Advanced CuO/CeO2/ZnO Ternary Nano-Photocatalysts: Efficient Utilisation of Photo-Excited Carriers under Sunlight | Chapter 9 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 5

 Free photo-excited holes and electrons are known to promote photocatalytic processes through their intrinsically strong oxidative/reduced characteristics. However, the majority of surface carriers are highly dependent on the carrier motion along the direction of the built-in electric field created by surface states, i.e., the dangling bonds. This leads to inefficient surface photocatalytic reactions solely driven by photo-excited electrons or holes. In this chapter, we introduce a multi-component nano-particle (NP) photocatalyst platform integrating the different photo-response behaviours of n and p-type materials, exhibiting an enhanced photo-activity under a broad wavelength range, the designed band alignment is also crucial for achieving highly efficient photo-excited charge separation. The ternary CuO/CeO₂/ZnO composite nano-photocatalysts were synthesised by a straightforward two-step sol-gel method. The photo responses to both UV and visible light, as well as the visible light utilisation rates of ZnO, were synergistically intensified by co-coupling with CeO₂ and CuO. The roles of CuO and CeO₂ in photocatalytic reactions under UV and visible light were systematically explored. Specifically, under UV light, the photogenic holes (h+) of ZnO, and CeO₂, along with the produced hydroxyl radicals (·OH), were identified as the primary active species. Conversely, under visible light, superoxide radicals (·O₂-) generated by the reactions between oxygen molecules and the photo-generated electrons (e-) of CuO moving towards the catalyst surface were also found to be crucial for promoting dye decomposition. Consequently, these composites demonstrate a significantly enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance for various organic pollutants under UV and visible light excitation. The improved photo-responses, the well-matched band structures facilitating charge transfer, and the highly efficient utilisation of the photo-excited carriers in the ternary nano-heterostructure are suggested to be the key factors for the remarkable enhancement of photocatalytic performance. This chapter provides a promising design avenue for unlocking the full potential of ZnO-based photocatalysts, advancing efficient photocatalytic processes.

 

Author(s) Details

Kaiyi Luo
College of Electrical & Information Engineering & Key Lab of Information Materials of Sichuan Province, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.

 

Han Li
College of Electrical & Information Engineering & Key Lab of Information Materials of Sichuan Province, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China

 

 

Qiuping Zhang
College of Electrical & Information Engineering & Key Lab of Information Materials of Sichuan Province, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.

 

Huan Yuan
College of Electrical & Information Engineering & Key Lab of Information Materials of Sichuan Province, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.

 

Fei Yu
College of Electrical & Information Engineering & Key Lab of Information Materials of Sichuan Province, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.

 

Ming Xu

College of Electrical & Information Engineering & Key Lab of Information Materials of Sichuan Province, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v5/1871  

Effect of Calcium Doping on Photocatalytic Degradation Efficiency of LaMnO3 on Removal of Methylene Blue | Chapter 7 | Chemical and Materials Sciences - Developments and Innovations Vol. 1

 

This study addresses a significant environmental issue by exploring an efficient method for removing organic pollutants from wastewater, which is crucial for mitigating water pollution. The study's findings contribute to the development of advanced photocatalytic materials and techniques, offering potential solutions for wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. Calcium-doped lanthanum manganiteLa0.75Ca0.25MnO3 having a Perovskite structure shows a high degree of catalytic efficiency for the removal of organic pollutants (Methylene Blue dye) from its aqueous solution. Organic dyes in wastewater are effective environmental pollutants, the removal of which is a challenging issue. Photocatalytic degradation of such dyes on the surface of metal oxides has been intensively studied and it is found that semiconductor-mediated heterogeneous catalysts are promising candidates to degrade a wide range of organic pollutants. The sample powder(LCMO) has been prepared through the sol-gel technique and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic-Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The XRD data showed the formation of a single crystalline phase. SEM images showed that the micro-sized LCMO sample had a nanocrystalline structure with an average diameter of 1-5 µm. The ICP-AES and EDX data confirmed the formation of the required stoichiometric La1-xCaxMnO3 Oxide. Calcium doping resulted in the reduction of band gap energy(Eg) of the perovskite whose catalytic performance towards photodegradation of Methylene Blue(MB)  dye(5 ppm) was evaluated over visible light irradiation at constant dose for several hours at pH value 4. The result showed the photocatalytic efficiency of La0.75Ca0.25MnO3 nanocomposite (0.07 g l-1) was 68.52 % of the initial dye concentration within 100 min illumination time. The linear increase in the rate of photodegradation was found in our sample as a function of irradiation time with a reaction rate of 1.582 x10-3 min-1. The activated electron in the conduction band also responds with an oxygen molecule that is adsorbed on the outer layer of the photocatalyst to form a superoxide radical. These findings showed convincingly that La1-xCaxMnO3 photocatalyst possessed great promise for visible-light-driven photodegradation of MB dye and signifies the effective material for environmental pollution remediation and water treatment technologies. The reproducibility of the sample for degradation was studied.

 

Author(s)details:-

 

Himansulal Nayak
Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India.

 

Biswajit Padhi
Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India.

 

Please See the book here :-  https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v1/8567E

Effect of Water Pollution on Human and Future Life and Its Remediation: A Brief Overview | Chapter 6 | Novel Perspectives of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences Vol. 6

 Water is an essential system for human survival. With the increase of water consumption, water kind is facing harsh challenges. Industrialization, agricultural production, and city life have resulted in the shame and pollution of the atmosphere, adversely affecting the water crowd (rivers and oceans) essential for life, ultimately moving human health and sustainable public developmen Water pollution is a general emerging issue. It gets contaminated by miscellaneous sources such as overcrowd, sewage, machine control, urbanization etc.  Globally, an estimated 80% of industrial and concerning cities wastewater is discharged into the atmosphere without any earlier treatment, with antagonistic effects on human well-being and ecosystems. This proportion is bigger in the least developed nations, where cleanliness and wastewater treatment facilities are harshly lacking.  Water pollution is mainly caused by differing human activities, and population density infuriates the problem. As the society grows, so does consumption, happening in a scarcity of potable water. Controlling and managing water contamination has become more and more important in recent age in order to ensure that clean water is applicable for us and future generations. There are many methods for treating adulterated water, including coagulation, rain, filtration, ion exchange, photo catalysis, and so forth. Photo-catalysis is a type of advanced oxidation process that is to say used to remove basic materials from wastewater.

Author(s) Details:

Jeevan Kunwar Chouhan,
Department of Chemistry, Government Meera Girls College, Udaipur, Rajasthan-313001, India.

Dushyant Kumar Prajapati,
Department of Chemistry, Government Meera Girls College, Udaipur, Rajasthan-313001, India.

Shipra Bhardwaj,
Department of Chemistry, Government Meera Girls College, Udaipur, Rajasthan-313001, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NPGEES-V6/article/view/10103

Photocatalytic Performance of Ultrasound-assisted Rapid Synthetic ZIF-8 and Porous ZnO Derived from ZIF-8 in Degradation of Methylene Blue under UV Irradiation| Chapter 4 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 6

 The work stated the breakneck combining of nano zeolitic imidazolate foundation-8 (ZIF-8) crystal at range hotness in the flammable liquid accompanying the support of ultrasound, and the arrangement of absorbent ZnO by calcination of the ZIF-8 material on the way. The photocatalytic activity of the got matters was judged through the depravity of methylene vulgar (MB) under UV radiation. The results recorded that ZIF-8 and the fabrics got by ZIF-8 heat situation have photocatalytic project. However, the MB depravity photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO samples came from ZIF-8 was still inferior that of the ZIF-8 samples, displaying that ZIF-8 is an direct photocatalyst for basic contaminant depravity.

Author(s) Details:

Pham Dinh Du,
Thu Dau Mot University, 75000, Vietnam.

Nguyen Trung Hieu,
Thu Dau Mot University, 75000, Vietnam.

Tran Vinh Thien,
Ho Chi Minh City University of Natural Resources and Environment, HCM City-70000, Vietnam.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V6/article/view/9333

Visible Light Activity of Titania Photocatalyst: A Brief Review | Chapter 6 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 7

 Since light part of 24 hours is a wonderful beginning of clean strength, research is being finished on productive photocatalysts that are alive imperceptible light to capture or convert the strength. Under UV light, Titania is usual as a photocatalyst and photosemiconductor. Growing works have been created to manage apparent light alive. Some determinants moving the photocatalytic action of titania alive under seeable light, in agreements of crystallography, are bestowed in this place review item. Several pieces of advice for a better seeable light alive titania are bestowed taking everything in mind current progresses.

Author(s) Details:

Burtrand I. Lee,
Department of Materials Science of Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V7/article/view/8508

Solar-activated Zinc Oxide Photocatalytic Treatment of Oil Produced Water | Chapter 9 | Technological Innovation in Engineering Research Vol. 3

Photo catalytic technologies paired with nanochemicals are used in the research study to treat oil-produced water. Because solar energy is copious and available across the Sultanate of Oman all year, it is considered the best alternative for processing oil produced. In recent years, the photo catalytic approach has shown a lot of promise as a low-cost, long-term therapy that is also good for the environment. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is used as a photocatalyst because of its great photo catalytic activity, photo-stability, broad band gap, and low toxicity. Its photo catalytic activity to eliminate organic pollutants in oil-generated water was investigated. According to the results of the experiment, ZnO can be employed as a possible catalyst in wastewater treatment. pH, TDS, conductivity, salinity, DO, TOC, and COD were all used to evaluate the performance of the ZnO. The results revealed that TOC fell for the first 3 hours and thereafter remained steady, indicating that 3 hours is the optimal response period. However, after 5 hours of exposure to sun light, a continual reduction in COD and turbidity was observed.

Author(s) Details:

Nageswara Rao Lakkimsetty,
Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.

S. Karunya,
National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, West Bengal, India.

M. J. Varghese,
Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.

Feroz Shaik,
Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/TIER-V3/article/view/7066

Application of Synthesized Tetragonal Structured Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles in the Photodegradation of Victoria Blue B and Acridine Orange Dye | Chapter 7 | New Insights into Physical Science Vol. 12

 The role of nanoparticles in science and industry has drawn attention to their unique properties. To remove organic pollutants, various metal oxide nanoparticles have been used. ZrO is a non-toxic, cost-effective material with excellent thermal and chemical stability. XRD, SEM-EDAX, TEM, BET, and UV–visible spectroscopic studies were used to prepare and classify ZrO nanoparticles. Solution combustion was used to produce zirconium oxide from zirconium nitrate and urea. XRD, SEM-EDAX, TEM, UV absorbance spectroscopy, and precise surface area analysis were used to investigate nano-photocatalyst zirconium oxide. ZrO has a distribution size of less than 17nm, which was confirmed by XRD and TEM tests. XRD verified the tetragonal step of the ZrO nanophotocatalyst. The creation of ZrO was discovered using EDAX. Under sunlight, the performance of ZrO nanoparticles in photodegrading victoria blue B and acridine orange dyes was investigated. The degradation efficiency of VBB (at 0.030 g/pH 6/110-4mol/dm3) was found to be 95.42 percent, while AO (at 0.035 g/pH 4/110-4mol/dm3) was found to be 92.52 percent. Furthermore, as compared to AO dye, the degradation efficiency of VBB dye was the best. Textile effluents have been found to be appropriate for treatment with ZrO nanoparticles.

Author (s) Details

K. Yogendra
Department of P.G Studies and Research in Environmental Science, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NIPS-V12/article/view/285

Advanced Studies of Photo Degradation on Ziram Using Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photocatalyst | Chapter 12 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 7

 Effluent discharge from the processing or formulating industries of pesticides and agricultural runoff are major sources of environmental pesticides, and wastewater from the pesticide industry is a major treatment for the aquatic system. Various photodegradation techniques via Solar, Solar / TiO2, UV and UV / TiO2 processes have carried out photocatalytic degradation of Ziram on wastewater. In order to improve the operating parameters, such as pH , initial concentration, catalyst dosage and contact time, studies have also been carried out. The UV / TiO2 photo catalytic process was found to be more efficient than any other methods studied for Ziram degradation. For initial pH 5, initial Ziram concentration of 20 mg / l and TiO2 dosage of 1 g / l, the maximum degradation of Ziram at 300 minutes was 92.7 percent. For UV / TiO2, the kinetic constant (k) was found to be 9.62 times greater than the solar / TiO2 method and 8.19 times greater than the UV method.

Author(s) Details

Dr. K. Ramadevi
Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India.

Mrs. S. K. Shivaranjani
Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India. 

 

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/299

Advanced Studies of Photo Degradation on Ziram Using Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photocatalyst | Chapter 12 | Recent Developments in Engineering Research Vol. 7

 

Effluent discharge from the processing or formulating industries of pesticides and agricultural runoff are major sources of environmental pesticides, and wastewater from the pesticide industry is a major treatment for the aquatic system. Various photodegradation techniques via Solar, Solar / TiO2, UV and UV / TiO2 processes have carried out photocatalytic degradation of Ziram on wastewater. In order to improve the operating parameters, such as pH , initial concentration, catalyst dosage and contact time, studies have also been carried out. The UV / TiO2 photo catalytic process was found to be more efficient than any other methods studied for Ziram degradation. For initial pH 5, initial Ziram concentration of 20 mg / l and TiO2 dosage of 1 g / l, the maximum degradation of Ziram at 300 minutes was 92.7 percent. For UV / TiO2, the kinetic constant (k) was found to be 9.62 times greater than the solar / TiO2 method and 8.19 times greater than the UV method.

Author(s) Details

Dr. K. Ramadevi,
Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India.

Mrs. S. K. Shivaranjani,
Department of Civil Engineering, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India.

View Book :- https://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/299