Emerging Lead Free Ferroelectric Materials-Potassium Bismuth Titanate & Sodium Bismuth Titanate | Chapter 3 | Innovations in Science and Technology: Shaping a Sustainable Future (Vol. 2)

 

With the advancement in technology, the environment and health are two most affected areas that need to be considered. Among all piezoelectric ceramics, Lead Zirconate Titanate is most widely used in almost all devices such as actuators, transducers, sensors, memory devices, switches, oscillators, etc. Lead being toxic should be replaced by some eco-friendly substitute. Bismuth Potassium Titanate (KBT) and Sodium Bismuth Titanate (NBT) are two emerging materials that can substitute PZT. Scientists are working on different methods of preparation, trying different dopants and substitutes in KBT and NBT to achieve the nearly same properties as PZT as high dielectric constant, large piezoelectric coefficient, high density, high breakdown strength, etc. Li, K, La, Sm, Dy, Ho, Nb, Mn, Fe, and Sb are some of the major dopants in NBT and KBT, which are recently been explored. Substitution of rare earth elements La, Sm, Ho and Dy in NBT resulted in an increase in grain size proportional to the radius of rare earth dopant. Further these ions also increase its temperature range for actuator applications. Particularly, Sm doping in NBT gives ultra-high storage density and efficiency. Li+ and K+ substitution in NBT increases its conductivity. Solid Solutions of barium titanate, strontium titanate and their derivatives with KBT & NBT exhibit unique properties. This chapter provides a brief outlook on the latest research on these two materials.

 

Author(s) Details

Poonam Pahuja
Department of Physics at G.G.D.S.D. College, Palwal, Haryana, India.

 

Jitender
Department of Physics at G.G.D.S.D. College, Palwal, Haryana, India.

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-48006-49-3/CH3

Structural and Electrical Properties of Bismuth Sodium Titanate (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) Ceramics | Chapter 10 | Current Innovations in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 2

 Recent growths in high-hotness technology have increased the demand for dielectric potteries with sturdy dielectric properties. Furthermore, dielectric ceramics are judgment enormous requests in various energy depository systems. To address these necessities, this study mainly is focused on giving relaxor characteristics to Bismuth Sodium Titanate Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) potteries. A single-phase lead-free (BNT) perovskite ferroelectric porcelain was successfully combined via the solid-state response method. This study offers an painstaking examination on the structural and energetic characteristics of the BNT stoneware. Through phase analysis promoting Rietveld refined X-ray dissemination, it was determined that the crystal building of the BNT ceramic is alone-phase and possesses rhombohedral (R3c) proportion. Raman spectroscopy measurements further support the rhombohedral building of BNT, as indicated by the demeanor of multiple peaks risinging from the TiO6 octahedra. The ferroelectric nature of the BNT sample was confirmed through hysteresis loop calculations of polarization vs. energetic field (P-E). The BNT sample exhibited characteristic values of vestige polarization (Pr) and forcible field (Ec), which were measured expected 1.63 μC/cm2 and 29.91 kV/cm, respectively. The ferroelectric state transition was also noticed in temperature-contingent dielectric studies, with a transition hotness of 323 °C. Remarkably, the material displayed reduced values of tanδ even at high hotnesses, such as 500 °C, at a repetitiveness of 1 MHz. This suggests that the prepared BNT sample exhibits wonderful dielectric properties over a expansive temperature range, making it well-suited for a assortment of applications.

Author(s) Details:

Bijayalaxmi Kuanar,
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, GIET University, Gunupur-765022, Odisha, India.

Biswajit Dalai,
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, GIET University, Gunupur-765022, Odisha, India.

Dhrubananda Behera,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, NIT Rourkela–769008, Odisha, India.

Hari Sankar Mohanty,
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, GIET University, Gunupur-765022, Odisha, India.

Krishnamayee Bhoi,
Department of Physics, School of Sciences, GIET University, Gunupur-765022, Odisha, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CICMS-V2/article/view/12332