Synthesis and Sensing Behavior of Pure and Doped BaTiO₃ | Chapter 3 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Research Findings Vol. 1

Barium titanate (BaTiO₃) is a widely studied perovskite material with exceptional ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties, making it highly suitable for sensing applications. Its perovskite structure enables spontaneous polarization, tunable bandgap, and high dielectric permittivity. Doping BaTiO₃ with transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni) and rare-earth elements (La, Sc, Gd) significantly enhances its electrical properties, oxygen vacancy concentration, and stability, improving its gas, humidity, and temperature sensing capabilities. Various synthesis techniques, including solid-state reaction, sol-gel, hydrothermal, and co-precipitation methods, influence BaTiO₃’s structural and functional properties. Doping alters charge transport, defect chemistry, and adsorption characteristics, optimizing its sensing performance. Gas sensing in BaTiO₃ is governed by surface interactions, electron transfer mechanisms, and defect-induced conductivity changes. Its ability to detect CO₂, NH₃, and H₂ is enhanced by specific dopants that modulate electronic states and oxygen vacancy formation. Piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties enable BaTiO₃’s use in pressure sensors, energy harvesters, and actuators, where mechanical stress induces charge generation. Doping improves domain wall mobility and response time, increasing its sensitivity and reliability. Comparative analysis shows doped BaTiO₃ outperforms pure BaTiO₃ in selectivity, response time, and sensing efficiency.

 

Author (s) Details

Ganesh Malik
Nano Innovation Laboratory, School of IKST, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Tanushree Das
Nano Innovation Laboratory, School of IKST, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Yasobanta Das
Department of Chemistry, School of IKST, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Srinibas Panda
Department of Physics, School of IKST, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Bikram Keshari Das
Nano Innovation Laboratory, School of IKST, Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences (KISS) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, Odisha, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsrf/v1/4299

Effect of Calcium Doping on Photocatalytic Degradation Efficiency of LaMnO3 on Removal of Methylene Blue | Chapter 7 | Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 1

 

This study addresses a significant environmental issue by exploring an efficient method for removing organic pollutants from wastewater, which is crucial for mitigating water pollution. The study's findings contribute to the development of advanced photocatalytic materials and techniques, offering potential solutions for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. Calcium-doped lanthanum manganiteLa0.75Ca0.25MnO3 having a Perovskite structure shows a high degree of catalytic efficiency for the removal of organic pollutants (Methylene Blue dye) from its aqueous solution. Organic dyes in wastewater are effective environmental pollutants, the removal of which is a challenging issue. Photocatalytic degradation of such dyes on the surface of metal oxides has been intensively studied and it is found that semiconductor-mediated heterogeneous catalysts are promising candidates to degrade a wide range of organic pollutants. The sample powder(LCMO) has been prepared through the sol-gel technique and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic-Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The XRD data showed the formation of a single crystalline phase. SEM images showed that the micro-sized LCMO sample had a nanocrystalline structure with an average diameter of 1-5 µm. The ICP-AES and EDX data confirmed the formation of the required stoichiometric La1-xCaxMnO3 Oxide. Calcium doping resulted in the reduction of band gap energy(Eg) of the perovskite whose catalytic performance towards photodegradation of Methylene Blue(MB)  dye(5 ppm) was evaluated over visible light irradiation at constant dose for several hours at pH value 4. The result showed the photocatalytic efficiency of La0.75Ca0.25MnO3 nanocomposite (0.07 g l-1) was 68.52 % of the initial dye concentration within 100 min illumination time. The linear increase in the rate of photodegradation was found in our sample as a function of irradiation time with a reaction rate of 1.582 x10-3 min-1. The activated electron in the conduction band also responds with an oxygen molecule that is adsorbed on the outer layer of the photocatalyst to form a superoxide radical. These findings showed convincingly that La1-xCaxMnO3 photocatalyst possessed great promise for visible-light-driven photodegradation of MB dye and signifies the effective material for environmental pollution remediation and water treatment technologies. The reproducibility of the sample for degradation was studied.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Himansulal Nayak
Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India.

 

Biswajit Padhi
Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v1/8567E

Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of Nano-structure BaTiO3 Loaded with Sr: Co: Fe Ions; for Different Applications | Chapter 12 | Current Perspective to Physical Science Research Vol. 9

The current work inspiration is to progress the dielectric properties of perovskite nano-structure powder BaTiO3 designated as (BT*) triply-dope by 3 different transition elements (TE) such as; Sr, Fe and Co designated as (TDBTTE*). The following chemical compositions; Ba_0.9Sr_0.1TiO₃, (Ba_(1-x)Sr_xTiO₃,) where (x=0.10) and (Ba _0.9Sr_0.1 Ti_(1-x-y)Fe_xCo_yO₃), where (x=0.1,y=0) and (x=0 and y=0.10 ) and (x=0.5,y=0.5) designated as, (BST*) and (BST10FO*), (BST10CO*) and (BST5F5CO*), respectively were used in the samples preparation, then, heated at constant calcination temperature (CT*) 850oC. For dielectric measurement, the temperature range between 25˚C and 250˚C, respectively, and the dielectric range frequency between 42 Hz and 1 MHz was achieved. There is a sudden decrease in the (ε′) value for (BST*) and a rise in its value for (BST10CO*) and (BST5F5CO*), respectively. However, the addition of Fe³+ and Co²+ ions resulted in an increase in (ε′) of the (BST10FO*), (BST10CO*), and (BST5F5CO*) compared to the (BST*) host material at the same (CT*). These advancements in microstructure and firing density are thought to be connected to these modifications in dielectric characteristics. The (B10ST10C) exhibits the highest relative permittivity (ε') value.

The cited (TDBTTE*), which made by means of the (BT*) and (BST*) candidates as host materials for high-frequency ultrasonic and energy storage applications. A sudden decrease in the dielectric permittivity (DP*) by increasing the frequency range obtained for (TDBTTE*). The adapted sol-gel process (ASGP*) was employed in the sample’s preparation. The transmission electron microscope (TEM*) approves the prepared samples' nano-crystalline phase presence. Moreover, enrichment in the magnetization properties appeared by drawing the magnetic hysteresis loop. An increase in the saturation of the magnetization at room temperature was detected by reducing the crystallite sizes (CS*) of (TDBTTE*) which, we can consider promising candidates for energy storage, electrocaloric and spintronic applications.

Author(s) Details:

I.K. Battisha,
Solid State Physics Department, Physics Research Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Behooth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt and Electric and Dielectric Materials Measurement Unit, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Behooth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

 

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CPPSR-V9/article/view/14439

Structural and Electrical Properties of Bismuth Sodium Titanate (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) Ceramics | Chapter 10 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 2

 Recent growths in high-hotness technology have increased the demand for dielectric potteries with sturdy dielectric properties. Furthermore, dielectric ceramics are judgment enormous requests in various energy depository systems. To address these necessities, this study mainly is focused on giving relaxor characteristics to Bismuth Sodium Titanate Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) potteries. A single-phase lead-free (BNT) perovskite ferroelectric porcelain was successfully combined via the solid-state response method. This study offers an painstaking examination on the structural and energetic characteristics of the BNT stoneware. Through phase analysis promoting Rietveld refined X-ray dissemination, it was determined that the crystal building of the BNT ceramic is alone-phase and possesses rhombohedral (R3c) proportion. Raman spectroscopy measurements further support the rhombohedral building of BNT, as indicated by the demeanor of multiple peaks risinging from the TiO6 octahedra. The ferroelectric nature of the BNT sample was confirmed through hysteresis loop calculations of polarization vs. energetic field (P-E). The BNT sample exhibited characteristic values of vestige polarization (Pr) and forcible field (Ec), which were measured expected 1.63 μC/cm2 and 29.91 kV/cm, respectively. The ferroelectric state transition was also noticed in temperature-contingent dielectric studies, with a transition hotness of 323 °C. Remarkably, the material displayed reduced values of tanδ even at high hotnesses, such as 500 °C, at a repetitiveness of 1 MHz. This suggests that the prepared BNT sample exhibits wonderful dielectric properties over a expansive temperature range, making it well-suited for a assortment of applications.

Author(s) Details:

Bijayalaxmi Kuanar,
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, GIET University, Gunupur-765022, Odisha, India.

Biswajit Dalai,
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, GIET University, Gunupur-765022, Odisha, India.

Dhrubananda Behera,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, NIT Rourkela–769008, Odisha, India.

Hari Sankar Mohanty,
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, GIET University, Gunupur-765022, Odisha, India.

Krishnamayee Bhoi,
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, GIET University, Gunupur-765022, Odisha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V2/article/view/12332

Advances and Challenges in High-temperature Electrochemical CO2 Conversion Technology | Chapter 9 | Advances and Challenges in Science and Technology Vol. 4

 During ancient times century, CO2 emissions about the world have stretch to grow at an astonishing rate. In current years, accompanying the proposal of the global aim of “carbon retaliation”, high-temperature CO2 electrolysis science based on solid group of chemical elements electrolysis cell (SOEC) has escorted in a rapid development event. SOECs operating at elevated hotnesses can not only make full use of environmental pollutant heat but also convert CO2 into hydrocarbon fuels or extreme-value-added synthetic products by way of electrochemical reactions. Currently, multiple nations around the world have redistributed various extreme-temperature electrochemical CO2 conversion projects. In 2017, Haldor Topsøe A/S (Denmark) stated the world’s first monetary CO2 electrolysis system, which can produce CO vapor through SOEC electrolysis of CO2, with a result capacity of up to 10 Nm3 CO2/h. In 2019, Sunfire GmbH (German) grown a high-temperature co-electrolysis parade system that can product syngas at 4 Nm3/h rate. In 2020, the University of Aarhus (Denmark) reported a CO2 methanation catalyst based on SOEC, that can upgrade biogas to pipeline bulk methane in a 10 Nm3/h exploratory device. Compared to the high-hotness water electrolysis for hydrogen production, the scale of the extreme-temperature CO2 electrolysis device is nearly small. With the increasing demand for strength density and capacity density of CO2 conversion tools in various new use fields, further research and development is necessary to overcome the challenges of extreme cost and low stamina in large-scale application and commercialization.

Author(s) Details:

Yifeng Li,
SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Beijing 100013, China.

Longgui Zhang,
SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Beijing 100013, China.

Bo Yu,
Tsinghua University, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Beijing 100084, China.

Jianxin Zhu,
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.

Changjiang Wu,
SINOPEC (Beijing) Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Beijing 100013, China.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/ACST-V4/article/view/12101

Use of Perovskite in X-ray Detection for Medical Imaging Technology: A Novel Perspectives | Chapter 3 | Fundamental Research and Application of Physical Science Vol. 1

 In this review paper the challenges and future scope of the reported work in the lead based and lead free single and polycrystalline perovskites is studied. Most of the reported results are based on single pixel detection.  Perovskite crystals are suitable for X-ray detection because of their special properties and easy synthesis. The following sections discuss the structure of perovskite crystals, performance metrics, crystallisation methods, benefits and drawbacks of reported perovskites as a detector material, challenges, and potential future applications. X-ray imaging is a potent tool used in research, nuclear power plants, non-destructive material inspection, security checks, and medical diagnostics. Due to its noticeably improved sensitivity, low-cost synthesis, detection limit, quick response time, and better special resolution, perovskites is regarded as a promising candidate for X-ray detection. In comparison to the conventional X-ray detector, stability is a measure concern as majority of the reported perovskite materials degrade after their exposure to heat or moisture, strong electric fields as well as with longer duration of X-ray irradiation.

Author(s) Details:

Bhavana Butey,
Department of Physics, G H Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/FRAPS-V1/article/view/9971

Advances in Nanotechnology: Development of Sensing Devices with Doped Thin-films Perovskites Materials| Chapter 6 | Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 8

 Thin films of gas sensitive materials based on the SrFeO2.5+x nonstoichiometric perovskite family were

deposited onto an interdigitated gold electrode construction device by room temperature pulsed
excimer laser deposition (RT-PLD). Two films sensors based on the SrFe1-yCoyO2.5+x oxides
perovskite family, with y=0.75 and 0.5 respectively, have been presented. Their ability to very quickly
respond to the presence of low concentrations of methanol makes them attractive for construction of
methanol sensing devices, as gases monitoring sensors for either environmental applications, or as
an automated feedback sensor for concentration measurement and control in a micro direct methanol
fuel cell (μ-DMFC) power supply.

Author(s) Details

Prof. Dr. Steve De Cliff
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burundi, 2 Unesco Avenue, P.O.Box 1550, Bujumbura, Burundi.

View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/228