vegetation. Beauveria infects insects by attaching to the exoskeleton, penetrating their defences, and growing inside until the insect dies. Studies have shown its effectiveness against major pests such as Callosobruchus maculatus, Tuta absoluta, and Macrosiphum rosae, making it a valuable biological control agent. Its broad host range and eco-friendly nature allow it to fit well within Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems, reducing the reliance on harmful chemicals. Additionally, advancements like combining B. bassiana with additives such as kaolin have improved its efficiency in real-world conditions. While enhancing its pest-killing ability through genetic modifications shows promise, it’s also important to maintain its natural resilience. Overall, B. bassiana provides long-term pest control, supports sustainable farming practices, and offers a reliable alternative to chemical pesticides, contributing to safer agriculture and environmental conservation. With continued research and strategic application, it holds great potential for future crop protection, ensuring safety for both people and the environment.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Karthik Santhosh
Department of Entomology, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, Baburayenpettai, Chengalpattu, India.

 

Vairam Namachivayam
Department of Agricultural Engineering, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, India.

 

Murugan Nagarajan
Department of Entomology, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, Baburayenpettai, Chengalpattu, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rpbs/v8/6241

Development and Assessment of an Integrated Light-Acoustic-Chemical Trap for Sustainable Crop Pest Management | Chapter 8 | Agricultural Sciences: Techniques and Innovations Vol. 4

 

In modern farming, insect traps have become an important tool for managing pests in a way that’s both effective and environmentally friendly. Instead of relying only on chemical pesticides, farmers now use a variety of traps like sticky cards, light traps, and pheromone-baited devices to monitor and control harmful insect populations. Conventional pest management relies heavily on chemical pesticides, causing environmental and ecological concerns. Therefore, eco-friendly trapping systems are necessary for sustainable agriculture. The aim of the present study was to observe and evaluate the effectiveness of a newly designed composite light-sound-lure-based trap system for monitoring and controlling insect pests. This trap was designed to assess the efficiency of various components installed in a newly developed configuration. The primary objective of the present investigation was to assess the behavioural responses of various insect and pest species to a newly designed trap. The system integrated UV light (365 nm and 395 nm), blue light, sticky cards, an electric grid, and an ultrasonic transducer. It also uses blue and white LED lights, which make the trap more visible and attractive to several other insect species. The trap also uses chemical lures, such as pheromones or food-based scents, to draw in specific pest species more effectively. The trap has an electric grid that kills insects immediately on contact. The trap was operated for three hours, from 6:30 PM to 9:30 PM. Results indicated high attraction rates for several key agricultural pests, including scarab beetles, moths, thrips, whiteflies, mosquitoes, and leafhoppers, with blue light being particularly effective against small flying insects. The sticky surfaces and electric grid contributed to enhanced pest mortality. Notably, the ultrasonic component successfully deterred bats, thereby minimising non-target interference near fruit-bearing trees. The results indicate that UV-LED light enhances spatial congruence between predator and prey. The present composite trap demonstrated considerable promise as a multi-functional, non-toxic, and field-adaptable solution for use in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems. Since this trap has not been previously studied in a quantitative framework, future research is possible regarding its effectiveness or insect interaction patterns.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Kamble V. S.
Department of Zoology, Sangola Mahavidyalaya, Sangola, Dist. Solapur (Maharashtra), India.

 

Lokhande P. S.
Department of Zoology, Sangola Mahavidyalaya, Sangola, Dist. Solapur (Maharashtra), India.

 

Yadav T. L.
Department of Zoology, Sangola Mahavidyalaya, Sangola, Dist. Solapur (Maharashtra), India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/asti/v4/6280

Green Supports for Heterogeneous Photocatalysts and their Application in Wastewater Remediation | Chapter 1 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 2

An overview of water pollution, its causes and the current scenario of water scarcity at global and national levels is addressed in the introductory section. The need for advanced oxidation techniques such as the use of homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysts is briefly presented. In this new era, researchers look into the development of green and eco-friendly photocatalysts such as metal oxide/graphene quantum dots and carbon-based supported photocatalysts. Supported photocatalysts such as carbon dots, activated carbon, biodegradable polymers, clay and glass plates or glass beads immobilized photocatalysts are also thoroughly reviewed and well presented. A highlight on the patented technologies for wastewater treatment is also presented for the benefit of the readers which might encourage more research contributions to the field.

 

Author (s) Details

Preeja. P. Thattil
Department of Science, Christ Academy Institute for Advanced Studies, Affiliated to Bangalore University, Bengaluru-560 083, Karnataka, India.

 

G. Dayana Jeyaleela
Pg & Research Department of Chemistry, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli – 620001, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

K. Kavitha

Pg & Research Department of Chemistry, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli – 620001, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

K. P. Selvanayagi

Pg & Research Department of Chemistry, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli – 620001, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

S. Sumathi
Department of Chemistry, Sri Sairam Institute of Technology, Chennai-44, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v2/3409

Unveiling Trichoderma's Secrets: Transforming Plant Health Management | Chapter 2 | Research Advances and Challenges in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 9

 

The use of chemical pesticides in agricultural practices has led to significant concerns related to health and the environment in the last few decades. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in finding alternative approaches for controlling pests and diseases that are effective and environmentally friendly. Among these alternatives, Trichoderma has gained attention due to its remarkable ability to combat various crop pathogens in sustainable form. This study aims to evaluate the revolutionary role of Trichoderma in sustainable plant health management. Biocontrol agents have gained prominence as eco-friendly substitutes for conventional chemical pesticides in disease management and crop improvement. T. harzianum a common filamentous fungus, has emerged as a promising biocontrol agent due to its multifaceted strategies for suppressing diseases and promoting crop growth. Through improving nutrient absorption, enhancing soil structure, and producing growth-promoting chemicals like auxins and cytokinins, Trichoderma promotes plant growth. The effectiveness of Trichoderma in treating a variety of plant diseases brought on by bacteria, nematodes, and fungi has been proven through field research. Trichoderma offers long-lasting protection by establishing a beneficial presence early in the plant's life cycle, whether it is applied as a foliar spray, soil treatment, or seed treatment. In conclusion, Trichoderma holds immense potential as a biocontrol agent to safeguard crops sustainably. Trichoderma species play a pivotal role in managing plant diseases due to their versatile mechanisms. As global agriculture seeks alternatives to chemical pesticides, leveraging Trichoderma's potential offers a valuable avenue toward resilient and environmentally safe crop production.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Ankit Kumar Singh
ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, (Haryana) 132001, India and CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, (Haryana) 125 004, India.

 

Ramji Singh
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110, India.

 

Pooshpendra Singh Dixit
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ganivan, Chitrakoot (Uttar Pradesh) 210 206, India.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/racas/v9/8294E

PEG-Mediated Catalyst-free Facile Protocol for N-Boc Protection of Amines under Solvent-free Conditions | Chapter 6 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 6

We have reported an efficient and eco-friendly protocol for the protection of various structurally and electronically divergent aryl and aliphatic amines using (Boc)2O in the presence of PEG-400 under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. Protection and deprotection of functional groups are important and frequently needed exercise in modern organic chemistry. Particularly protection of amines is very important due to their high nucliophilicity and basicity. The reaction occurred and giving excellent yields with low as well as high molecular weight PEGs. The study find that the reaction proceeded best under solvent-free conditions rather than using solvents. The best result was obtained with 0.5 mL of PEG - 400 for 3 mmol of aniline, under solvent-free conditions at room temperature within 5 min. This is a very general and environmentally benign eco-friendly procedure, which would prove beneficial to both academic and industrial fields.

Author(s) Details:

V. Siddaiah,
Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, India.

P. Rajitha Lakshmi,
Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V6/article/view/13530

Scale-Up of Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ethanol Extract of Plantago major L. Leaf and Its Antibacterial Potential: A Recent Study | Chapter 04 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 8

 Because of its eco-friendly, easy, and cost-effective nature, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using plant extracts is now widely optimised. The purpose of this work was to assess the scale-up trial of Plantago major L. leaf ethanolic extract in the green synthesis of Ag NPs in terms of synthesis parameter and centrifugation duration. The optimal scale-up condition of green synthesis was determined to be 0.25 percent leaf extract concentration, 70°C temperature, 60 minutes of synthesis time, and 30 minutes of centrifugation time. Various spectroscopic (UV-Vis, EDS, FTIR), microscopic (SEM, FE-TEM), and other investigations confirmed that the scale-up trial produced spherical silver nanoparticles with an average size of 12.25.11 nm (SAED, DLS, XRD). At a dosage of 20 g mL-1, the produced Ag NPs show good antibacterial action against numerous microorganisms tested. At the same time as a smaller scale of green synthesis, this work provides a nine-fold higher yield of produced Ag NPs (107.26.82 mg). A sufficient number of nanoparticles will allow for efficient characterisation as well as bioactivity testing and formulation research in cosmetics, medical ointments, and other pharmaceutical items.  

Author(S) Details

Johan Sukweenadhi
Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Surabaya, Jalan Raya Kalirungkut, Kalirungkut, Surabaya 60293, East Java, Indonesia.

Kezia Irianti Setiawan
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Jalan Raya Kalirungkut, Kalirungkut, Surabaya 60293, East Java, Indonesia.

Christina Avanti
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Jalan Raya Kalirungkut, Kalirungkut, Surabaya 60293, East Java, Indonesia.

Kartini Kartini
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Jalan Raya Kalirungkut, Kalirungkut, Surabaya 60293, East Java, Indonesia.

Esrat Jahan Rupa
Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin, 446–701, Republic of Korea.

Deok-Chun Yang
Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Yongin, 446–701, Republic of Korea.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V8/article/view/5628