Implementing the Best Practices for Just, Democratic, Accountable, and Professional Police as well as Policing for Equitable Access to Justice, Safety, and Freedom | Chapter 18 | The Evolving Blueprint, Strategic Leadership, VALUE-Driven Police Leaders and Ethical Excellence in Law Enforcement

 

Effective policing is based on legitimacy, authority, and trust, and there cannot be meaningful public consent in the absence of these elements. Policing procedures must ensure equitable justice and be backed by facts if they are to benefit all of us. These procedures must be based on human rights principles and take into account how crucial it is to preserve good relations between the public and the police. The study’s goal is to promote best practices for ethical, accountable, democratic, and professional policing, as well as policing that advances justice, safety, and freedom for all. It also aims to promote knowledge of, and use of, internationally adopted human rights and law enforcement standards in all relevant contexts. This study was segmented into two parts. The first part discussed successful policing, implications for the police, police culture, police ideals, and the legitimacy of the police. The second section argued over what constitutes appropriate policing models and concepts, as well as what tactics are effective in various situations. If the community's residents do not have confidence in and support for police organisations, they cannot operate effectively. People are more inclined to trust the police if they think highly of them and hold them to high standards for justice, efficiency, and integrity. Police organisations face a significant problem as a result of the enormous changes that society is undergoing. Unwanted circumstances like under policing, no-go zones, or private vigilantism could occur. It should be made clear before talking about appropriate policing models that policing practices are equally up for examination and reflection in nations with relative stability and prosperity. As a result, there is no set paradigm of police. Police should work to reduce the negative effects of a too militarised force, and agencies should stop using militarised methods that undermine their credibility with the communities they serve. Congress can play a role in this as well by severely restricting the transfer and use of military equipment by local law enforcement, as well as by setting up a system for looking into complaints and enforcing punishments when equipment and tactics are used improperly during large-scale protests. Police organisations must make sure that their officers' continued fitness to carry out these duties is subject to periodic evaluation by the UN Basic Principles.

 

Author (s) Details

Dr. John Motsamai Modise
Tshwane University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49970-95-3/CH18

 

Enhanced Stability in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Dual-Layer Approach for Cluster Head Selection Using Hypergraph Spectral Clustering and Deep Learning | Chapter 7 | Scientific Research, New Technologies and Applications Vol. 4

The present study discuss about Hypergraph Clustering Model (HGCM) for More Stable Urban Scenario in VANET. VANETs have a highly dynamic topology, with a high relative speed of vehicles and frequent discontinuity in the networks. The topology management in VANETs can be achieved through clustering. A vehicular ad hoc network is a dynamic and constantly changing topology that requires reliable clustering to prevent connection failure. Packet delay (PD) is avoided via a stable cluster head (CH), which also keeps network throughput high. This chapter introduces a revolutionary two-step method for stable CH selection. The vehicle network is regarded in the first section of the suggested scheme as a one-to-many connection network, which is close to a realistic situation. A recently proposed spectral clustering methodology based on vehicle hypergraphs is used to handle the cluster creation. In the second part, the CH is selected considering the criteria for maintaining a stable connection with the maximum number of neighbours. The new rewarding/penalising relative speed and neighbourhood degree fulfil the condition. Eccentricity assesses that the vehicle should be at the centre of the cluster. Another metric with deep learning spectrum sensing is introduced for CH selection. Trust calculation is performed using deep learning-trained spectrum sensing as a model. The primary vehicle in noisy and noiseless environments is recognised using layers of long short-term memory. A high trust score is awarded to the vehicle that vacates the spectrum in the sensing of the primary vehicle. The stable CH selected by these metrics reduces the overhead that occurs due to the frequent shifting of the CH from one vehicle to another. The stable CH improves the routing parameters, such as PD and throughput. These parameters are distance-dependent. The minimum distance travelled by the packet leads to low PD and high throughput.  This has been validated by the improved CH stability; increased cluster member (CM) lifetime and reduced rate of change of CH. The proposed scheme also demonstrates a considerable improvement in PD and throughput. The analysis of the algorithm’s computational complexity will also be a benchmark of study in the next part of this work. CH stability decreases with the increase in vehicle density in the network.

 

Author (s) Details

Mays Kareem Jabbar
Faculty of Engineering, University of Misan, Al Amarah City, Misan Province, 62001, Iraq and CES Lab, Ecole National d’Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.

 

Hafedh Trabelsi
CES Lab, Ecole National d’Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/srnta/v4/2103

 

ELYSIUMGATE: Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTS) for Event Perfection | Chapter 10 | Leading the Charge: A Guide to Management, Entrepreneurship and Technology in the Dynamic Business Landscape Edition 1

In recent years, blockchain technology has witnessed significant attention and adoption across various industries due to its potential to revolutionize traditional systems. Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), a unique form of digital asset authenticated and stored on a blockchain, have emerged as a novel application within this domain. This paper proposes ELYSIUMGATE, a conceptual framework that harnesses NFTs to enhance the organization and execution of events. By leveraging blockchain’s immutability, transparency, and decentralized nature, ELYSIUMGATE aims to address key challenges associated with event management, including ticketing, authentication, and engagement. This research explores the technical architecture of ELYSIUMGATE, its potential benefits, and implications for event organizers, participants, and stakeholders. Additionally, it discusses potential risks and limitations associated with implementing NFTs in event management. Through a comprehensive analysis, this paper demonstrates how ELYSIUMGATE can contribute to achieving event perfection by ensuring trust, security, and efficiency in event organization and execution.

 

Author (s) Details

 

G Prakash Babu
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

 

Ayush Bal
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Purvi Singh
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

 

Abhiraj Das
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

 

Akshara A.S
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48859-98-3/CH10

The Role of Brand Awareness and Trust on Purchase Intent in Google Shopping Ads and Demographic Factor Influences among Millennials and Generation Z | Chapter 9 | Information Management and Technology: The Proceedings of the 10 th International Conference on Business and Management Dynamics (ICBMD), Edition 1

The proliferation of technology has given rise to novel marketing channels such as pay-per-click campaigns, social media advertising, and search engine optimisation. Google Shopping Ads is a format of Google Ads that enables e-commerce companies to promote their products directly in Google search results. The establishment of brand awareness and trust is a pivotal aspect of Google Shopping Ads, as it empowers enterprises to construct and market their brand within the consciousness of potential clientele, but there is a need for further research among young consumers. Millennials and Generation Z are more technologically advanced compared to older cohorts; digital and mobile technology and communications significantly influence their online shopping behaviour through their engagement with interactive marketing. Hence, the study investigates the effect of brand awareness and trust on purchase intent due to Google Shopping Ads among Millennials and Generation Z in South Africa, as well as the influence of Google Shopping Ads usage and demographic variables on purchase intent. The study employed a quantitative method and snowball sampling to collect data via an online questionnaire (self-administered) and survey, which resulted in the completion of 1 667 questionnaires. SPSS was used to analyse the data via confirmatory factor analysis and a generalised linear model. Significant findings revealed that brand awareness and trust showed a favourable association with purchase intent owing to Google Shopping Ads. A number of Google Shopping Ads usage (greater number of years, high frequency, and higher number of hours) and demographics (older age groups and lower education levels) variables were found to have a positive influence on purchase intent. Marketers could use keywords to efficiently identify audiences that display interest in products and services. Marketers should ensure that the Google Shopping Ads product and price information are analogous to their website plugins to mitigate differences, thereby fostering trust and promoting purchase intent. Hence, this study could assist marketers in understanding their target audience and delivering tailored messages using search engine platforms such as Google Shopping Ads, which could improve business performance and sustainability. Future studies could investigate alternative forms of sponsored search advertising and examine longitudinal and experimental methodologies for quantitative data collection.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Jaydi Charles
Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Rodney Duffett
Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-49238-37-4/CH9

Optimizing Community Policing through Strategic Communication and Trust Building in South Africa | Chapter 7 | Current Progress in Arts and Social Studies Research Vol. 9

The purpose of this study is to investigate the variables affecting community policing forums and boards (CPF/CPBs) in South Africa in terms of efficacy. In particular, it looks into how buy-in from the police, community involvement, trust, and communication all contribute to the success of these cooperative systems. Principal subjects: The value of trust and communication in community policing, the function of CPFs and CPBs in promoting trust and communication, Opportunities and difficulties facing CPFs and CPBs, as well as variables affecting their efficacy. Key Arguments/Findings: Successful community policing depends on effective communication and trust, and CPFs and CPBs are critical in bridging the trust gap and fostering communication between the police and the community. Obstacles include limited resources, community involvement, and police support can reduce CPF/CPB efficacy. CPF/CPBs may greatly enhance public safety and fortify ties between the community and the police by tackling these issues and encouraging inclusive participation. Methodological approach: This study uses a qualitative approach that includes in-depth interviews with members of the CPF/CPB, community leaders, and police officers. To find important themes and patterns pertaining to the variables impacting CPF/CPB effectiveness, the obtained data is evaluated. Significance/Implications: Law enforcement groups, community organizations, and lawmakers should all take note of the research's findings. Understanding the elements that make CPFs and CPBs successful can help develop strategies to improve their efficacy and advance more successful community policing in South Africa. Audience: Policymakers, law enforcement officers, community leaders, and academics with an interest in public safety and community policing are the main recipients of this research. In conclusion, community policing boards and forums are a viable strategy for enhancing public safety and fortifying ties between the community and the police in South Africa. Through the resolution of issues and the advancement of efficient communication, trust, police buy-in, and community participation, CPF/CPBs can make a substantial contribution to the development of more inclusive and safe communities.

 

Author (s) Details

John Motsamai Modise
South African Police Service, South Africa.3

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cpassr/v9/2102

Trust in Mobile Phone Banking Services in Tanzania: The Moderating Role of Demographic Variables| Chapter 9 | Current Overview on Science and Technology Research Vol. 2

 This study analyzed the directing impacts of segment factors on smallholder ranchers' confidence in cell phone banking administrations in the Dodoma Region, Tanzania. The review planned to test the directing impact old enough, sex, schooling level, insight, pay level, and conjugal status when availability, usability, security, and protection are making sense of the confidence in cell phone banking administrations. Cross-sectional field overviews were utilized in the review's quantitative exploration plan, and a normalized survey was utilized to accumulate information. 355 smallholder ranchers who develop grapes were chosen for the review's example utilizing straightforward arbitrary inspecting. A scientific instrument for information examination was SPSS. Fisher's Z-change and different direct relapses were utilized to look at the directing job of segment factors.

The discoveries show that major directing factors included segment boundaries like sex, age, insight, level of pay, level of training, and conjugal status. The level of tutoring, in any case, had no directing impact. Our discoveries suggest that the review offers bits of knowledge into the factors impacting clients' confidence in cell phone banking administrations by coordinating the openness and convenience from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), age, sex, and experience from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and security and protection from the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). Additionally, the aftereffects of directing impact work on how we might interpret the segment distinctions, which impact the level of cell phone banking acknowledgment.

There had been no comparative concentrate in Sub-Saharan African nations. Accordingly, the review adds to how we might interpret the effect of segment factors on the confidence in cell phone banking administrations.

Author(s) Details:

Anicet A. Rwezaula,
Institute of Rural Development Planning (IRDP) – Dodoma, P. O. Box 138, Dodoma, Tanzania.

Bukaza L. Chachage,
The Open University of Tanzania (OUT) Iringa Regional Centre, P.O. Box 1458 Iringa, Tanzania.

Emmanuel M. Tonya,
Mbeya University of Science and Technology (MUST), P.O. Box 131, Mbeya, Tanzania.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/COSTR-V2/article/view/7995

Determination of Factors Influencing Behavioural Intention to Use the Mobile Wallet | Chapter 9 | New Innovations in Economics, Business and Management Vol. 2

 Mobile wallets have become widely used around the world as a result of significant technology advancements in smartphone devices in recent years. Despite a significant increase in intention to use mobile wallets in Malaysia, the majority of Malaysians still use cash to make payments. People may be hesitant to utilise a mobile wallet for a variety of reasons, including perceived ease of use, compatibility, perceived behavioural control, and trust. The goals of this study are to find out how much people are aware of mobile wallet intents and to look at the relationship between perceived ease of use, compatibility, and trust and a behavioural intention to use a mobile wallet. Questionnaires were used to collect data for this investigation. A total of 80 respondents from a total population of 100 employees in a global bank provided the data. After that, all of the data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Reliability, normalcy, frequency distribution, descriptive, and multiple regression analysis were among the tests that were converged. All of the variables in this study had a substantial impact on the behavioural intention to use a mobile wallet. The most important aspect affecting a person's decision to use a mobile wallet is trust.

Author(S) Details

Mohd Zailani Othman
Faculty of Business and Management, University Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kampus Bandaraya Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NIEBM-V2/article/view/4745

A Genre-based Study of Insurance Sales Agent-Client Interactions in Transformational China’s Rural Areas: A Prospective Approach | Chapter 7 | Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 5

 The study intends to investigate the dynamics of insurance sales agent-client interactions in transformative China's rural areas from a socio-cultural perspective, using 10 authentic audio-recorded data. It begins by generalising specific discursive patterns derived from moves and stages [1,2] of utterances made in agent-client interactions that are guided by communicative goals. Warming up is the initial step, and it demands greater attention because it is so important in the interactions. The research describes the various types and roles of warming up, as well as how they connect to the basic working mechanism of rural agent-client interactions. Another crucial step, establishing credentials and trust, has been thoroughly examined, as trust is the cornerstone of successful insurance sales. The study's analysis tries to show the changing nature of modern Chinese rural culture, in which old and traditional value systems have been largely decimated and a new value system has yet to emerge.

Author (S) Details

Weichao Wang
School of English for International Business, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/STHSS-V5/article/view/3280

Reliable and Hybridized Trust Based Secured Algorithm to Thwart Black Hole Attacks in MANETs Using Networking Preponderant Determinants| Chapter 7| Current Approaches in Science and Technology Research Vol. 13

 The mobile nodes are connected cordlessly in mobile adhoc networks, which are a permanent and autonomous organisation without a framework. Due to a lack of framework support, dependable data distribution in mobile adhoc networks is a difficult task, and this mobile adhoc network is vulnerable to a variety of attacks. In Mobile Adhoc networks, a black hole assault refers to an attack by a hostile node that uses subsequence word perversion to gain control of the path from transmitter to receiver. In order to lessen the threat posed by the wickedThe authors include the concept of trust in mobile adhoc networks in node. In this research, we address the Black Hole Attack, a packet dropping misbehaviour, and propose a new hybrid trust-based secured technique based on four new factors to check whether transitional nodes are correctly transferring packets to nearby nodes. This study introduces a new hybrid trust-based idea for identifying the malicious node that is based on the computation of trust value.We evaluated the effectiveness of our suggested technique using a simulator and demonstrated detection efficiency. The findings suggest that our proposed work can accurately diagnose malicious nodes while also ensuring a high packet delivery ratio and network speed.

Author (S) Details

M. Thebiga
Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, India.


R. SujiPramila
Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, India.


V. A. TibbiePon Symon
Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, India.

View Book :https://stm.bookpi.org/CASTR-V13/article/view/2804

Investigating the Effects of Perceived Value and Trust on Customer Loyalty towards Foreign Banks in Sabah, Malaysia | Chapter 5 | Insights into Economics and Management Vol. 11

 Malaysia's banking system has been liberalised, attracting a number of foreign banks to create branches in the nation, placing the local banking industry under pressure. Foreign banks including as Standard Chartered, HSBC, OCBC, and Bangkok Bank have been operating in the country for decades, despite severe limitations. In this highly competitive scene, newer banks such as Al-Rajhi Bank and Kuwait Finance House have entered. In Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, this study looked at the characteristics that influence client loyalty in foreign banks. Previous study has demonstrated that customer loyalty is a key factor in determining a bank's competitive advantage. In this study, researchers looked at customer loyalty to foreign banks in Malaysia and saw if characteristics like perceived value and trust influenced loyalty. 239 foreign bank clients in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, completed a self-administered survey questionnaire to provide the data. According to the data, customer loyalty is above average, with a mean of 4.86 (on a seven-point Likert scale), and perceived value and confidence both have positive and significant impact on customer loyalty. The study's implications are examined, as well as suggestions for future research.

Author (s) Details

Haslinda Hasan
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.

Teo Poh Kiong
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.

Raja Azimah Ainuddin
Faculty of Business, Economics and Accountancy, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/IEAM-V11/article/view/1326