Intermittent-Contact Heterodyne Force Microscopy: A Novel Approach to Monitor Nanoscale Events | Chapter 4 | Current Research Progress in Physical Science Vol. 9

Recent developments in Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) have shown the possibility of obtaining subsurface information using ultrasound. Heterodyne Force Microscopy (HFM) integrates Ultrasonic Force Microscopy (UFM) with Waveguide-UFM, where both the sample and the cantilever are excited at slightly different ultrasonic frequencies. Heterodyne Force Microscopy opens up a way to monitor nanoscale events with high temporal sensitivity from the quasistatic cantilever mechanical-diode response, taking advantage of the beat effect. Here, a novel heterodyne ultrasonic force method is proposed, in which the cantilever is driven in amplitude-modulation mode, at its fundamental flexural eigenmode. The measurements have been implemented by appropriately modifying a commercial AFM instrument (NANOTEC). Ultrasonic vibration in the megahertz range is additionally input at the tip-sample contact from the cantilever base and from the back of the sample. The ultrasonic frequencies are chosen in such a way that their difference is coincident with the second cantilever eigenmode. In the presence of ultrasound, cantilever vibration at the difference frequency is detected. Similarly, to heterodyne force microscopy, it is expected that the phase response yields information with increased sensitivity due to the beat effect.

 

Author (s) Details

 

M. Teresa Cubere
Department of Applied Mechanics and Project Engineering, Mining and Industrial Engineering School of Almadén, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Plaza Manuel de Meca 1, 13400 Almadén, Spain.

 

Please see the book here:- https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/crpps/v9/4379

Oblique Ar+ Sputtering Induced Defects and Structural Transformation in Si (111)| Chapter 5 | Recent Progress in Science and Technology Vol. 4

 Ion beam persuaded defects and structural shift constitute a prominent research boundary due to the use of pre-amorphized tiers and high modification irradiation for the fabrication of nanometric-scale Si maneuvers. In this work, for the first time, a orderly study of the defects and structural shift induced by high unrest oblique argon ion improvement is presented. Results demonstrate the progress of structural defects at indirect incidence of 500 and their slump into smaller defects with decrease in indirect incidences to 300. In fact, inside this range of oblique occurrence, a sharp decrease in surface roughness follows following in position or time initial formulate of the surfaces. Crystalline (c-Si) to amorphous (a-Si) step transition under oblique argon ion indication has been told. Interestingly, the stress produced in the irradiated examples as a function of oblique incidence leads to smoothening of the surfaces by way of decreased strain. Our results show that fundamental damage due to high alteration oblique argon ion indication leads to angle dependent fundamental defects and hence phase conversion in the surface and near surface domain of Si(111). Explicitly, this study reveals hope of creating coupled stages in Si by high alteration ion beam sputtering that can be better exploited in Si located electronic instruments.

Author(s) Details:

Divya Gupta,
Ion Beam Centre, Department of Physics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, India.

Sanjeev Aggarwal,
Ion Beam Centre, Department of Physics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, India.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/RPST-V4/article/view/9443

Atomic Force Microscopy Characterization of Thin Films: A Review| Chapter 9 | New Frontiers in Physical Science Research Vol. 5

 Metal chalcogenide films have fascinated excellent attention by way of their singular physical, ocular, and energetic characteristics. The obtained films displayed wonderful absorption cooperative, direct band breach and good transparency in the seeable portion. Therefore, these matters maybe used in ocular bows, opto-electronic designs, cosmic containers, radiation detectors, visual modulators and shade resembling such a color detector. In this work, the terrain of the able films was intentional using tiny force microscopy method based on picked article review. The findings marked that the morphologies of the surface forms of thin films change with the dethroning methods and experimental environments.

Author(s) Details:

Ho Soon Min,
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Putra Nilai, 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/NFPSR-V5/article/view/8971

The Importance of Measuring Mechanical Features of Red Blood Cells in their Natural Environment | Chapter 6 | Current Topics on Chemistry and Biochemistry Vol. 3

Little is known about the parameters apparent Young's modulus (Ea) or adhesion of animal RBCs with specific biological properties, except from human red blood cells (RBCs), which are a frequent model in single cell force spectroscopy (SCFS). We looked at RBCs from chicken, horses, camels, and human foetuses in order to close this knowledge gap, comparing the findings to information from human adults. The discovered species-specific values might be used as a database for additional study. The initial goal of the study was to examine the biomechanical properties of specific animal RBCs that were employed as representative models for various phenotypical traits using a comparative methodology. The second study's goal was to acquire these qualities primarily under physiological circumstances (at body temperature in autologous plasma) and to contrast the results with measurements in aqueous NaCl solution at 25°C under streamlined circumstances. We were curious to see if the pattern of change in biomechanical qualities was the same across all of the RBC phenotypes we evaluated or if other, species-specific inferences had to be made. Results: No matter the suspension medium, all RBC types had a drop in Ea as temperature rose. In mammalian RBCs, adhesion increased as the temperature rose and scaled with the amount of reported membrane sialic acid. Only in chicken did adhesion decline with rising temperature, which we attribute to a lower AE-1 concentration that allowed for more membrane undulations. Ea decreased in plasma at each test temperature, and adhesion disappeared entirely, showing functional cell expansion due to plasma component adsorption on the surface of the RBC. This elastic (solid-like) surface layer affected RBC interaction with the flowing plasma as well as increasing RBC size by hundreds of nanometers. It is stated how crucial the surface layer is for horse RBCs. We also discovered that the shape, rather than the Ea of RBCs, has a stronger effect on the shear-thinning tendency of bulk blood samples in shear flow. The study proves that an RBC surface layer exists and investigates the key distinctions between probing RBCs in physiological circumstances and evaluating cells in basic buffer.

Author(s) Details:

Dina Baier,
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria and Decentralized Biomedical Facilities, Core Unit Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Medical University Vienna, Austria.

Ursula Windberger,
bDecentralized Biomedical Facilities, Core Unit Laboratory Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Medical University Vienna, Austria.

Please see the link here: https://stm.bookpi.org/CTCB-V3/article/view/7500

Compositional Investigation of Nano-patterned Si Surface Induced by Metal-assisted Ion Beam Sputtering: An Advanced Study| Chapter 8| Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 12

 Using low energy ion beam sputtering at normal incidence and stainless steel as seeding material for varied sputtering periods at room temperature, fabrication of nano-patterned Si surfaces with simultaneous metal co-deposition is demonstrated. The nano-patterned surfaces created with an ion beam at such a low energy range are being investigated as prospective candidates in a variety of nano-technological domains. From morphological study, the evolution of nano-dot topography on the Si surface has been observed. Using X-rays to investigate chemical statesThe presence of metal impurities such as Fe and Cr emanating from the stainless steel target is shown by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The identified elements' high-resolution XPS core level spectra are analysed, and subsequent analysis of their compositional details suggests that metal-oxide and metal-silicide development on the sample surface.

Author (S) Details

AninditaDeka
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata-700064, India.

Pintu Barman
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata-700064, India.

Prof.Satyaranjan Bhattacharyya
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata-700064, India.

View Book :-https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V12/article/view/2637

Study on Morphological Evolution of Ag-nanostructured Films Prepared by Mass-selected Clusters| Chapter 4 | Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 12

 In terms of application, the fabrication of metal nanoclusters using a gas phase synthesis process and their deposition on a solid surface has various advantages. The morphological characteristics of films generated by mass- or size-selected silver nanoclusters on Si substrates were studied since the size of the deposited nanostructure can influence many properties of a thin film. A gas aggregation type magnetron-based nanocluster source is used to create the Ag-nanoclusters films, and a Quadrupole Mass Filter (QMF) is used to size-select the Ag-nanoclusters films. The film is deposited using a variety of cluster beams.current for a cluster size of roughly 4 nm diameter and a constant deposition time Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to examine the morphology of the films (SEM). According to the findings, the nanostructured film is initially mono-dispersed for smaller cluster ion currents, but mound-like formations appear for higher ion currents. For the creation of mound-like structures, the impacts of surface diffusion and agglomerations of deposited clusters are explored. The elemental purity of the films under consideration is demonstrated by structural and composition studies.

Author (S) Details

Pintu Barman
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India.


AninditaDeka
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India.


Prof.Satyaranjan Bhattacharyya
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India.


View Book :-https://stm.bookpi.org/NUPSR-V12/article/view/2633