Protective Role of Selenium and Vitamin E against Hexavalent Chromium Induced Hepatotoxicty and Nephrotoxicity in Rats | Chapter 4 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 5

 This affiliate aimed to decide the extent of hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by a sub-never-ending exposure to a very low environmentally appropriate dose of hexavalent chromium in addition to ameliorative potential of selenium and source of nourishment E in combination against aforementioned chronic uncovering. The protective potential of selenium and source of nourishment E against hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by chronic uncovering to a very low environmentally appropriate dose of hexavalent chromium was evaluated in male albino rats. Animals (six rats in each group) taken solution of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)  at a dosage of 1 mg / Kg b.w./day; sodium selenate (0.25 mg/kg bw) plus source of nourishment E ( 100 mg/kg bw) and supplementation of sodium selenate  plus vitamin E along with K2Cr2O7  answer ;  control group received only water purified by distillation for  ninety consecutive days.  In the rats acted with K2Cr2O7, skilled was a significant decline in body pressure gain and an increase in liver and kidney weight, in addition to an increase in serum organic compound composed of carbon, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine levels and a drop in protein and albumin levels. The endeavors of serum enzymes, SGOT, SGPT, ACP and ALP were again increased in considered animals. The projects of enzymes CAT, SOD, GPx and the levels of GSH reduced significantly and level of MDA raised in K2Cr2O7 treated rats distinguished to control animals. Liver and sort tissues exhibited face of toxicity in chromium treated mammals. All the effects were everted in supplemented group. A significant increase in MDA level and a important decrease in CAT-SOD system and GPx- GSH action is a clear indication of oxidative stress, that might have induced functional and fundamental disruption in two together liver and kidney of chromium exposed mammals. In male albino rats, incessant exposure to K2Cr2O7 at a approximately low ecologically appropriate dose experienced to hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity brought on by oxidative stress; the belongings were mitigated by selenium and vitamin E supplementation.

Author(s) Details:

Soma Choudhuri,
Department of Physiology, Tripura Medical College and Br. B.R. Ambedkar Teaching Hospital, Hapania, Agartala, Tripura – 799014, India.

Dipayan Choudhuri,
Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Agartala, Tripura – 799022, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V5/article/view/11048

Determining the Influence of Chromium Concentration on the Erosive Wear of Ni-Cr-B-Si Coatings Applied by Supersonic Flame Jet (HVOF) | Chapter 5 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol. 9

The goal of the current research is to examine how the chromium content of powder composites affects the erosion wear of Ni-Cr-B-Si coatings applied by supersonic flame jet on substrates with and without thermal treatment. Coatings were created from each powder composite without any prior heat treatment of the sub-strate and with some preliminary thermal treatment of the substrate up to 650 C. Similar conditions of abrasive particle erosion in an air stream were used to evaluate the coatings. The report also includes comparison findings for erosion wear and coating erosion wear resistance. deposited by supersonic flame jet (HVOF), which contains composites Ni-Cr-B-Si with chromium concentrations ranging from 9.9% to 13.2 percent to 14 percent to 16 percent and 20 percent, with similar particle sizes of 45 μ m and with the same amount of the other elements boron and silicon. The coatings have been put through identical regimes of erosion using air streams carrying abrasive particles under the same circumstances, including the type, size, and velocity of the particles, the length of the erosion, air pressure, the distance between the nozzle and the surface, and the angle of the jet axis with respect to the surface. It has been established that the angle of the jet stream affects the wear resistance of all coatings. In comparison to the wear resistance at angle, the wear resistance at jet angle increases within the time interval of up to times for coatings that do not undergo thermal treatment of the substrate and within the time interval of up to times for coatings that do. For the coating No. 8 of, this impact is strongest at certain periods. The wear resistance improves up to at the jet angle, and this increase is the same for all coatings. There is a significant non-linearity in the connection between erosive wear resistance and Cr concentration. Wear resistance rises as Cr concentration rises, peaking at 16 percent Cr coatings with 60° jet angle thermal treatment of the substrate. It has been discovered that the coatings with the highest content but no boron or silicon have wear resistance that is lower or almost equivalent to that of the coatings with the lowest Cr concentration.

Author(s) Details:

M. Kandeva,

Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Tribology Center, Technical University – Sofia, 8 Kl. Ohridski Blvd, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Zh. Kalitchin,

SciBuCom 2 Ltd., P.O.Box 249, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Y. Stoyanova,

Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Tribology Center, Technical University – Sofia, 8 Kl. Ohridski Blvd, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V9/article/view/7378

Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentration in Water, Soils and Sediments of La Villa River Basin, Panama | Chapter 5 | Recent Progress in Plant and Soil Research Vol. 4

 The goal was to find out how much heavy metal was in the water, sediments, and crops in the La Villa river basin in the provinces of Herrera and Los Santos in Panama. In the wet season of 2016 (May to November) and the dry season of 2017, the La Villa river basin in Panama's south central region was photographed (December to April). Twenty-two sediment and water samples were taken in the upper, middle, and lower basins using the systematic method, which entails selecting sampling stations at uniform distances and crops. The sampling was restricted to a preferably rectangular area of 10.0 m x 30.0 m, on which 15 sub-samples were taken on each grid, at a depth of 0.20 m. A rod with a clean plastic bottle was introduced against the current of the river to gather water samples. The content of heavy metals (As, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Cd) in sediments and crops was determined using USEPA (25) technique (3051A) digestion (SW-846). Heavy metals such as lead, nickel, cadmium, and manganese, which can be found in irrigation water, are a hazard because they can build in agricultural soils. Cu (upper and lower basin) and Mn (all levels) values in the sediments were found to be above the USEPA Standards during the wet season. Mn was detected in significant concentrations in the middle and lower basins, Cr in the upper and lower basins, and As in all parts of the basin during the dry season. High quantities of Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd, and Pb were identified in the waters of the basin's rivers during both rainy and dry seasons. The primary crops at each elevation of the basin were examined, with high levels of As and Cr in the top basin, and Cr and Cd in the middle and lower basins. Because 90% of the agrochemicals entering the country are meant for agriculture, it is vital to monitor the levels of heavy metals in sediments of the La Villa river basin. Each Panamanian utilises 3 kilogramme of agrochemicals per year, which is more than six times the amount used in Central America. These soils are rich in copper, manganese, and arsenic due to their geological origins, the latter being related with iron oxides and sulphides, but there is also a strong influence of anthropogenic activity, agriculture, and industry. Lead and arsenic, for example, have a low solubility in water but a high concentration in sediments. Water is the source of chromium and cadmium in crops.

Author(S) Details

José Villarreal Núñez
Instituto de Innovación Agropecuaria de Panamá, CIA-Divisa, Panama.

Adolfo Santo Pineda
Instituto de Innovación Agropecuaria de Panamá, CIA-Divisa, Panama.

Jhon Villalaz Pérez
Instituto de Innovación Agropecuaria de Panamá, CIA-Divisa, Panama.

Iván Ramos Zachrisson
Instituto de Innovación Agropecuaria de Panamá, CIA-Divisa, Panama.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/RPPSR-V4/article/view/5196

Toxicity of Chromium on the Histopathological Changes in Gill and Liver of Fresh Water Fish Labeo rohita Fingerlings | Chapter 10 | Current Aspects in Pharmaceutical Research and Development Vol. 4

 The purpose of this study was to see if the heavy metal chromium has any effect on the histopathology of Labeo rohita fingerlings. The fingerlings were subjected to a 10% sublethal chromium concentration of 96 hours Lc5o for 10, 20, and 30 days (3.5ppm). During this time, fish were fed artificially produced food (on the 10th, 20th, and 30th days, fish were removed, slaughtered, and the gill and liver tissues were removed). During a 10-day period of exposure, Gill subjected to sub-lethal chromium concentrations showed modest histological changes. Hypertrophy and degradation of the epithelium are visible after 30 days of gill lamellae fusion. Vacuolation, hepatocyte degeneration, and hepatocyte cell boundary degeneration were among the liver abnormalities. These findings revealed that the degree of distortion of metal concentrations in the gills is dosage and time dependent. Chromium has an effect on different biochemical and metabolic enzymes in the gill and liver of the freshwater fish Labeo rohita. Heavy metal stress causes histopathological abnormalities in the gill and liver of the freshwater fish Labeo rohita.

Author(S) Details

P. Naga Jyothi
Department of Fishery Science and Aquaculture, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

P. Sreenivasulu
Department of Fishery Science and Aquaculture, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPRD-V4/article/view/4708

Analysing the Heavy Metal Profile in Bottled Water and Sachet Water Samples from Various Markets in Lagos, Nigeria | Chapter 10 | Challenges and Advances in Chemical Science Vol. 2

 Water is an essential component of the body's metabolic activities. The World Health Organization has established criteria for drinking water. Water is a life-sustaining beverage that is required for all species to survive. A major public health priority is the provision of safe drinking water. The intake of polluted water causes the majority of ailments in impoverished countries. Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, the amounts of six heavy metals and six trace metals in sachet water samples and bottled water samples collected in Lagos markets, Nigeria, were measured (AAS). Except in the Bevap sachet water, Osan bottled water, Christo bottled water, and Cway bottled water samples, lead contents were below the maximum permitted values. Except for Pringad bottled water, Sunar bottled water, and Cway bottle water samples, as well as Nimbus satchet water, cadmium was not discovered in majority of the water samples. These levels were higher than the WHO's maximum allowed limits. Chromium was detected in trace quantities in all of the water samples tested. All of the other heavy metals tested were below the maximum allowable values. Iron, manganese, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium were also found at non-toxic quantities in the water samples. Heavy metals were found in five sachet water tests and seven bottle water samples, as well as concentrations of lead and cadmium in three satchet water samples and three bottled water samples. This could be hazardous if the population consumes it over an extended period of time.

Author (S) Details

O. E. Bolawa
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.

O. S. Adelusi
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CACS-V2/article/view/2659

Research on Separation of Heavy Metals by Utilizing Biomass for Environmental Remediation and 3R | Chapter 4 | Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 4

 The creation of a recycling-oriented society that follows the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) has become a global necessity. To achieve the 3Rs, contamination must be reduced; specifically, material reuse is unsafe unless it is contaminated to a low level. Soil contaminated with heavy metals, for example, cannot be used as a base material for plant growth because the contamination level exceeds the standard value. Heavy metal-injected wood was once used in buildings due to its resistance to termite attack. It has degraded into construction waste in this day and age. If not treated, the disposal of this wood may endanger the environment. In this study, we first used rice husk charcoal to reduce the mercury content in mine soil and then confirmed its impact on plants. The chromium was then adsorbed and separated from an elution model solution of wood containing chromium-copper-arsenic food using carbonized grape peel as an adsorbent. The copper was then separated using a biopolymer made by saponifying the peel of a mandarin orange. Finally, arsenic was absorbed by a biopolymer derived from chemically modifying zirconia. This study discovered that using biomass charcoal (rice husks) to fix the amount of mercury in the soil has little effect on plants. Furthermore, the use of biomass charcoal (sulfuric acid heat treatment of grape peels), saponified biomass polymers (orange skins), and chemical modifications (zirconium) assisted in the separation of chromium, copper, and arsenic in the chromate copper arsenate-treated wood leachate.

Author (s) Details

Dr. Gusmini
Department of Soil Science, University of Andalas, Padang, Indonesia.

Endar Hidayat
Department of Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Japan.

Hiroyuki Harada
Department of Environmental Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Japan.

Katsutoshi Inoue
Department of Applied Chemistry, Saga University, Japan.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/CIEES-V4/article/view/1623