Fabrication of Novel Guar Gum-g-poly (Methyl Methacrylate) Superabsorbent Nanocomposite, Its Characterisation, Swelling Properties and Investigation of Reaction Parameters | Chapter 7 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 6

 

Superabsorbent polymers are high-performance synthetic polymers having outstanding water-absorbing capacity. This chapter emphasises the fabrication of novel biopolymer-based superabsorbent nanocomposite using guar gum (GG) and methylmethacrylate (MMA) by free radical graft copolymerisation reaction with boric acid as a cross-linking agent and hydrogen peroxide as an initiator in a complete aqueous solution.  The fabricated superabsorbent nanocomposite has excellent water absorption capacity. Absorbency of the superabsorbent composite was measured by the free swelling method and calculated in terms of percentage swelling. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was carried out to confirm the grafting of methyl methacrylate onto guar gum. The morphological study of the composite was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) confirms the stability of the nanocomposite. The composite was characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study its crystalline nature. The water absorption capacity of the superabsorbent was measured in distilled water by the free swelling method as a function of percentage swelling and found to be 3000%. The effect of reaction parameters such as guar gum concentration, monomer concentration, initiator concentration, cross-linker concentration and temperature was investigated. The percentage swelling of the superabsorbent composite was studied at various pH values between 2.0 and 13.0. The swelling behaviour of the composite was also examined in saline solutions. The swelling behaviour of the composite was also examined in saline solutions. The result shows that swelling capacity is decreased by increasing the ionic strength of the swelling medium. This behaviour is because of the charge screening effect for monovalent cations as well as ionic crosslinking for multivalent cations. The prepared superabsorbent composite can be used in various applications like agriculture, horticulture, removal of toxic dyes, oil spill cleaning, etc.

 

 

Author(s) Details

Kartika Rathore
Applied and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur–342011, Rajasthan, India.

 

Sangeeta Loonker
Applied and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur–342011, Rajasthan, India.

 

Please see the book here :- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v6/6852

Characterisation of Bauxite and Laterite ores in Yercaud Hill, Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India | Chapter 7 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 10

The charnockitic suite of rocks underlying the bauxite deposits of Yercaud Hill consists of quartz, plagioclase and potash feldspar, ortho and clino-pyroxenes, garnet and secondary hornblende. Bauxite consists mainly of aluminum hydroxide minerals. Bauxite occurs in Yercaud Hill as a part of the Eastern Ghats range of Tamil Nadu of the Achaean age. It is formed due to residual weathering and lateritization of Achaean charnockite. In the study area, bauxite consists of hydrous aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxides and laterites, which are mostly found in humid tropical climatic conditions due to intense weathering of the parent rock. The XRD study shows that gibbsite (Al (OH)₃), goethite (FeO(OH)) and hematite (Fe₂O₃) are the major minerals in the bauxites. From the XRF analysis, the major oxides are Al₂O_3, Fe₂O_3, SiO₂, TiO₂, P₂O₅, and Cr₂O_3. Based on the Al₂O_3, SiO_2, Fe₂O₃ ternary plot, bauxites of this region have undergone strong lateritization. According to the chemical classification of laterites, Yercaud bauxites are categorized as Ferrite and Bauxitic Ferrite with some amounts of bauxite. At high Al₂O₃ weight percentage (86%), low Fe₂O₃ concentration (10.56%), and TiO₂ (0.49%) indicates it as a high-grade Bauxite of aluminium hydroxides mineral Gibbsite (Exploited mines-III, Semmedu). High Fe₂O₃ constitutes (77.61% by weight), low Al₂O₃  (18.22%) and 0.89 % TiO₂ portrays it as iron-rich laterite (Exploited mines – I, Manjakuttai). This geochemistry reveals the site-specific Al₂O₃ weight percentage of bauxite ore within the study area of Shevaroy Hill in Salem district.

 

Author (s) Details

 Aravindan.S
Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, India.

 

Sanjay Kumar Balabantaray
Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, India.

 

Bharathiraja. S
Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v10/5439

Plant-Mediated Green Route to Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis with Calotropis gigantea | Chapter 9 | Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 9

A facile, innovative and affordable green route has been demonstrated for the formation of Copper oxide nanoparticles by a biogenic method using aqueous leaf extract of calotropis gigantea which acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Copper nanoparticles received much attention owing to their high electrical conductivity, high liquefaction point, low electrochemical migration behavior, and low cost. The property of copper nanoparticles mainly depends on the synthesis route and their process parameters. The prepared Copper oxide nanoparticles were characterized by a host of different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The XRD pattern confesses that Copper oxide nanoparticles are associated with orthorhombic structure. The DRS absorption spectrum shows band gap energy corresponds to a wide band gap semiconductor The FT-IR spectra indicate the presence of chemicals which are responsible for the biochemical reaction. The Zeta Potential value revealed the stability of Copper oxide nanoparticles. Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) are used as thermoanalytical techniques to study the synthesized NPS.

 

Author (s) Details

 

K. Sofiya Dayana
Department of Physics, Sarah Tucker College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Tirunelveli, 627007, Tamilnadu, India.

 

P. Jeyaseeli
Department of Physics, Sarah Tucker College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Tirunelveli, 627007, Tamilnadu, India.

 

R. Jothi Mani
Department of Physics, Fatima College for Women, (Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Madurai, 625001, Tamilnadu, India

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpps/v9/5016

Sustainable Electroless Ni-P Deposition on Mild Steel with Natural Reductants from Lawsone | Chapter 1 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 8]

This research investigates the effects of varying bath concentrations, operating temperature, and plating time on the electroless nickel deposition process using Lawsone extract from Lawsonia inermis. The study explores how complex agents and plating parameters influence the properties and structure of the deposited layer. The electroless nickel plating bath is optimized for environmental sustainability, utilizing NiSO₄•7H₂O as the primary salt. Preliminary findings suggest that the inclusion of a complex agent enhances the plating growth rate while maintaining an optimal pH of 6-8. The study highlights the potential for low phosphorus content, high density, and minimal porosity in the deposits, underscoring their excellent corrosion resistance. This work presents a novel, eco-friendly approach to nickel deposition with significant applications in industries requiring durable and corrosion-resistant coatings.

 

Author (s) Details

 

H. Asia Thabassoom
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College, 620020, India.

 

J. Felicita Florence
PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College, 620002, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rdcbr/v8/2714 

Advanced Metal Oxide Nanostructures for Environmental Remediation: Synthesis and characterization of PbO, MgO, TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ | Chapter 5 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 8

Aims: This study discusses the synthesis and characterization of metal oxide nanomaterials for environmental remediation applications, with emphasis on their photocatalytic properties.

Methodology: Two kinds of metal oxides, PbO and MgO, were prepared for the degradation application of textile dye methylene blue. In parallel, a porous thin film with heterojunction of TiO₂ modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) prepared by several molecular weights from 300 to 20.000 the best porous sample was covered by Fe₂O₃ by electrodeposition technique.

PbO and MgO oxides were synthesized by coprecipitation, while TiO₂-PEG/Fe₂O₃ heterojunction was prepared by Sol-Gel, spin coating and electrodeposition method. Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and morphological analysis by atomic force microscopy (AFM) also with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Photocatalytic performances were evaluated via the degradation of methylene blue dye.

Results: PbO and MgO oxides, as well as TiO₂-PEG/Fe₂O₃ heterojunction, demonstrated significant efficiency in the degradation of methylene blue dye, confirming their potential for environmental remediation. The results show that these nanomaterials can be effective agents for the photodegradation of organic contaminants.

Conclusion: Metal oxide nanomaterials have great potential for environmental remediation applications.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Saloua Helali
Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, King Faisal Road, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia and Nanomaterials and Systems for Renewable Energy Laboratory, Research and Technology Center of Energy, Technoparc Borj Cedria, BP 095 Hammam Lif, Tunisia.

 

Zoubaida Landolsi
Nanomaterials and Systems for Renewable Energy Laboratory, Research and Technology Center of Energy, Technoparc Borj Cedria, BP 095 Hammam Lif, Tunisia.’

 

Ibtissem Ben Assaker
Nanomaterials and Systems for Renewable Energy Laboratory, Research and Technology Center of Energy, Technoparc Borj Cedria, BP 095 Hammam Lif, Tunisia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v8/3495

Doped Cerium Oxide: Effect of Sintering Temperature on Density, Structural and Morphological Properties of Mg, Sr Doped Ceria | Chapter 9 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 9

 

Doped Cerium oxide continued to be the candidate electrolyte material due to its stability and superior ionic conductivity compared to YSZ. Strontium doped and Magnesium doped Ceria solid solutions, Ce0.99Sr0.01O1.995 and Ce0.99Mg0.01O1.995 were synthesized by cost-effective solid-state reaction method and were sintered at 1200oC, 1300oC and 1400oC to investigate the effect of sintering temperature and doping on density, structural and morphological properties. The bulk densities were measured by the Archimedes method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate that the synthesized samples were in single-phase cubic fluorite structure (space group Fm3m). The surface morphology was determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micrographs show spherical faceted grains, and the samples were crack-free, dense material with some pores on the surface which are inconsistent with density results. The chemical composition was analyzed by the EDS technique. It is observed that the density increases with increasing sintering temperature and with doping of strontium. The grain size depends on the sintering temperature and type of doping. The lattice parameter increases with sintering temperature and substitution of Sr in ceria. The Grain size of Sr-doped ceria decreases, whereas that of Mg-doped ceria increases. EDS spectra show that the samples are free of contaminants. The Ce_0.99Sr_0.01  O_1.995 shows a more open structure than the undoped ceria.

Author(s) Details:

Syed Ismail Ahmad,
General Sciences Department – Physics Division, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, P.O. Box No. 31096, Jeddah 21418, Saudi Arabia.

 

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V9/article/view/14317

Effects of Processing Parameters in the SPPS and to Understand Their Implications and Improvization | Chapter 9 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 9

The preliminary investigations have been carried out about the effects of processing parameters in the SPPS and to understand their implications and improving of this process. The thermal spray processes have been using the different kind of powder feed stocks such as for the coating. It has been widely used for various purposes like to protect from corrosion, improve durability and oxidation resistance properties at high temperature and it can reduce the metal service temperature.
 
The Solution Precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) process has been used for Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs). In this work Zirconyle nitrate is used as solution precursor. It has prepared in house for plasma spray. The prepared solution has successfully deposited on the substrate by SPPS process.The deposited coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM observations showed significant effect of processing conditions on the microstructure of YSZ coatings. The prepared solution can be used for the surface coating.

Author(s) Details:

R. Sudarshan,
Geethanjali College of Engineering and Technology, Cheeryal (V), Keesara (M), RR Dist., Telangana, India.

Sriram Venkatesh,
University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.

K. Balasubramanian,
NonFerrous Materials Technology Development Centre, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, India.

Noundla Ramya,
NonFerrous Materials Technology Development Centre, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPSTR-V9/article/view/14201

ELectroless Ni-W-P Alloy Deposition on Mild Steel Using Lawsone Isolated from Lawsonia inermis Linn Leaf Acts as Complexing Agent | Chapter 7 | Recent Developments in Chemistry and Biochemistry Research Vol. 1

Electroless plating, sometimes referred to as chemical plating or auto-catalytic plating, is a non-galvanic plating method that incorporates numerous continuous chemical processes in an aqueous solution without the usage of external electrical power. Electroless coatings are used in many industries nowadays due to their good properties, such as corrosion and wear resistance, hardness and uniform thickness. Nickel sulphate and Sodium tungstate was used as Nickel and tungsten sources respectively, Sodium hypophosphite was used as a reducing agent. The effect of Lawsone isolated from Lawsonia inermis Linn leaf extract and found that complexing agent Sodium citrate was replaced by Lawsone which enhances plating properties. In order to characterise Ni-W-P surfaces, SEM, EDAX and XRD methods were used. We looked at the Ni-W-P corrosion resistance behaviour as well as electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarisation curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Corrosion tests show that electroless Ni-W-P coatings deposited in all conditions significantly improve mild steel corrosion resistance. Metal that is electrolessly deposited has good corrosion resistance.

Author(s) Details:

H. Asia Thabassoom,
Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620002, India.

J. Felicita Florence,
Department of Chemistry, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620002, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RDCBR-V1/article/view/13629

Impact of Low Concentrations of TiO2 on the Physical and Optical Characteristics in Borobismuthate Glasses | Chapter 5 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 4

 A set of blinkers was preapred using the melt quenching method with arrangement 20 BaO- 10Bi2O3-(70-x) B2O3 – x TiO2 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 mol%). X-ray Diffraction (XRD) investigations confirmed that all samples in this place batch exhibited an nebulous structure. The limits, including density, something that chops volume, and oxygen packing bulk (OPD), were calculated. It was noticed that density ranged from 3.978 to 3.843, and the something that chops volume showed matching changes with differences in density, which were assign to the creation and alteration of Non-Bridging Oxygen (NBO) sites. Optical incorporation investigations were completed activity on a series of glass samples. It was noticed that the optical bandgap energy (Eopt) raised with the influx of titanium dioxide, but decreased as the concentration of TiO2 resumed to rise. The metallization criterion (M) showed an beginning increase upon the addition of TiO2, but afterward remained relatively perpetual as the TiO2 content increased. This suggests that these cheaters may exhibit traits of amorphous semiconductors. Additionally, various added optical parameters, to a degree refractive index (n), absorption cooperative (α), extinction coefficient (K), ocular conductivity (σop), optical polarizability (αo), and ocular basicity (∧th), were evaluated for all the samples and resolved with respect to wavelength.

Author(s) Details:

Pavan Kumar Pothuganti,
Department of Humanities and Sciences (Physics), VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana-500 090, India.

Ashok Bhogi,
Department of Humanities and Sciences (Physics), VNR Vignana Jyothi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana-500 090, India.

Muralidhara Reddy Kalimi,
Department of EIE, R.G.M. College of Engineering and Technology, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh-518 501, India.

Padamasuvarna Reniguntla,
Department of Physics, JNTUA-College of Engineering, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh- 515 002, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V4/article/view/12545

Structural and Electrical Properties of Bismuth Sodium Titanate (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) Ceramics | Chapter 10 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 2

 Recent growths in high-hotness technology have increased the demand for dielectric potteries with sturdy dielectric properties. Furthermore, dielectric ceramics are judgment enormous requests in various energy depository systems. To address these necessities, this study mainly is focused on giving relaxor characteristics to Bismuth Sodium Titanate Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) potteries. A single-phase lead-free (BNT) perovskite ferroelectric porcelain was successfully combined via the solid-state response method. This study offers an painstaking examination on the structural and energetic characteristics of the BNT stoneware. Through phase analysis promoting Rietveld refined X-ray dissemination, it was determined that the crystal building of the BNT ceramic is alone-phase and possesses rhombohedral (R3c) proportion. Raman spectroscopy measurements further support the rhombohedral building of BNT, as indicated by the demeanor of multiple peaks risinging from the TiO6 octahedra. The ferroelectric nature of the BNT sample was confirmed through hysteresis loop calculations of polarization vs. energetic field (P-E). The BNT sample exhibited characteristic values of vestige polarization (Pr) and forcible field (Ec), which were measured expected 1.63 μC/cm2 and 29.91 kV/cm, respectively. The ferroelectric state transition was also noticed in temperature-contingent dielectric studies, with a transition hotness of 323 °C. Remarkably, the material displayed reduced values of tanδ even at high hotnesses, such as 500 °C, at a repetitiveness of 1 MHz. This suggests that the prepared BNT sample exhibits wonderful dielectric properties over a expansive temperature range, making it well-suited for a assortment of applications.

Author(s) Details:

Bijayalaxmi Kuanar,
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, GIET University, Gunupur-765022, Odisha, India.

Biswajit Dalai,
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, GIET University, Gunupur-765022, Odisha, India.

Dhrubananda Behera,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, NIT Rourkela–769008, Odisha, India.

Hari Sankar Mohanty,
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, GIET University, Gunupur-765022, Odisha, India.

Krishnamayee Bhoi,
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, GIET University, Gunupur-765022, Odisha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V2/article/view/12332

Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of Pr3+-Doped CdWO4 Using Godzilla Insecticide | Chapter 2 | Novel Aspects on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

 This study examined the photocatalytic performance of hydrothermally caused Pr3+-doped CdWO4 nanoparticles. XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy plans were used to characterise the produced sample. Using XRD to analyse the able samples' structural possessions, it was discovered that the sample had crystallised in a reduced-temperature, monoclinic construction without some impurity steps. FT-IR studies indicate the attendance of functional groups present in the adapted sample. SEM image revealed an agglomeration of nanoparticles. The band-break was calculated from Tauc's plot, and the band-break energy was raise to be 2.51eV, appropriate for the photocatalytic activity in the UV-seeable region and worked out the degradation allotment of 83.5 % successfully. Also, the energetic study for the degradation showed that it understands the first-order reaction as it shown the negative slope when the graph was schemed between ln[Ct] vs Time.

Author(s) Details:

N. Mohondas Singh,

Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796004, India.

Monica Lalnunsiami Zadeng,

Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796004, India.

Fidelia Lalrindiki,

Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796004, India.

Lallianmawii,

Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796004, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NACB-V4/article/view/11253

XRD, XPS and Dynamic SIMS Analyses of p-Type Zinc Oxynitride Thin Films Deposited on Silicon Wafers by MOCVD | Chapter 5 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 6

 The present study proposed to determine the XRD, XPS and Dynamic SIMS studies of p-Type Zinc Oxynitride Thin Films Deposited on Silicon Wafers by MOCVD. Zinc oxide thin film is a available material for several hard state applications on account of its many favourable properties. Bis(glycinato-N,O) metallic mineral precursor was combined and used to deposit zinc oxynitride thin films on SiO2 substrates at 390°C and 420°C individually, using the metalorganic synthetic vapour deposition (MOCVD) method. The thin films produced were distinguished with vehement probe, x-ray diffractometry (XRD), radioactivity photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and dynamic subordinate ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Thin-film technology plays an main role that admits deposition of very thin tiers (from a few nanometres just before the angstrom level) of semiconductor material on a supporting substrate. The happening material exhibits novel mechanical, synthetic, optical and energetic properties accompanying the reduction in capacity to the nanometre scale, which is the result of surface and quantum imprisonment effects. The vehement probe tests showed that the thin films had p-type generated power. XRD spectra of the films present poorly defined peaks, meaning blurred crystallinity. The XPS reasonings revealed the occupancy of Zn, O and N peaks, with the thin films located at 390°C having taller N-doping level than those located at 420°C. Results of destructive layer reasonings conducted all the while dynamic SIMS tests on the films were unsatisfactory. The results show that lower deposition hotnesses using the forerunner may be chosen to higher hotnesses even though the thin films were very thin. Optics and dependable state electronics manage both use the p-type zinc oxynitride.

Author(s) Details:

U. S. Mbamara,
Department of Physics, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V6/article/view/10831

Biogenic Synthesis and Size Distribution Analysis of Iron Nanoparticles of Fungus Penicillium crustosum, Isolated from Taxus baccata Linn| Chapter 10 | Research Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology Vol. 5

 The study is focused on the combination and analysis of the capacity of iron nanoparticles (INPs), synthesized from Penicillium crustosum, a fungal endophyte populating in Taxus baccata Linn. After microscopic level identification, the fungal extract was assign the synthesis of Iron nanoparticles. The formation of Iron nanoparticles was habitual by SPR and UV-vis spectral study as specific peaks were acquired at 230 nm and 290 nm. The powdered form of INPs acquired after Lyophilization was assign size description using Radioactivity diffraction (XRD), place the average size was deliberate using Debye-Scherrer’s recipe and it showed the average capacity of INPs was 34.18 nm. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential reasoning showed that the Z average of the INPs was 424.3 r.nm, accompanying zeta potential -20.3 mV with PdI 0.688 improving polydispersity. Tools like Field issuance scanning power microscopy (FEG-SEM), and high-determination transmission power microscopy (HRTEM) were used to study the surface and size of combined INPs, here the capacity was 39.94 nm and 29.09 nm, respectively. The occupancy of elemental iron in the sample was habitual by using Strength dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) confirmed that the made nanoparticles were ferromagnetic. This study concluded that the endophytic fungi P. crustosum maybe used as a potential lowering agent for the combination of Iron nanoparticles in a safe and economical way.

Author(s) Details:

Ankush Sharma,
Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Anand Sagar,
Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RAMB-V5/article/view/10488

Sol Gel Synthesis and Characterization of Carbides | Chapter 7 | Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Materials Sciences Vol. 1

 This phase deals with the preparation, features, electrochemical and electrical generated power behaviour of carbides. Zirconium carbide (ZrC) was synthesized by a simple brightest star–gel arrangement using zirconium n-propoxide, acetic acid, and sweet substance as carbon beginning. The sol-gel deal with of materials offers various potential advantages over conventional forms. The most important are enhanced properties regarding the particular microstructural features. The unit presents the synthesis of ZrC powders by the brightest star-gel means.  When heat-treated at 900ºC under flowing argon flow, gels translated into intimately assorted amorphous raw powder. Further heat situations above 1200, 1300, 1500ºC led to the composition of zirconium carbide with some disappeared oxygen in the lattice. The potential fanlight and the electrochemistry of standard redox reactions have been examined in 1 M KCl solution at a flip through rate of 50 mV s-1using cyclic voltammetry in the potential region of -1 to 1.4 V. Electrochemical limits of the carbide using natural electrolyte have been studied by recurrent voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrical generated power as a function of temperature in the range of 50-950ºC is also examined.q

Author(s) Details:

Anju Dixit,
Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences UIET, C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTEIMS-V1/article/view/10423

Characterization of Electrodeposited Mn-Cu-Zn Coating for Corrosion Protection | Chapter 6 | Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Materials Sciences Vol. 1

 Preparation of new hardware alloy coatings capable of looking after steel from corrosion is a big objective of electrochemical deposition and working galvanotechnics. A growing interest of researchers in alloys electrodeposition is for the most part caused for one cost-effectiveness of ingot coatings due to inexpensive and environmental electrolytes used.  In that regard, of particular interest was the feasibility of obtaining manganese alloys from high anti-disintegration performance accompanying suitable mechanical features. Manganese, a metal accompanying high negative standard potential (-1.18V, SHE) is chemically alive and easily reacts with air oxygen and liquid. Despite their high effect, electrocoatings of clean manganese are fragile and either of impact are easily removed from a fortify surface to get shielded from corrosion. To decrease chemical endeavor and brittleness of manganese, it is mixed with metals of lower negative standard potential, like with Cu, Zn and others.The aim of present research is obtaining of excellence coating of Mn-Cu-Zn alloy, determination of limits of electrolysis, electrolyte composition, effect of photoelectric current density on synthetic composition, morphology and form of coatings. Also, corrosion tests of electrodeposited alloys are intentional.

Author(s) Details:

Gigla Tsurtsumia,
TSU, Rafael Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 11 Mindeli Str., Tbilisi 0186, Georgia.

David Gogoli,
TSU, Rafael Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 11 Mindeli Str., Tbilisi 0186, Georgia.

Nana Koiava,
TSU, Rafael Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 11 Mindeli Str., Tbilisi 0186, Georgia.

Izolda Kakhniashvili,
TSU, Rafael Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 11 Mindeli Str., Tbilisi 0186, Georgia and Georgian Technical University, 69 Kostava Str., Tbilisi 0176, Georgia.

Nunu Jokhadze,
TSU, Rafael Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 11 Mindeli Str., Tbilisi 0186, Georgia.

Tinatin Lezhava,
TSU, Rafael Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 11 Mindeli Str., Tbilisi 0186, Georgia.

Nikoloz Nioradze,
TSU, Rafael Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 11 Mindeli Str., Tbilisi 0186, Georgia.

Dimitri Tatishvili,
G. Tsulukidze Mining Institute, 7 Mindeli Str., Tbilisi 0186, Georgia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTEIMS-V1/article/view/10313

Investigating the Effect of Post Annealing on Antibacterial Activity of Zno thin Films Prepared by Modified Silar Technique | Chapter 2 | Progress in Chemical Science Research Vol. 7

 The reduced Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) technique was used to forge thin films of zinc group of chemical elements (ZnO). The produced ZnO films' ocular, structural, and uncontaminated characteristics were examined concerning their annealing temperature, that ranged from 250°C to 450°C. ZnO is individual of the promising matters that have no negative impacts on human health when distinguished to other metals and mineral oxide. Utilizing photoluminescence and UV-apparent spectroscopy, optical traits were investigated. When compared to the largeness value, ocular absorption ranges showed a vulgar shift, and PL tests confirmed the attendance of interstitial Zn+ ion defects and oxygen ion vacancies in the produced ZnO thin films. The invention of the hexagonal aspect of ZnO was shown apiece X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern, and it was discovered that the force of the film increased with an increase in annealing hotness.  Images taken utilizing a field emission flipping through electron microscope (FESEM) illustrate the substrate's presence during the whole of with a makeup like a flower and a pinhole-free covering.  Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E.coli) was well dependent on the occupancy of interstitial Zn+ ions and for Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) it was dependent on oxygen vacancy in the films.

Author(s) Details:

R. Sakthivel,
Department of Electronics, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641014, India.

A. Geetha,
Department of Chemistry, Hindusthan College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore – 641028, Tamilnadu, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/PCSR-V7/article/view/9843

Environmental Impact and Transformations of Mine Tailings of Redi Mines in Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India | Chapter 6 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 5

 Mining is saw as one of the basic causes of environmental shame. However, the exploration of this venture causes soil degradation, loud noises, and an impact on the encircling environment.  The mine thought-out here as a case study is the Redi Mine, that annually extracts 0.035 to 0.04 heap tonnes of iron ore.  Redi mines mineral contain Fe, Mn as important elements and Al, Si as minor elements in addition to traces of Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, and P. The toxic trace components present in the ore have again contributed to the adulteration of the environment. The different excavating processes, machinery working, transportation, the science of applying power to use, and the types of waste management methods used are the key subscribers to the nature of mine tailings.  Tailing studies have disclosed that, in addition to basic contaminations, the operations conceive acidic atmospheres in the surrounding area, contaminating water, soil, and the overall surroundings, as well as providing to air pollution. The orderly studies and chemical studies, as well as the use of sophisticated means, explain the ideal case of mine spying and their environmental impact.

Author(s) Details:

Arun D. Sawant,
Inorganic Chemistry Division, Institute of Science, 15, Madam Cama Road / Dr. HomiBhabha State University, Mumbai, India and University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

Vikas A. Thakur,
Inorganic Chemistry Division, Institute of Science, Mumbai, 15, Madam Cama Road, Mumbai, India and Department of Chemistry, Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’s Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College, Vashi (Autonomous), Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Dipak J. Garole,
Inorganic Chemistry Division, Institute of Science, Mumbai, 15, Madam Cama Road, Mumbai, India and Directorate of Geology and Mining, Government of Maharashtra, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V5/article/view/9882

Structural, Thermal and Surface Morphological Properties of Lead Based Perovskites| Chapter 6 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 7

 The brightest star-gel system was used to create tetragonal lead titanate porcelain nanoparticles. A solution of lead acetate and titanium isopropoxide was gelated in a financially sound system of intoxicating and acetyl acetone. The gel was fiery for 5 hours in a normal air kiln at 120oC to produce ceramic powder, that was then calcined for two hours at 600oC and sintered to 1100oC. The calcined and sintered powders were from thermal chemical analysis X-ray diffraction and Scanning energized matter microscopic reasoning.

Author(s) Details:

Anju Dixit,
Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, UIET, CSJM University Kanpur, India.

P. S. Dobal,
Department of Physics, VSSD College Kanpur, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V7/article/view/9415

Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nano Particles and their Characterization| Chapter 5 | Cutting Edge Research in Biology Vol. 2

 The combination of nanoparticles using green technologies has taken a lot of consideration in recent years. The study inquires to synthesise copper oxide nanoparticles at range temperature using Catharanthus Roseus leaf extract. This process is 100% green, accompanying no hazardous or injurious solvents. Copper sulphate dehydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) and Catharanthus Roseus leaf extract were linked to create copper group of chemical elements micro atoms. By using XRD, FT-IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy, the bio-combined copper oxide nano-atoms were examined and judged.

Author(s) Details:

S. Nazarath Begum,
Department of Physics, Sadakathullah Appa College, Tirunelveli-627011, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CERB-V2/article/view/8887

Studies on the Properties of Pulsed Laser Deposited ZnO-Y2O3 (YZO) Thin Films for Application as TCO Layer in Solar Cells| Chapter 2 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 3

 ZnO is typically an n-type semiconductor with the expansive direct band gap of 3.37 eV and the material is naturally plentiful in the earth’s crust. Owing to allure low toxicity ZnO finds request in devices like cosmic cells, flat panel displays and thin film transistors. It is a important wide bandgap material accompanying appreciable transparence which is widely handled in transparent conducting group of chemical elements layer requests. However, metal sedating on ZnO reports was extensively investigated for bringing into harmony the electrical features. This article is met on pulsed ray of light deposition of ZnO-Y2O3 (YZO) thin films with differing concentrations of Y2O3 (0-5%) as a dopant in ZnO. X-ray diffraction range of the YZO thin films exhibits the presence of having six of something wurtzite structure with a favored orientation near the (002) plane. Morphology aspects of the film accept with XRD results that shows a uniform distribution till 2 wt% and resulted ingrain growth accompanying increasing wt% of Y2O3. The influence of Y2O3 aggregation on the optical travel of ZnO is investigated by UV- Vis spectroscopy. The electrical resistivity of the located films is in the order ∼10-4 that was on par with the former reports suitable for TCO applications.

Author(s) Details:

A. Youvanidha,
Department of Nanosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India.

B. Vidhya,
Department of Nanosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India and Department of Physics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India.

P. Issac Nelson,
Department of Physics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India.

R. Rathes Kannan,
Department of Physics, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India.

S. K. Suresh Babu,
Department of Nanosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V3/article/view/8587