Advanced CuO/CeO2/ZnO Ternary Nano-Photocatalysts: Efficient Utilisation of Photo-Excited Carriers under Sunlight | Chapter 9 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 5

 Free photo-excited holes and electrons are known to promote photocatalytic processes through their intrinsically strong oxidative/reduced characteristics. However, the majority of surface carriers are highly dependent on the carrier motion along the direction of the built-in electric field created by surface states, i.e., the dangling bonds. This leads to inefficient surface photocatalytic reactions solely driven by photo-excited electrons or holes. In this chapter, we introduce a multi-component nano-particle (NP) photocatalyst platform integrating the different photo-response behaviours of n and p-type materials, exhibiting an enhanced photo-activity under a broad wavelength range, the designed band alignment is also crucial for achieving highly efficient photo-excited charge separation. The ternary CuO/CeO₂/ZnO composite nano-photocatalysts were synthesised by a straightforward two-step sol-gel method. The photo responses to both UV and visible light, as well as the visible light utilisation rates of ZnO, were synergistically intensified by co-coupling with CeO₂ and CuO. The roles of CuO and CeO₂ in photocatalytic reactions under UV and visible light were systematically explored. Specifically, under UV light, the photogenic holes (h+) of ZnO, and CeO₂, along with the produced hydroxyl radicals (·OH), were identified as the primary active species. Conversely, under visible light, superoxide radicals (·O₂-) generated by the reactions between oxygen molecules and the photo-generated electrons (e-) of CuO moving towards the catalyst surface were also found to be crucial for promoting dye decomposition. Consequently, these composites demonstrate a significantly enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance for various organic pollutants under UV and visible light excitation. The improved photo-responses, the well-matched band structures facilitating charge transfer, and the highly efficient utilisation of the photo-excited carriers in the ternary nano-heterostructure are suggested to be the key factors for the remarkable enhancement of photocatalytic performance. This chapter provides a promising design avenue for unlocking the full potential of ZnO-based photocatalysts, advancing efficient photocatalytic processes.

 

Author(s) Details

Kaiyi Luo
College of Electrical & Information Engineering & Key Lab of Information Materials of Sichuan Province, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.

 

Han Li
College of Electrical & Information Engineering & Key Lab of Information Materials of Sichuan Province, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China

 

 

Qiuping Zhang
College of Electrical & Information Engineering & Key Lab of Information Materials of Sichuan Province, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.

 

Huan Yuan
College of Electrical & Information Engineering & Key Lab of Information Materials of Sichuan Province, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.

 

Fei Yu
College of Electrical & Information Engineering & Key Lab of Information Materials of Sichuan Province, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.

 

Ming Xu

College of Electrical & Information Engineering & Key Lab of Information Materials of Sichuan Province, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v5/1871  

Implementing the Best Practices for Just, Democratic, Accountable, and Professional Police as well as Policing for Equitable Access to Justice, Safety, and Freedom | Chapter 18 | The Evolving Blueprint, Strategic Leadership, VALUE-Driven Police Leaders and Ethical Excellence in Law Enforcement

 

Effective policing is based on legitimacy, authority, and trust, and there cannot be meaningful public consent in the absence of these elements. Policing procedures must ensure equitable justice and be backed by facts if they are to benefit all of us. These procedures must be based on human rights principles and take into account how crucial it is to preserve good relations between the public and the police. The study’s goal is to promote best practices for ethical, accountable, democratic, and professional policing, as well as policing that advances justice, safety, and freedom for all. It also aims to promote knowledge of, and use of, internationally adopted human rights and law enforcement standards in all relevant contexts. This study was segmented into two parts. The first part discussed successful policing, implications for the police, police culture, police ideals, and the legitimacy of the police. The second section argued over what constitutes appropriate policing models and concepts, as well as what tactics are effective in various situations. If the community's residents do not have confidence in and support for police organisations, they cannot operate effectively. People are more inclined to trust the police if they think highly of them and hold them to high standards for justice, efficiency, and integrity. Police organisations face a significant problem as a result of the enormous changes that society is undergoing. Unwanted circumstances like under policing, no-go zones, or private vigilantism could occur. It should be made clear before talking about appropriate policing models that policing practices are equally up for examination and reflection in nations with relative stability and prosperity. As a result, there is no set paradigm of police. Police should work to reduce the negative effects of a too militarised force, and agencies should stop using militarised methods that undermine their credibility with the communities they serve. Congress can play a role in this as well by severely restricting the transfer and use of military equipment by local law enforcement, as well as by setting up a system for looking into complaints and enforcing punishments when equipment and tactics are used improperly during large-scale protests. Police organisations must make sure that their officers' continued fitness to carry out these duties is subject to periodic evaluation by the UN Basic Principles.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49970-95-3/CH18

 

Determination of Effective Time and Self Management, Environment and Productivity in an Organization | Chapter 02 |New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 7

 The goal of this study is to see how effective time management is in terms of self-management, the environment, and productivity in a company. This study used questionnaires and observations to collect data from 75 academic and non-academic staff members at the University of Juba, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to evaluate the information acquired. According to the findings, time management has an inverse link with self-management, the environment, and organisational productivity. To raise self-commitment to time management and promote productivity in a business, it is advised that appropriate time management tools and a comfortable working environment be applied and offered firmly to personnel with modern management practises (University of Juba). The report recommends that more research on the importance of time value and knowledge be conducted at the university level. It could be done in collaboration with academia and personnel to promote team and collaborative learning, bridging the gap and improving working conditions and relationships to boost productivity.

Author(S) Details

Michael Lawrence Mogga Rombe
Department of Business Administration, School of Management Sciences, University of Juba, Juba, Republic of South Sudan.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NIEBM-V7/article/view/6387