Comparative Study on the Antibacterial Effects of Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula and Eucalyptus globulus against Common Oral Pathogens | Chapter 8 | Pharmaceutical Science: New Insights and Developments Vol. 6

 

Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common oral infections in humans. These diseases are primarily treated with antimicrobial drugs; however, the rise in antimicrobial resistance necessitates the investigation of plant-based phytocompounds as antimicrobial agents. Plant-based antimicrobials represent a vast untapped source of medicine. They have enormous therapeutic potential as they can serve the purpose without any side effects that are often associated with synthetic antimicrobials. This study investigated the phytochemicals present in three plants, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula and Eucalyptus globulus, as well as their antibacterial effect on the cariogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 3160), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1655) and Streptococcus mutans (MTCC 890). Fruits of Phylanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula and leaves of Eucalyptus globulus were extracted in aqueous, ethanol and methanol solvents. These extracts were tested for phytochemical compounds. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was measured via a 96-well turbidimetric method. One-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparison test were performed to assess the statistical significance of antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts against the cariogenic microbes. Results of a preliminary qualitative phytochemical study of extracts revealed the presence of tannins and terpenoids in all three plants. Tannins are known to possess anthelmintic activity, whereas terpenoids also have applications in various treatments. Antibacterial activity assay showed that the plant extracts were more active against gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria. Among the tested organisms, S aureus was the most susceptible. The bacterial strains tested were more susceptible to methanol extracts, followed by ethanol, and the least effective was aqueous extract. These findings indicate that Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula and Eucalyptus globulus extracts have potential antibacterial activity against oral pathogens such as S. aureus, S. mutans and E. coli and could potentially be used treatment of dental caries. The effects of this extract may be beneficial if it is incorporated in gum, toothpaste, mouthwash and dental products to reduce plaque and dental caries. The results provide a foundation for further research into the therapeutic potential of these medicinal plants.

Author(s) Details

Asimuddin M
Head of Dental Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad, India.

 

Bhumika Ranawat
Head of Dental Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad, India.’

 

Kaiser Jamil
Head of Dental Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad, India.

 

Chandrakanth Rao
Head of Dental Department, Bhagwan Mahavir Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/psnid/v6/5715

The Potential of Terminalia chebula Aqueous Extract in Plasmid Curing Activity against R-plasmids of Microorganisms | Chapter 13 | Novel Aspects on Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 3

 From distant past, humans are benefited from usual drugs based on curative plant formulations. They are known to have preventive and helping cure abilities for various conditions. Antimicrobial resistance happens due to the mutation in microorganisms and the unfit use of antibiotics. The use of plasmid-curing powers in combination accompanying antibiotics may comprise a solution to control the development and spread of medicine resistance encrypted by antibiotic resistance plasmids. In this unit, we describe the plasmid curing venture of the protein-enriched aqueous extract from the crop of Terminalia chebula against multi-drug resistance microorganisms Bacillus subtilis and Shigella sonnei. The partially purified extract healed plasmids pUB110 and pARI-815 of B. subtilis and S. sonnei at 100% and 44% curing efficiency, individually, which was again checked by the agarose coagulate electrophoresis.

Author(s) Details:

Pratibha Srivastava,
MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune-411004, Maharashtra, India.

Prashant K. Dhakephalkar,
MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, Pune-411004, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NAPR-V3/article/view/10888

Development of Ethosomal Gel Loaded with Terminalia chebula for Effective Treatment of Arthritis | Chapter 7 | Current Overview on Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 9

 Oral route is ultimate common route of drug delivery, that has many advantages to a degree easy delivery, but further has disadvantages to a degree poor bioavailability, a tendency to produce rapid ancestry level spikes, necessitating taller doses or recurrent drug, which is difficult for the patient, and extreme cost. With all of these disadvantages in mind, skilled is a need for novel drug delivery with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and security through targeted transmittal, so that the size and number of doses maybe diminished. This maybe accomplished through transdermal delivery, that has several benefits such as avoiding first pass absorption, eliminating GI sensitivity, reducing frequency of drug, and terminating drug action quickly, etc. The familiar property of ethosomes that is to say its faster rate of drug delivery create it a suitable choice for intend drug delivery formulations for several types of never-ending inflammatory disorders place rationale of therapy turns deadly on longer course of maintenance or during relapse of the illness. To underrate the toxicity or sub-healing effect of Terminalia chebula and conversely to potentiate its engaged use in arthritis, transdermal formulation with ethosomes ability contribute a importance in its therapeutic security.Dried fruits of Terminalia chebula was culled and preliminary phytochemical evaluation was performed. Soya lecithin was used to make ethosome using a cold design.  Ethosomal gel was prepared by utilizing carbopol as gelling agent and was judged.The pharmaceutical properties of the arranged gel were judged and found to be acceptable. In comparison to the gel with extract, the invitro drug spread of ethosomal gel demonstrated better release. Invitro anti-arthritic exercise was significantly above that of standard diclofenac.In light of the aforementioned considerations, the aim of the current study was to forge a natural drug-loaded ethosomal coagulate for transdermal drug delivery, improving drug permeation compared to unoriginal dosage forms.

Author(s) Details:

Saranya Balasubramaniyam,
College of Pharmacy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-602105, India.

X. Fatima Grace,
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute (DU), Velappanchavadi, Chennai – 600 077, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COPS-V9/article/view/10172

Pharmacological Profile of Triphala with Respect to Their Chemical Constituents| Chapter 2 | Challenges and Advances in Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 9

 Ayurveda is a usual Indian system of cure which has happened practiced for 3000 age. It gives various alone and combinations of herbal and not organic drugs for various environments. Novel technologies and controlled approaches can make use of specific traditional information and help develop new drugs and/or healing uses as well as vouch for to certain usual practices. Triphala is one of ultimate commonly secondhand ayurvedic preparations. It is used to alleviate a off-course range of diseases.This review uses Ayurvedic texts in addition to scientific connected to the internet databases such as PubMed, GoogleScholar, and ScienceDirect to explore the use of scientific research forms in the ayurvedic formulation Triphala. The following search conditions were used: Triphala, terminalia chebula, terminalia bellerica, Phyllanthus embilica, synthetic constituents, gallic acid, chebulinic acid, microscopic docking. Studies about Triphala and their individual drugs in addition to their active compounds were engaging attention.This formulation has action against syndromes like indigestion to afflictions like cancer. This cure is popular with Indian folk and is secondhand even as an OTC product. There are many research everything being conducted on Triphala and allure therapeutic effect. This expression is rich in a variety of synthetic compounds including Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Steroids, Saponins, Phenols etc. Detailed studies have found presence of Chebulagic acid, Syringic acid, Epicatechin, Chebulinic acid and Gallic acids in it. However, the need to cultivate these works to a adequately usable form for the healing community has not existed met. This review decides that Triphala is a treasure that should be studied further for the benefit of global strength.

Author(s) Details:

K. M. Devasena,
Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajyakalpana (Pharmaceuticals), Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Vallikkavu, Kollam-690525, India.

S. Lekshmi Devi,
Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajyakalpana (Pharmaceuticals), Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Vallikkavu, Kollam-690525, India.

Arun Mohanan,
Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajyakalpana (Pharmaceuticals), Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Vallikkavu, Kollam-690525, India

N. V. Ramesh,
Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajyakalpana (Pharmaceuticals), Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Vallikkavu, Kollam-690525, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CAPR-V9/article/view/8671

Determination of Antimicrobial Properties of Trifala, Java Plum, Cinnamon, Henna and Cumin | Chapter 2 | Innovations in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 2

 The population uses crude plant extracts in the form of herbal extracts for the treatment of ailments, including infectious disorders, in herbal medicine. Hundreds of plant genera are used as key sources of potent and effective medications. The goal of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of several natural products derived from herbal and spice extracts, as well as to compare the antimicrobial activity of these aqueous and ethanolic extract test items using MIC and MBC as a reference. The current analysis was conducted on five fresh samples from different circumstances. The antibacterial properties of Tripfala, Java plum, Cinnamon, Henna, and Cumin against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were examined using the agar well and disc diffusion methods. Aqueous extracts of selected sample extracts had a higher zone of inhibition or antibacterial activity than ethanolic extracts. Klebsiella sp. demonstrated the lowest sensitivity to Tripfala and Java plum extracts among the five microorganisms tested, despite the fact that these aqueous and ethanolic extracts had substantial antibiotic action against four other microbes. All of the natural compounds had MIC values ranging from 12.5-25.0 ug/ml, whereas the MBC values ranged from 25 to 100.0 ug/ml. There was no change in antibacterial activity during the four-month preservation of these natural plant materials' produced discs. Tripfala and Java Plum may have the potential to be employed as a source of new broad-spectrum oral antibiotics, according to this study.

Author(S) Details

Zakaria Ahmed
Microbiology Department, Technology Wing, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.

Taslima Rahman
Microbiology Department, Technology Wing, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.

Sanchita Sarker
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Faculty, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet-3100, Bangladesh.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/IMB-V2/article/view/4714