Zircon-Reidite in Prismatine Granulite from Waldheim/Saxony | Chapter 11 | Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 9

Reidite is the high-pressure scheelite-type polymorph of zircon. According to Raman spectroscopic studies these zircons often contain remnants of the reidite. The transformation of zircon to reidite is reconstructive in nature and is connected with a density change of about 9%). According to microscopic and Raman spectroscopic-based studies of prismatine rock from Waldheim/Saxony, spherical zircon crystals with remnants of reidite and monoclinic ZrO₂ were observed. The proof of reidite in a metamorphic rock is the first one because up to now, reidite was found only in impact structures. The rock and crystal samples were collected by the first author in 1967 from the exposure near the Waldheim railway station. Nearly all minerals (garnet, corundum, quartz, prismatine, feldspar, sillimanite) of the prismatine rock contain randomly distributed spherical zircon crystals with a very smoothed surface and with dimensions between 10 to 50 µm. The frequency of these grains is with about 180 spheres/cm3 not high. Results show that in the Raman spectra of the spherical zircon crystals in the prismatine rock from Waldheim bands characteristic of reidite have often been seen. It has been found that at very high pressures zircon break down into oxides. Together with the finding of coesite and stishovite, reidite and monocline ZrO2 in zircon give clear hints that such phases arrived very rapidly from very great depths into the higher crustal level (90 km) via supercritical fluid/melt.

 

In conclusion, these observations throw new light on the genesis of the HP-HT prismatine rock from Waldheim. It has been interpreted that the spherical crystals as hints of a supercritical phase coming from very great depths, very rapidly (possibly together with boron) into the crystallization level of prismatine.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rainer Thomas
Home Office Raman Laboratory, Im Waldwinkel 8, D-14662 Friesack, Germany.

 

Paul Davidson
Codes, Centr for Ore Deposits and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia.

 

Adolf Rericha
Alemannenstr. 4a, D-14612 Falkensee, Germany.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpps/v9/5186

Zircon-Reidite in Prismatine Granulite from Waldheim/Saxony | Chapter 11 | Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 9

Reidite is the high-pressure scheelite-type polymorph of zircon. According to Raman spectroscopic studies these zircons often contain remnants of the reidite. The transformation of zircon to reidite is reconstructive in nature and is connected with a density change of about 9%). According to microscopic and Raman spectroscopic-based studies of prismatine rock from Waldheim/Saxony, spherical zircon crystals with remnants of reidite and monoclinic ZrO₂ were observed. The proof of reidite in a metamorphic rock is the first one because up to now, reidite was found only in impact structures. The rock and crystal samples were collected by the first author in 1967 from the exposure near the Waldheim railway station. Nearly all minerals (garnet, corundum, quartz, prismatine, feldspar, sillimanite) of the prismatine rock contain randomly distributed spherical zircon crystals with a very smoothed surface and with dimensions between 10 to 50 µm. The frequency of these grains is with about 180 spheres/cm3 not high. Results show that in the Raman spectra of the spherical zircon crystals in the prismatine rock from Waldheim bands characteristic of reidite have often been seen. It has been found that at very high pressures zircon break down into oxides. Together with the finding of coesite and stishovite, reidite and monocline ZrO2 in zircon give clear hints that such phases arrived very rapidly from very great depths into the higher crustal level (90 km) via supercritical fluid/melt.

 

In conclusion, these observations throw new light on the genesis of the HP-HT prismatine rock from Waldheim. It has been interpreted that the spherical crystals as hints of a supercritical phase coming from very great depths, very rapidly (possibly together with boron) into the crystallization level of prismatine.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rainer Thomas
Home Office Raman Laboratory, Im Waldwinkel 8, D-14662 Friesack, Germany.

 

Paul Davidson
Codes, Centr for Ore Deposits and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia.

 

Adolf Rericha
Alemannenstr. 4a, D-14612 Falkensee, Germany.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpps/v9/5186

Advanced Metal Oxide Nanostructures for Environmental Remediation: Synthesis and characterization of PbO, MgO, TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ | Chapter 5 | Chemical and Materials Sciences: Developments and Innovations Vol. 8

Aims: This study discusses the synthesis and characterization of metal oxide nanomaterials for environmental remediation applications, with emphasis on their photocatalytic properties.

Methodology: Two kinds of metal oxides, PbO and MgO, were prepared for the degradation application of textile dye methylene blue. In parallel, a porous thin film with heterojunction of TiO₂ modified by polyethylene glycol (PEG) prepared by several molecular weights from 300 to 20.000 the best porous sample was covered by Fe₂O₃ by electrodeposition technique.

PbO and MgO oxides were synthesized by coprecipitation, while TiO₂-PEG/Fe₂O₃ heterojunction was prepared by Sol-Gel, spin coating and electrodeposition method. Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and morphological analysis by atomic force microscopy (AFM) also with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Photocatalytic performances were evaluated via the degradation of methylene blue dye.

Results: PbO and MgO oxides, as well as TiO₂-PEG/Fe₂O₃ heterojunction, demonstrated significant efficiency in the degradation of methylene blue dye, confirming their potential for environmental remediation. The results show that these nanomaterials can be effective agents for the photodegradation of organic contaminants.

Conclusion: Metal oxide nanomaterials have great potential for environmental remediation applications.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Saloua Helali
Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, King Faisal Road, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia and Nanomaterials and Systems for Renewable Energy Laboratory, Research and Technology Center of Energy, Technoparc Borj Cedria, BP 095 Hammam Lif, Tunisia.

 

Zoubaida Landolsi
Nanomaterials and Systems for Renewable Energy Laboratory, Research and Technology Center of Energy, Technoparc Borj Cedria, BP 095 Hammam Lif, Tunisia.’

 

Ibtissem Ben Assaker
Nanomaterials and Systems for Renewable Energy Laboratory, Research and Technology Center of Energy, Technoparc Borj Cedria, BP 095 Hammam Lif, Tunisia.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/cmsdi/v8/3495

Unveiling of Stishovite and Coesite in the Prismatine-Bearing Granulite from Waldheim, Germany: A Potential Role of Supercritical Fluids of Ultrahigh-Pressure Origin | Chapter 5 | Geography, Earth Science and Environment: Research Highlights Vol. 6

Stishovite, the tetragonal high-pressure polymorph of SiO2, was named by the Russian high-pressure physicist Sergey M. Stishov, who, together with Popova, first synthesized the mineral in 1961. This mineral is very rare at the Earth's surface, having only been found in known or suspected meteorite craters. For the first time in the sixty years since the synthesis of stishovite, unambiguous evidence of stishovite formed in the deep Earth has been reported. A minimum pressure of about 7.5 GPa at 1000 ◦C is necessary for the formation of stishovite, corresponding to a depth of about 230 km. The study reports the identification of stishovite and coesite as inclusions in mineral grains from the Waldheim granulite. This implies that the stishovite was transported upwards, probably very rapidly, to a depth of about 130 km, corresponding to the highest pressure indicated by newly identified coesite in the prismatine of the Waldheim granulite, and continuing up to the depth of emplacement of the Waldheim prismatine granulite. The analysis of the Raman spectra obtained from a metastable trapped stishovite micro-crystal shows that all the diagnostic Raman bands are present. However, given the metastability of the stishovite at room temperatures and pressures, this mineral breaks down step-by-step into stable polymorphs, first coesite and then quartz and cristobalite, during the Raman stimulation. The rare coesite crystals in prismatine have also resulted from the irreversible transformation from stishovite. Although the Waldheim occurrence may be unique, it can be suggested that Raman analysis of co-trapped crystals in similar deep-seated rocks, an area of limited previous research, may prove an essential innovation in the study of mantle processes. While the host rocks indicate no more than granulite facies temperatures and pressures, their minerals may contain co-trapped crystals from a much deeper source with higher temperatures and pressures.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Rainer Thomas
Raman laboratory, Im Waldwinkel 8, D-14662 Friesack, Germany.

 

Paul Davidson
Codes, Centre for Ore Deposits and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Australia.

 

Adolf Rericha
Alemannenstraße 4a, D-144612 Falkensee, Germany.

 

Ulrich Recknagel
Böhmerwaldstraße 22, D-86529 Schrobenhausen, Germany.

 

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/geserh/v6/4527

Raman Spectroscopy Measurement on Metal Ions Doped (110)-Oriented PBCO Thin Films | Chapter 2 | Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 7

 Raman spectroscopy is an excellent analytical tool for investigating phonon vibrational modes in the family of cuprate compounds known as RBa₂Cu₃O₇−δ, where R represents a rare earth element. Within this family, two particularly notable members are the high-temperature superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O₇_−δ (YBCO) and the cuprate insulator PrBa₂Cu₃O₇−δ (PBCO). In this study, we conducted Raman spectroscopy measurement on (110)-oriented PBCO thin film and on Ga, Al, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn ions-doped (110)-oriented PBCO thin films to compare their phonon vibrational modes and assess the impact of ion doping. The Raman spectrum of the (110)-oriented PBCO sample displayed four prominent A_g-type modes at approximately 130 cm⁻¹, 150 cm⁻¹, 440 cm⁻¹, and 520 cm⁻¹. These modes correspond to the vibrations of Ba, Cu (2), in-phase O (2) – O (3), and the apical oxygen O (4), respectively. We observed that the Raman mode of undoped PBCO at around 520 cm⁻¹ softened in the Ga, Al, Fe, and Co-doped PBCO thin films, while it remained unaffected in the Zn and Ni-doped thin films. We attributed these results to changes in the Cu (1) – O (4) and Cu (2) – O (4) bond lengths after the partial substitution of Cu. Additionally, a new Raman mode appeared near 610 cm⁻¹ in the spectra of Ga, Al, Fe, and Co-doped PBCO thin films. This mode, which is infrared (IR) active, became Raman-active when the symmetry of the unit cell was broken at the Cu-O chain site due to the partial substitution of Cu (1) ions by the dopants. Furthermore, the "O (2) – O (3) in-phase Raman mode" near 440 cm⁻¹ remained unaffected in the Fe, Co, Ga, and Al-doped PBCO thin films but softened in the Zn and Ni-doped PBCO thin films. Our findings suggest that these metal ions selectively replace Cu (2) and Cu (1) ions within the PBCO unit cell, leading to changes in some Raman and infrared-active modes. Divalent ions, such as Ni and Zn, replace Cu (2) ions from the CuO₂ planes, while trivalent ions like Ga, Al, Fe, and Co replace Cu (1) ions from the Cu-O chains. This latter replacement disrupts the symmetry of the PBCO unit cell and introduces local disorder at the Cu-O chain site. Moreover, these results are consistent with our electrical transport measurements, enhancing the understanding of the structural and electrical transport properties of the metal-ion-doped PBCO compounds.

 

Author (s) Details

 

Hom Kandel
Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, WI 53144, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA.

 

Milko Iliev
Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpps/v7/2568

Oblique Ar+ Sputtering Induced Defects and Structural Transformation in Si (111)| Chapter 5 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 4

 Ion beam persuaded defects and structural shift constitute a prominent research boundary due to the use of pre-amorphized tiers and high modification irradiation for the fabrication of nanometric-scale Si maneuvers. In this work, for the first time, a orderly study of the defects and structural shift induced by high unrest oblique argon ion improvement is presented. Results demonstrate the progress of structural defects at indirect incidence of 500 and their slump into smaller defects with decrease in indirect incidences to 300. In fact, inside this range of oblique occurrence, a sharp decrease in surface roughness follows following in position or time initial formulate of the surfaces. Crystalline (c-Si) to amorphous (a-Si) step transition under oblique argon ion indication has been told. Interestingly, the stress produced in the irradiated examples as a function of oblique incidence leads to smoothening of the surfaces by way of decreased strain. Our results show that fundamental damage due to high alteration oblique argon ion indication leads to angle dependent fundamental defects and hence phase conversion in the surface and near surface domain of Si(111). Explicitly, this study reveals hope of creating coupled stages in Si by high alteration ion beam sputtering that can be better exploited in Si located electronic instruments.

Author(s) Details:

Divya Gupta,
Ion Beam Centre, Department of Physics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, India.

Sanjeev Aggarwal,
Ion Beam Centre, Department of Physics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V4/article/view/9443

Surface Modification of Polyester Fabrics by Ozone and its Effect on Coloration Using Disperse Dyes: A Recent Study| Chapter 3 | Research Aspects in Chemical and Materials Sciences Vol. 4

 In this work, we report on the use of gases forming the atmosphere gas to reduce the surface of polyester fibers, and the effect of this pre-treatment on the dyeing nature of these fibers using scatter dyes. Because of its high crystallinity, non-concerning ancient culture nature, and tide when water is lowest absorption, polyester fibers (PES) are the most usual textile fibers. The synthetic interactions between polyester, perfecting compounds, and dyes are particularly troublesome, nevertheless, because of their synthetic structure. We report on the use of gases forming the atmosphere to modify the surface of polyester fibers with the aim of improving the interplay of the modified surface with perfecting compounds and dyes. We used C.I. Disperse Yellow 211 to dye air-treated polyester structures and evaluated the effects of air treatment utilizing FTIR-ATR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM imaging, rubbing tests, and capillarity calculations. We evaluated the dyeing acting via color analysis and driven the dyeing kinetics. This work shows that upper layer of atmosphere treatment is a good way to weaken inputs in the dyeing processes and also wastewater situation expenses, thus, lowering the environmental impacts of the fabric industry as well as conceivably decreasing the handle costs.

Author(s) Details:

Rafaela Stefanie Gabardo,
Textile Engineering (COENT), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana - 86812-460, Brazil.

Dayane Samara de Carvalho Cotre,
Textile Engineering (COENT), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana - 86812-460, Brazil.

Manuel José Lis Arias,
Textile Research Institute of Terrassa (INTEXTER-UPC), Terrassa – 0822, Barcelona, Spain.

Murilo Pereira Moisés,
Chemistry Graduation (COLIQ), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana - 86812-460, Brazil.

Bruna Thaisa Martins Ferreira,
Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PEQ-UEM), State University of Maringá (UEM), Maringá - 87020-900, Brazil.

Rafael Block Samulewski,
Chemistry Graduation (COLIQ), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana - 86812-460, Brazil.

Juan P. Hinestroza,
Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY - 14853, USA.

Fabricio Maestá Bezerra,
Textile Engineering (COENT), Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Apucarana - 86812-460, Brazil.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RACMS-V4/article/view/8690

Elaboration and Characterization of Phosphosilicates Apatites Containing Lanthanum| Chapter 1 | Recent Trends in Chemical and Material Sciences Vol.7

  In the temperature range of 1200–1400°C, two series of strontium–lanthanum apatites, Sr10-xLax(PO4)6-x(SiO4)xF2 and Sr10-xLax(PO4)6-x(SiO4)xO with 0 x 6, were produced by solid state reaction. The crystal structure and vibrational active modes of the produced materials were investigated using X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, and infrared and Raman studies.

Within a narrow spectrum of unsubstituted phosphate and silicate apatites, pure solid solutions were obtained. The radius of the corresponding substituted ions influenced the fluctuation of the lattice parameters, with a rise in a and a decrease in c.
The vibration modes of the PO4 and SiO4 groups were allocated to the bands of infrared and Raman spectra. When the results of the 29Si MAS NMR investigation were compared to those of the 31P, it was discovered that both species occupied the same crystallographic positions.

Author(s) Details:

Khaled Boughzala,
Unité de Recherche Analyses et Procédés Appliqués à l’environnement, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Appliquées et Technologie de Mahdia, 5121 Mahdia, Tunisia and Unit Electrochemistry, Materials and Environment, University of Kairouan, 3100, Kairouan, Tunisia.


Mustapha Hidouri,
High Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Omar Ibn Khattab Road, 6032, Gabes, Tunisia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RTCAMS-V7/article/view/6094

Study on Soft Phonons and Mode Grüneisen Parameters in a Framework Material H3[Co(CN)6] | Chapter 02 | Novel Perspectives of Engineering Research Vol. 1

 The author has spent the last several years researching phonons and their structure-properties relationships in a variety of advanced functional materials, including graphene, TiS3 nanosheet and nanofiber, VSe2 nanosheet, and SnO2 nanoparticles, as well as recently established low-dimensional 2D materials such as graphene, TiS3 nanosheet and nanofiber, VSe2 nanosheet, and SnO2 nanoparticles. The phonons and mode Grüneisen parameters of a flexible framework compound H3[Co(CN)6] are described in detail in this book chapter. H3[Co(CN)6] is a cyanide with a flexible framework structure and negative thermal expansion along the c-axis. Under hydrostatic pressure ranging from ambient to 11 GPa, in-situ high-pressure Raman spectroscopy experiments on H3[Co(CN)6] in a diamond-anvil cell were carried out. A phase transition from trigonal to monoclinic is identified at 2.3 GPa based on the evolution of Raman spectra, band splitting, and discontinuous changes in the pressure dependence of band frequencies. A lattice band at 140 cm-1 and the Co-CN deformation band at 348 cm-1, in contrast to other bands, softened with increasing pressure. The pressure dependence of Raman mode frequencies (d/dP) were used to calculate mode Grüneisen parameters (yi) for the ambient trigonal phase. As the molecule amorphized about 11 GPa, there was no Raman band with a flat spectral characteristic.

Author(S) Details

K. K. Mishra
Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA.

View Book:- https://stm.bookpi.org/NPER-V1/article/view/4359  

Study on Phonon Anharmonicity in a Framework Material H3[Co(CN)6] | Chapter 6 | New Innovations in Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 4

 The author has been studying phonons on functional materials for several years and has established structure-property correlations on flexible framework structure materials, lead free oxides, thin film perovskites, low dimensional 2D materials such as graphene nanosheets, TiS3 nanofiber, VSe2 nanosheets, SnO2 quasi nanoparticles, and other low dimensional 2D materials. Temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy experiments on the negative thermal expansion framework material H3[Co(CN)6] in the temperature range 80-300 K have been reported in this book chapter to elucidate the phonon anharmonicity of distinct phonons. There were no discontinuous or slope variations in phonon mode frequencies, linewidths, or band intensities, indicating that the compound remained stable across the temperature range studied. The temperature dependences of mode frequencies and their linewidths were investigated using phonon anharmonicity models. In this flexible molecule, the three-phonon decay mechanism was found to be more prevalent than the four-phonon decay process. In summary, the current research illustrates the anharmonicity of phonons and their impact on the thermal expansion of the H3[Co(CN)6] framework material.

Author (S) Details

K. K. Mishra
Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00925-2537, USA.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/NICB-V4/article/view/4325

Automatic Detection of Breast Cancer Based on Raman Spectroscopy Using a Neuro-Fuzzy Approach | Chapter 4 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 6

 The presence of malignant cells in the female breast causes breast cancer, a disease that has recently spread around the globe, not just in Mexico but also in other parts of the world. We present an automatic Breast cancer classification approach in which a Raman signal is classified as coming from a biopsy of healthy tissue (class 1) or a biopsy of sick tissue (class 2); to do so, we created patterns using Raman spectra, accurately quantifying each Raman peak to supply naturally reduced data to a classifier; we used the Adaptative Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier. This equips professionals with critical clinical tools for the rapid and accurate automatic detection of breast cancer. Our approach, we believe, might be utilised to treat a variety of tumours, including lung, prostate, and stomach cancers.

Author (s) Details

Francisco Javier Luna Rosas
TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, Departamento de Sistemas y Computación, Av. A. López Mateos 1801 Ote. Fracc. Bona Gens, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, C.P. 20256, México.

Julio Cesar Martínez Romo
TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, Departamento de Sistemas y Computación, Av. A. López Mateos 1801 Ote. Fracc. Bona Gens, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, C.P. 20256, México.

Marco Antonio Hernández Vargas
TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Aguascalientes, Departamento de Sistemas y Computación, Av. A. López Mateos 1801 Ote. Fracc. Bona Gens, Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, C.P. 20256, México.

Claudio Frausto Reyes
Centro de Investigaciones en óptica, Unidad Aguascalientes, Prol. Constitución 607, Fracc. Reserva Loma Bonita. Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Código Postal 20200, México.

View Book :- https://stm.bookpi.org/HMMS-V6/article/view/2105