Copper-Mediated Cross Coupling Reactions and Their Applications: An Overview | Chapter 2 | Chemistry and Biochemistry: Research Progress Vol. 9

 

Copper (Cu) is a promising catalytic metal for C–C bond construction through coupling transformations. Coupling strategies of a range of organo-metallic reagents, with aromatic, heteroaromatic, and alkyl halides, can be carried out by Cu-catalysts with high efficiency, demonstrating the adaptability of Cu supported catalytic methods in carrying out these transformations. Conversely, the parallel palladium-catalysed cross-coupling methods are frequently complementary to the scope and selectivity of copper-assisted methods. Furthermore, Cu-catalysts are displaying a distinct pattern of reactivity that permits ligand-less coupling for the formation of aromatic–heteroaromatic and heteroaromatic–heteroaromatic bonds, a transformation that typically calls for unique, specially created ligands with Pd-catalysts. Early findings in the field of Cu-mediated couplings to generate C-C bonds are summarised in this chapter.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Gadamani Suresh Babu
Department of Humanities & Sciences, Brilliant Institute of Engineering & Technology, Abdullapur (V), Abdullapurmet (M), R.R District-501505, India.

 

Kiran Kumar Tatapudi
Discovery Analytical R&D Department, Aragen Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

 

Surinderpal Singh
Department of Chemistry (H&S), CMR Engineering College, Kandlakoya (V), Medchal Road, Hyderabad, Telangana 501401, India.

 

Tiruveedhula Somasekhar
Department of Humanities & Sciences, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Aziz Nagar Gate, Chilkur Balaji Road, Himayat Sagar Rd, Hyderabad, Telangana 500075, India.

 

Hemambika SadasivuniDepartment of Freshmen Engineering, St. Martin’s Engineering College, Dhulapally, Hyderabad, Telangana-500100, India.

 

S. Ratna Kumari
Department of Chemistry, Basic Science & Humanities, Vignan's Nirula Institute of Technology and Science for Women, Guntur, A.P., India.

 

S N Murthy Boddapati
Department of Chemistry, Sir C R Reddy College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh-534007, India.

 

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cbrp/v9/6761

Advances in Catalysts for Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction: An Overview of a Sustainable Approach to Mitigating Pollution | Chapter 5 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 5

This study describes the development of catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia, a promising approach for the integration of renewable energy sources and an alternative for ammonia production in agriculture. Nevertheless, nitrate pollution, mainly caused by industrial effluents, wastewater and agricultural runoff, poses a serious environmental and health risk, including eutrophication and groundwater contamination. Electrochemical nitrate reduction (ENR) has proven to be a viable strategy to reduce nitrate pollution by selectively converting nitrates into environmentally friendly products such as nitrogen gas or value-added compounds. Therefore, this study critically analyzes recent advances in ENR catalysts, focusing on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), bimetallic and alloy systems, carbon-based electrocatalysts, and noble and non-noble metal catalysts. Particular attention is paid to insights into the mechanism, selectivity, stability and efficiency as well as scalability for practical applications. In addition, challenges such as catalyst deactivation, ammonia selectivity and energy efficiency should be investigated to identify strategies to improve performance. Catalytic efficiency is influenced by several factors, including reaction conditions, catalyst structure, loading methods and electrode interfaces. The catalytic activity, selectivity, Faradaic efficiency, current density and durability of different catalysts are compared by examining the structural, compositional and electrochemical properties that determine performance, providing valuable insights for future advances in the field. Ultimately, this study reveals innovative approaches for catalyst development and mechanism understanding, paving the way for a new era of sustainable and cost-effective ammonia production.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Gerald D. S. Quoie Jr.
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China and Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

 

Jean Pierre Bavumiragira
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China and Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

 

Varney Kromah
Department of Mining Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v5/4431